Kuchinja kuti kuyangarara Gengi. zvinoyangarara raté hurongwa

The Gengi anonzi hama kukosha mari nyika mbiri. Nemamwe mashoko, kukosha imwe mari inoratidzwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana.

Modes marongero Exchange

Zvinofanira kuva aiziva huripo modes yokumisa Exchange:

• Pahwaro Ndarama parity. The mari kunoenderana goridhe, rondedzera mumwe panguva yakatarwa pamwero. Kare, mureza ndarama yaiva regulator ari pose auton musika mhando.

• Fixed zvazvingava. The Reserve Bank anosarudza mwero National mari. It kunyanya chokuita miganhu vakasununguka nokufamba National mari, chii chiri kuitwa nechinangwa macroeconomic Kudzikamiswa. Kuti izvi zviitike, Central Bank kutenga kana kutengesa imwe mari dzimwe mari.

• Floating Gengi. Zvikaonekwa somugumisiro inopiwa romugove uye kudiwa nokufamba. Panyaya iyi, iyo Gengi ndiyo iri zvakanyatsoenzana mutengo currency in vatorwa Exchange pamusika. Panguva iyoyo nokufamba, imupota uye ekisipoti mavhoriyamu, mamiriro vachibhadhara uye vagotengeseranamo zvakanakanaka kwete nzira shoma.

Kana modes maviri okutanga tiri pachena kuti kunzwisisa, kuti kuyangarara Gengi zvinofanira kudzidzwa zvizere.

Ndechipi anonzwisisa Gengi?

Zvinoyangarara kana tefa Gengi chinhu nzira umo Exchange kutengeswa anogona siyana zvichienderana nerubatsiro uye kudiwa. In vakasununguka oscillation mamiriro kungawedzera kana kudukupiswa. It inobvawo pane dzokufungidzira akavhiyiwa pamusoro pamusika uye pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara ose ehurumende.

Tichingotarisa hurumende pachena zvinoyangarara Exchange vanofanira kuva chikonzero pokugadzwa zvakanyatsoenzana Gengi. Pakadaro, nyika vachava vanokwanisa yakakwana waidzora zvoupfumi ezvinhu pasina nechitarisiko simba. Asi chokwadi, vakasununguka makosi vanogona kuva chikonzero panowanikwa kuzungunutsa uye unsustainable kuitika. The mamiriro anogona kuwedzera nokuti vabereki mutsika dzokufungidzira mari.

Kuguma kwemamiriro mari uye muzvibvumirano kunogona kuva kwakaoma kana shamwari havana chokwadi pamusoro kuita purofiti. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyika dika kuchinja Exchange nokushandiswa kupindira. Asi kakawanda ichichinja bata pakati Gengi kuwana yemakwikwi zvinobatsirawo kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.

Kutanga zvinoyangarara Gengi hurongwa

Muna 1976, musangano IMF zvokungoitawo Committee, iri iyo Jamaican chibvumirano chakaitwa. nzira iyi enshrined demonetization nendarama yezwi zvinoyangarara Exchange. Muna Russian Federation wakaiswa zvakakodzera kwadzinoita nechirevo November 15, 1991. Ezvinhu zvinoyangarara Exchange akanga vanotungamirirwa zvitengeswa uye kudiwa zvinowanikwa pamisika iri hurumende mari.

In zvinosanganisira kutengeswa kwema kuti kufukidza mari panjodzi vakatanga kushandisa mberi zvibvumirano. Nzira iyi awana kukurumbira pakupera pakati 60s. Iyi ndiyo nguva kwakaratidzwa yezwi iri akayangarara hwechiFascist, matambudziko Bretton Woods ezvinhu, uyewo dzimwe Exchange musika volatility.

Zvikonzero kusika gadziriro itsva

Nokuda volatility kuti misika yokumwe kuchinjana muna 1964, zvakaziviswa kuti convertibility wechiJapanese uye dzimwe nyika mari. Nokudaro, US chakarasikirwa kukwanisa kuramba mutengo ane magiramu chendarama. State watarisana kukurumidza kukura mitengo. Chokwadi, hurumende US atora dzakawanda matanho kurwisa Fani iyi, asi havana kupa zvakanaka mugumisiro.

US vatorwa chikwereti ari kuwedzera ose gore, asi vakawanda dhora dambudziko raiva 1970, iro rinotsanangura vasanyanye chimbadzo. Gore rakatevera, munyika nengaidzo vachibhadhara akamborara zvakasimba dhefisiti. Free kutendeuka emadhora kupinda yegoridhe akarembedzwa.

Kuti aponese Bretton Woods maitiro chakaitwa zvizhinji. Kupindira munokosha kumativi 5 bhiriyoni. Dollars haana kupa mhinduro. Mushure kuderedza pamusoro dhora kubudikidza 10%, dzakabudirira akaita yezwi iri zvinoyangarara Gengi.

kubviswa dambudziko

Kusvikira 1973, zvaibvira kuwana mari zvakanaka mari mashandiro. Asi dzichibvisa dzokufungidzira pfuma vaiva nematambudziko pashure yakatarwa prices havachisiri akakodzera. In hurumende iri pachena zvinoyangarara Exchange kwakakonzera kuti kusauka kuti mabhanga makuru akawanda. Panguva imwe chete vazhinji zvemari masangano zvikuru nedambudziko. Mushure hurongwa kwave pamutemo, dzakawanda Ukama zvemari vakatanga kubvuma mutemo.

Kuchinja kuti kuyangarara Gengi akabvumira kubvisa dzakawanda zvazvakaipira matambudziko. Pasinei kubatsira hurumende iyi, vane zvimwe payakaipira. Chokutanga zvinokosha kuziva yakakwirira volatility kuti mari inokwana (the amplitude kuti nokufamba mukukosha pamusoro nguva). Kazhinji, izvi kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa dzakawanda ekisipoti-Import kushandiswa.

Mode chipo muRussia

Mushure default, kwakaitika muna 1998 muna Russian Federation, gore rakatevera kwakatangwa pamusoro yaidzorwa mari hwechiKomonisiti. Kubva zvino, hurumende yave ichikwanisa kuderedza kukura kwakaita inokanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pamusoro nevoruzhinji zvekutepfenyura. Zvinoyangarara Gengi akanga nechimwe pakatanga currency mudengu. Chaiva mubatanidzwa Euro uye dhora. Nokuda chiito ichi mukana kusimbisa basa usapinde hurongwa.

Pashure pakatanga currency tswanda yakanga akatakurwa achibudiswa kunze, Ruble vakagamuchira dzidziso maviri chinokosha nyika chengetedza dzakabatana. Panguva iyoyowo, akagamuchira zvishoma novimba US upfumi.

Kana mutengo uri kunze bi-mari tswanda, hurumende yakanga nekodzero kupindira mune dzimwe Exchange pamusika mashoko. Panguva iyoyo, mutemo uyu usingachashandi, chii chakaitika pashure yose dambudziko. Hurumende inogona kuita inotaura currency, pasinei kosi.

Pachena zvinoyangarara Gengi

rudzi urwu rinopa kuramba zvizere hurumende hurumende waidzora National mari noruremekedzo kuti mari vamapoka dzimwe nyika. Pachena zvinoyangarara Gengi zvinoreva kwebasa Gengi, zvakatemwa bedzi nezvinhu musika masimba zvitengeswa uye kudiwa.

The vaiona Gwaro anoshandisa vashoma munyika. More zvakafanana munhu akakwanisa ichiyangarara Gengi. Anogarisana mukuru kushandisika nokuti mutengo kunosiyana-siyana mukati hwakagadzwa kuumbwa. Kana zvasvika mumwe papi rinoitwa kudzikamisa achinja mwero vachishandisa masimba mari. Kazhinji kacho kuitwa kutendeuka kuvhiyiwa pamusoro pamusika rakavhurika kubva negadziriro yeparutivi, uye nyika mari.

Effect kutendeuka akavhiyiwa

Kutendeuka akavhiyiwa vari kwema kuti vanotorayirwa kutenga kana kutengesa mari inokwana kuti kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo akasimbisa nguva puranga, vhoriyamu uye mwero. States kuti shandisa zvinoyangarara ndokuinama Gengi, unogona kuvhiya izvi. Vanokwanisa kupesvedzera dzemari zvebhizimisi, yakananga nharaunda uye upfumi yose. Unotiranga nenzira iyi inofanira nemazvo kunzwisisa nyaya.