Bosnian dambudziko 1908-1909. enyika ahwo

Muna October 1908, Austria-Hungary yakatora pedyo Bosnia and Herzegovina, ndokusaka Europe yakanga pamahombekombe ane hondo huru. Kwemwedzi yakati kuti, Old World akanga akamirira pamwe bated mweya kuchinjana. All vakatevera kuedza vamiriri uye vezvematongerwo enyika kudzivisa dambudziko. Zviitiko izvi chakazozivikanwa se muBosnia dambudziko. Somugumisiro, masimba makuru vakatadza kubvumirana, uye kurwisana yakanga ndokudzora. Zvisinei, nguva kwakaratidza kuti muBalkans zvinhu putika achitandadza Europe. Nhasi, muBosnia dambudziko kunoonekwa sechinhu mavambo World War First.

prerequisites

Paizopera hondo 1877 Russian-Turkish - 1878 makore. Berlin vaipinda dzakawanda musangano, izvo pamutemo yakasimbiswa itsva inogara mauto muBalkans. Maererano yechi25 nyaya yacho chibvumirano, nemasaini guru Germany, Bosnia, yakanga kare raiva hweOttoman Empire, inogarwa Austria-Hungary. Zvisinei, mutongo uyu kukundwa nhume Serbia. nyika iyi achangobva vasunungurwa Turkish nokutonga, uye hurumende yacho akatya kuti basa iri Habsburg Empire kutungamirira pakuti Austrians pakupedzisira akandosungawo Belgrade.

kutya izvi aiva pachavo ivhu raro. The Habsburgs nokuti kwenguva refu ndikavakira mufananidzo vateresi necheSalvic nyika (Slavs chakaita kuti 60% chavagari Austria-Hungary). Nokuda ichi ndechokuti madzimambo muVienna vakakundikana vabatane pasi ake tsvimbo Germany (Prussia akaita) pakupedzisira afunga kumabvazuva. Austria kare dzinodzorwa muBohemia, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Bukovina, Galicia, Krakow uye ndisingadi kugara pariri.

takanga tisisanakidzwi

Pashure 1878, Bosnia yakaramba pasi basa kuAustria, kunyange zvazvo ayo pamutemo haina pakupedzisira kutsunga. Izvi nyaya kwenguva yakati rwanonoka. The chikuru mudiwa yeSerbia enyika dzakawanda akanga Russia (uyewo necheSalvic uye nyika Orthodox). In St. Petersburg, zvakanyatsorongwa kudzivirira zvido Belgrade. Empire aigona vomanikidza Habsburgs, asi haana kudaro. Rakanga chokuita kusaina kuti ari tripartite chibvumirano kweRussia, Germany uye Austria. Countries akapa mumwe runovimbisa isiri utsinye kana muhondo.

ino akakodzera ukama vaArekizandiro II uye Alexander III, saka muBosnia dambudziko rakanga muchidimbu kukanganwika. "Union of Three Madzimambo" pakupedzisira akadonha 1887 nemhaka yokurwisana pakati Austria uye Russia vakarondedzera kuBulgaria uye Serbia. Pashure zororo ino Vienna kupera akasungwa chero mitoro kuti Romanovs kwakanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma muAustria akakura kuwedzera echiuto uye expansionist pfungwa kune Bosnia.

Zvido Serbia uye Turkey

MuBalkans vagara hari huru ine mavara dzinza vakawanda. Marudzi aivhengana, uye zvakanga nyore kuziva apo vane nyika ruzhinji utongi. Ndizvo zvakaitika kuna Bosnia. In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, 50% yevanhu vaiva vokuSerbia. Vaiva Orthodox, uye Bosniaks - vaMuslim. Asi kunyange zvemukati dzavo kuzvipokanidza akarovererwa pamberi yeAustria kutyisidzira.

Chimwe divi makakatanwa akanga hweOttoman Empire. The Turkish wehurumende ane kwemakumi emakore akagara mune zvematongerwe dambudziko. umambo uhwu Asati zvaiva yose muBalkans uye kunyange Hungary, uye mauto ayo kaviri rakakombwa Vienna. Asi panguva pakutanga XX remakore vokutanga kubwinya uye ukuru hapana chero anoramba. The hweTurkey wakaitwa muduku stub nyika muThrace uye Europe yakanga yakapoteredzwa utsinye necheSalvic inoti.

muBosnia dambudziko nguva pfupi vasati kwakaitika muzhizha 1908 ari Young Zimbabwe Turk chimurenga kwakatanga muna Turkey. Sultans simba rakanga shoma, uye hurumende itsva yakanga zvakare kwazvo kuzivisawo nezvezvinotaura avo vaimbova Balkan province.

Zviito yeAustria unyanzvi

Austrians kuti pakupedzisira mupanda Bosnia, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tikurire kwete chete vokuTurkey, asiwo masimba akawanda European: Russia, France, Britain, Italy uye Serbia. Habsburg hurumende, senguva dzose, akasarudza kutanga aibvumirana Old World masimba. Hurukuro vamiriri venyika idzi akatungamirira Alois of Aehrenthal, uyo akashanda se gurukota wokumwe.

Chokutanga kudzimika nokuda vokuItaly. Vakakwanisa kutsigirwa Austria-Hungary vabvume mukutsinhana chokuti Vienna raisazokanganisa muhondo yavo Turkey kuti ive Libya. Sultan pakupedzisira akabvuma cede Bosnia pashure akanga avimbisa muripo iri kukura makirogiramu mamiriyoni 2,5. Pachivanhu Austria inotsigira Germany. Wilhelm II pachake vakamanikidza Sultan, uyo aiva simba guru.

Inotaura Russia uye Austria-Hungary

Bosnian dambudziko 1908 kungaguma nenjodzi kana Russia akashora annexation. Naizvozvo, Nhaurirano Aehrenthal uye Aleksandra Izvolskogo (uyewo gurukota Affairs Foreign) hwainyanya refu uye zvakaoma. Muna September, mapato yakasvika rokutanga chibvumirano. Russia vakabvuma annexation dzokuBosnia, apo Austria akanga avimbisa kuti kodzero ngarava Russian nemauto vakasununguka nomugungwa Black pakamanikana nevanhu Turkey.

Kutaura zvazviri, zvaireva kuti kusiyiwa yaichimbova Berlin zvibvumirano 1878. Mamiriro rakaoma chokuti Isvolsky nekambani pasina mvumo kubva kumusoro, uye Aehrenthal vakaita mutambo kaviri. The vamiriri vakabvumirana kuti annexation zvichaitika pashure, kana kuti mukana waiti nguva. Zvisinei, mazuva mashomanana pashure kwake akatanga Izvolski Bosnian dambudziko. kunetsana International makatsamwisa Austria, ndiro October 5 rakazivisa annexation yacho nharo province. Zvadaro Isvolsky akaramba kukudza chibvumirano.

The pavakanzwa annexation

Kusagutsikana nomutongo Mutongo Viennese zviremera akaratidza Russia, Britain uye France. nyika idzi kare akasika Entente - mubatanidzwa kunangana Germany uye kunosimbisa nomutsigiri yaro akatendeka, Austria. In Vienna akawira. Rikanganise manotsi

Asi Britain uye France haana kutora zvimwe zvikuru chiito. Nyaya Bosnian muLondon uye Paris vakanga kubatwa zvikuru hanya pane dambudziko zvokuyamura Kwazvo.

The kuunganidza muna Serbia neMontenegro

Kana West annexation "rwakamedzwa" muSerbia kubva Vienna nhau kwakatungamirira pachena kwezvematongerwe. October 6 (zuva mushure annexation), zviremera akazivisa kuunganidza.

Chete zvakaitwa muna pedyo Montenegro. In zvose necheSalvic nyika vakafunga kuti aifanira kuenda kununura yokurarama Bosnia vokuSerbia, mungozi yeAustria utongi.

rutarinhari

On October 8, Hurumende yokuGermany nezvokudzokera Vienna kuti chiitiko zvombo kunetsana umambo anogona kuvimba nokutsigira kuchamhembe muvakidzani wayo. chiratidzo ichi zvaikosha kuti militarists ari Habsburg umambo. Mutungamiri "ngwizhingwi" bato raiva Mukuru Staff Conrad of Hettsendorf. Kudzidza pamusoro rutsigiro German, akaronga kuti Emperor Franz Joseph kutaura vokuSerbia kubva chinzvimbo simba. Saka kuva nengozi rugare Bosnian dambudziko 1908 uye masimba navaduku inoti vakatanga kugadzirira hondo.

YeAustria Mauto kudzura kusvikira kumuganhu. The chete chikonzero pasina kuti kurwiswa kwaiva kunzwisisa pamasimba Russia kuti kumiririra Serbia, iyo ichaita kuti matambudziko zvikuru kurei kupfuura "kukunda diki".

Bosnian dambudziko 1908 - 1909 makore. zvinotsanangurwa zvishoma munyaya ino. Chokwadi, wakabata zvatinofarira vakawandisa yezvematongetwo.

The zvabuda nemigumisiro

hurumende yeRussia akataura kuti nyika haisi vakagadzirira hondo pamusoro fronts maviri pamusoro Germany uye Austria, kana ichiri kusvikira pakuguma achatsigira vokuSerbia. Mukuru wechikoro akanga Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin. Haana kuda hondo, achitya kuti ichaita kuti mumwe chimurenga (uye zvakaitika mune ramangwana). Uyezve, makore mashomanana apfuura nyika vakakundwa vokuJapan rakataurwa pamusoro urombo mamiriro weuto.

Mwedzi mishomanana Nhaurirano rakasaramo Limbo. Ikava mutsindo nzira Germany. Mumiriri Russia Friedrich of Pourtalès wakasiyirwa St. Petersburg kokupedzisira: kana Russia richacherechedza ari annexation, kana kutanga kurwa Serbia. Pakanga nzira imwe chete kumisa Bosnian dambudziko 1908 - 1909, migumisiro izvo kwenguva refu nguva dzakadzokorora muBalkans.

Russia richingosimba Serbia, uye yokupedzisira vakaziva annexation. Pasina ropa akagumisa muBosnia dambudziko 1908 sei ake nemigumisiro enyika pashure. Kunyange zvazvo zvose rapera zvakanaka, kurwisana pakati vokuSerbia uye Austrians vaingoita kwakawedzera. The Slavs aisada kurarama pasi pokutonga Habsburgs. Somugumisiro, muna 1914, muna kuSarajevo, imwe Serbian gandanga Gavrilo Princip akapfura kubva chivhorovhoro akauraya mugari wenhaka kune yeAustria umambo Franz Ferdinand. Chiitiko ichi chaiva chiitiko kuti Hondo Yenyika II.