Society mune pfungwa shoma. Tsanangudzo uye mienzaniso yevanhu munharaunda shoma

Pfungwa ye "sangano" inodzidziswa nevanhu vakawanda. Zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chekufarira, ichi chikwata chinotaridzwa nenzira dzakasiyana, mupfungwa yakareba uye yakapfupika. Sei izvi zvichikosha pakudzidza? Kunzwisisa maitiro ehupenyu hwechiitiko ichi kunotibvumira kuwana nzira dzakarurama dzokugadzirisa zvinetso zvisingadzivisiki muupenyu hwevanhu.

Kuchinja mumamiriro evanhu, chimiro, chimiro chekushandurana kwevanhu kunoreva kuti hazvidi kungoongorora zvikonzero zvehupenyu, asiwo kutsvaga nzira dzekutarisa nadzo kuitira kuti usadzivisa migumisiro yakaipa uye isingagadziriswi. Sezvo nyaya yacho iine yakawanda, tinozviisa pfupiso yeimwe pfungwa dzayo huru.

Tsanangudzo

Sangano, sechinhu chekutsvakurudza, chinoshanda sechikamu chikuru chezivo yevanhu. Iyo pfungwa yakabva muLatin term societas (socium). Mupfungwa yakafara, iyo inosanganiswa mafomu uye nzira dzekubatanidza nekubatana nevanhu.

Tsanangudzo yeruzhinji mupfungwa shoma inobatwa sehutano hwevanhu, husinganzwisisiki nedzimwe nzira dzevanhu. Sangano ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chesima rehuzivi hwemagariro evanhu. Muchikamu chayo izwi iri rinodzidziswa mune zvinyorwa. Munharaunda inobatsira yekutsvakurudza, iyi iyi ndiyo nyaya yekudzidza nezvemagariro evanhu, shanduro duku.

Izwi re "chikwata": chirevo chakakura uye chakareruka

Izwi iri mubvunzo rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, iro raiva chikonzero chezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinotsanangurwa. Mune chimiro chakawanda kwazvo, mupfungwa yakafara, sangano rinonzwisiswa sehubatanidzwa hwevanhu uye zvachose nzira dzekubatana kwavo. Zvinogona kuitwa zvose mukati mevanhu, uye maererano nehupenyu hwenyama.

Pfungwa ye "chikwata", mupfungwa shoma, inowanzodudzirwa sechisungo cheshoko rinowanikwa kune rumwe rutivi rwevanhu. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika yezvinoitika. Uye nheyo yesangano ravo munharaunda inogona kunge yakanyanyisa kunzwisiswa kwezvikonzero, kutanga nemitemo uye kuguma nemafungiro anochinja huwandu hwevateveri vayo munzanga. Izvo zvakadzama uye zvishoma kududzirwa kwezvakagadzikana zvinoenderana nekutungamirirwa kwesayenzi. Izvo zvakanyatsojeka nesayenzi, yakaderera miganhu yenotsanangudzo, uye zvakasiyana-siyana, nzira yepasi rose inoratidza kusimba uye kusakundikana kwenyaya.

Sangano semugumisiro wemabasa evanhu

Sangano, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, harina kuenzaniswa nemabasa evanhu. Kwete chete iyo yakabatana, asi chaizvoizvo, kune nzira yekuvapo kwayo. Nyaya yakarongeka yakasiyana yakasiyana nemasikirwo echisikigo, iyo inogona kugadzirisa mabasa ayo kuitira kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvemunhu wese. Nhoroondo, pakutanga, iyi yaiva mamiriro ekupona. Gare gare, pakugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvebasa, nekuvandudzika kwehupfumi, sangano rakashandurwa kuva dambudziko rakawanda rekubatana mukati mehutano pachahwo uye maererano nenyika yakapoteredza.

Ukama kune nyika yekunze inoratidzira vanhu mumusana wayo wakazara - senzvimbo yevanhu. Kupindirana kwemukati kunomiririra mhando dzakawanda dzehukama hwevanhu, izvo mune rumwe ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu hunofananidzira vanhu mune pfungwa shoma.

Zvinangwa nemafungiro

Sangano, mumutsara mupfungwa weshoko, rinomuka kuitira kuti umwe neumwe wemitezo yaro anogona kuzvisimbisa kuburikidza nekukwevera vanhu vakafanana. Kwete mabasa ose inzira yekuve sangano. Iyo inoumbwa semugumisiro wezvakanaka, zvakarayirwa basa.

Society mune pfungwa shoma Mashoko mamwe mapoka evanhu, zvisinei nehuwandu hwavo, ivo pachavo vanoita vavariro yavo. Iyo ndiyo nzira iyo ndiyo nheyo yekubuda kwevamwe mapoka emagariro. Nenzira yakasiyana zvakasiyana, izvi zvinenge zvichiitwa mupfungwa yepasi rese. Kuvanhu munharaunda yakazara yeshoko, chinangwa chakagara chagadziriswa nemanzwiro ezvisikwa pachake - kupona uye akawedzera kuzvidzora, kuzvichengetedza sezvisikwa zvipenyu.

Mazinga evanhu

Nhengo dzomukati dzenzanga haisi yunifomu. Vanhu vanoedza kubatanidza maererano nehutano hwavo, zvido zvekunyanzvi, kuita zvinangwa nekugadzirisa zvinetso zvemazuva ano.

Semuenzaniso, mharaunda yehutano yevanhu inoumba tsika yavo yehutsika, maitiro ehutsika hwehutano, ruzivo rwekugoverana pamisangano, seminari nezvimwe zviitiko zvezesayenzi uye zvepamhizha.

Kune rumwe rudzi rwakasiyana rwezvido zvevanhu zvinomiririrwa nevanhu vemunharaunda - ivo vakabatana nemaitiro evanhu uye vanomiririra mienzaniso yakajeka yevanhu munharaunda shoma yeshoko. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndeye madzinza maduku, avo vanomirira rusununguko pasinei nekuita kwekubatanidzwa nekudyidzana kwenyika.

Nhoroondo yezvemagariro evanhu inotanga kugadzirisa maitiro ayo ehupenyu, maitiro ayo anobva pane nzira yekugadzirwa.

Nzvimbo dzevanhu

Sangano semagumisiro uye zvinoreva basa rinokosha revanhu rinonyatsodzidza ne sayenzi yezvakasikwa, sangano uye cognition. Kune zvikamu zvina zvakakosha zvehupenyu hwevanhu: hupfumi, hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemweya.

Economic. Ukama hwevanhu vari mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu (pamwe nekugoverwa uye kushandiswa) kwechigadzirwa chemagariro evanhu. Kusiyana kwemagariro ekubatana kune zvikwata zvakadai sevaranda nevashandi vehurumende, basa guru uye mushandi wemabasa, vashandi nevatengi vezvigadzirwa, mamwe makirasi uye mharaunda.

Social. Ukama hwevanhu, hutungamiri nemasangano emagariro evanhu, mapoka emarudzi, marudzi, mhuri uye kuroora, dzidzo, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu (somuenzaniso, vabereki nevana, nyika shomanana, vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, nezvimwewo).

Zvematongerwe enyika. Kukurukurirana kwevanhu pamusoro pesimba, zvematongerwo enyika, mutemo, kutungamira kwevanhu (vhoti, vezvematongerwe enyika vevanhu, magweta, masangano ekutonga).

Nzvimbo yemweya. Tsika, unyanzvi, sainzi, tsika, chitendero - zvinoumba nzvimbo yekutaurirana kwevanhu vekunamata. Munharaunda iyi, kana tichitaura nezvemagariro evanhu mupfungwa shoma, Tinokwanisa kusiyanisa zvidzidzo zvinotevera: masayendisiti, vafundisi, vanyori, varairi, vanoita, vatendi, etc. Izviwo ndezvenzvimbo yekugadzirwa, inongobatana chete nekuparadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemweya

Maitiro evanhu

Kune dzimwe mimwe mienzaniso yekunzwisiswa kwechinangwa chevanhu musinganzwisisiki, zvichibva pakuzvivimbiswa pamusana pekuramba mamwe mitemo, nheyo dzakashanda mune dzimwe sangano revanhu revanhu. Ugandanga, anotengesa, izvo zvinonzi "zvakanyanya" kurongeka. Kakawanda masangano akadaro anoedza kutora pfungwa kune chokwadi chaicho chokuvapo kwavo. Vanoita mabasa ehugandanga uye vanotora basa rekudzivirira zvido zvavo, kazhinji pazvinodhura zvido zvevamwe vanhu.

Kurwisana kunopesana ndeyekugadzirwa kwepanyama muhutano hwemagariro ekubatana. Vanoshanda sechirongwa chemagetsi ekugadzirisa, uye munyaya iyi nguva yekugadzirisa uye kukwana kwezvinoitwa kwavari kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwevanhu zvakakosha.

Summary

Kana tikatsvaga chiitiko chevanhu munharaunda yaro mumakwikiti uye macrolevels, zvino zvinova pachena kuti zvirongwa zvema dialectical zvinodzokororwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana, zvine zvoga zvakasiyana zvekuwedzera uye kuziva.

Society ishupenyu hupenyu. Maitiro aro evanhu anoratidza kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvegadziriro inongova donhwe chete, kuratidzira nyika seyakazara. Sangano mumutsara mupfupi weshoko Inodzorera nzira imwe chete yekuvandudza nekugadzirisa kwepikisano dzomukati, izvo zvatinokwanisa kutarisa pamwero wepasi rese.