Kugadzira nzira iri akapoteredza Marx pfungwa

Kugadzira muitiro - zviri (maererano dzidziso Karla Marksa) runozivisa imwe nhoroondo nguva, kubatana ukama okuwana uye zvibereko ravarwi, zvinopa zvinobatsira vanhu.

The zvibereko Mauto - mubatanidzwa basa nematurusi. In kushanda panguva inorangarira nhoroondo akapoteredza kuMudzidzisi ruzivo, unyanzvi uye ruzivo, uye zvokushandisa dzinosiyana kunzwisisa kwavo uye kushandiswa kwemichina. Vanobudirira mauto ndiwo zvakananga novimba zvepanyama dzinogarisana imwe munzanga inotungamirwa.

The ukama okuwana - zviri nhoroondo yakasimbiswa nzira kuronga kugadzirwa, zvinosanganisira kodzero muridzi, kunyanya kuparadzirwa pfuma uye zvimwe zviri pamutemo zvine chokuita neukama.

Karl Marx, vachitevera nzendo evanhu shanduka, wakatangwa na Hegel uye Saint-Simoni, rairatidza shanu chikuru munhoroondo modes okuwana:

- chinyakare;

- Muranda (zvenhaka);

- feudal;

- capitalist;

- yechiKomonisiti.

Chinyakare kwadzinoita kugadzirwa

It kubvira pakutanga ibwe Age uye kusvikira panguva kwenzanga mukirasi (IX remakore BC). Pakutanga kwakavakirwa appropriating upfumi, kureva vanhu chete kushandisa chii hunhu akapa. With kukura ukama okuwana uye nemauto zvibereko, pamwe chidzoke vamwe unyanzvi uye zvokurimisa, chinyakare nzira zvakare kuwana yemigodhi zvekutepfenyura.

Mamirire zviri ezvinhu:

- kuenzana zvoupfumi, kureva wakaenzana kurapwa nhengo vose munzanga kuti nzira kugadzirwa nokuparadzirwa upfumi;

- kusavapo private pfuma;

- tisina udzvanyiriri.

Kwakadaro zvakaenzana-vaiita hunhu ukama kwaibva chinhu chaizvo pasi pamwero kugadzira nemauto zvibereko. Yakabudiswa zvakakwana upfumi kunyanya kwerunyararo upenyu. Panguva iyi, nekumwisa chigadzirwa hariko. Chete haizopereri kukura inobereka mauto vaipa kuti kwaita yemuraudzo chigadzirwa, izvo zvakazoita itsva nzira kuparadzirwa uye mugove pakati runoenzanirana makirasi vanhu, kuti chidzoke wezvokutengeserana pakati pamarudzi pedyo, kuti chidzoke dzakavandika pfuma uye kutanga siyana udzvanyiriri.

Antique kwadzinoita kugadzirwa

Zvakatanga ari IX remakore BC muGirisi uye akaramba kusvikira II - IV remakore AD Panguva iyi pachake aivapo munharaunda, guta yakabuda pamwe unhu statehood. Zvarinoroora basa kwaibva zvarinoroora nyika. The guta iripo zvakawanda somunhu kuzvidzivirira muchiuto inotungamirwa, pane kugadzirwa. Maitiro hondo pasocial basa guru uye nzira yokuwana zvinhu zvinobatsira. A pachena chepfungwa ukama okuwana uyu nguva raiva pamberi varanda uye muranda wechibharo - ave "kunoenderana uye zvakakodzera mugumisiro" pakati yaivapo vanhu.

The feudal kwadzinoita kugadzirwa

Ndiyo nguva kubva kumugumo IV - V kutanga mazera, iyo yakaumbwa mushure muranda system (muMediterranean, Middle East neNorth Africa), kana pakarepo mushure chinyakare (necheSalvic nharaunda).

Nzira iyi inoshandiswa inobva paumbwe vekirasi feudal madzishe uye vanhuwo zvavo, kunobva panyika uridzi. The feudal madzishe vaiva varidzi venzvimbo, uye varimi vacho panyaya pfuma, sezvo vaiva munyika yavo yavo duku private kugadzirwa. Kodzero yokushandisa nyika vanhuwo zvavo vane Varidzi mari yavo, dzinongoitika zvinhu kana mari.

Munguva mangwanani yeMiddle Ages, vanhuwo zvavo vane hama rusununguko uye kuzvionera, izvo zvakazoita kuti chinokosha kukura inobereka ehondo, kugadzirwa rwokugadzira uye mberi mune zvokurima. Kukudziridza guta uye aumba munzanga rukoko itsva - vagari vakasununguka, uye zvadaro Bourgeois.

Pakutanga mashoko XV remakore munyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero European, vanhuwo zvavo akapiwa dzisashande pachake feudal kuyanzva. Zvishoma nezvishoma yakabuda kutanga capitalist vanhu, izvo pakupedzisira akasimbisa tichibatsirwa kuti Bourgeois nokumukirana mukupera XVIII remakore.

The capitalist kwadzinoita kugadzirwa

Hwaro kwadzinoita ichi okuwana - ukama pakati mubayiro basa uye guru. Society, ukuwo, rakakamurwa makirasi vaviri capitalists - varidzi zvokurarama kugadzirwa musoro zvemari, uye proletarians vanotengesa basa simba ravo kune capitalists. Izvi zvinomutsa pfungwa yemuraudzo mutengo - kunobatsireiko kubva kugadzirwa, iyo siya pachavo capitalists. Surplus anokosha chaizvoizvo uchityaira simba pamusoro capitalist munzanga.

Munguva capitalist kwadzinoita kugadzira, mauto zvibereko vaimbova zvisati kukura. Mavhoriyamu okuwana, kukura zvekushandisa rakakura yekudyidzana. Saka mukuru abatsirwe kukura evanhu kugadzirwa vakakanganisa advantageously capitalists.

Pane imwe Danho ino okuwana mauto vanofanira kukudziridza private capitalist ukama okuwana, izvo, maererano Marx, vaizongoguma kutungamirira paumbwe inotevera zvokukura kukura kwenzanga - gutsaruzhinji uye communism.

Yeutongi kwadzinoita kugadzirwa

Property kunova vanhu rose, uye basa - paruzhinji. In ichi kirasi hunhu hwaponeswa, sezvo pfuma rakakamurwa paruzhinji uye majana. Also vanoramba zvisingagadziriswi dambudziko rwaiparadzanisa mumuviri nomupfungwa basa, kugovera upfumi maererano unongotaura. Mubvunzo mukuru mupfungwa vanhu ichi: sei kuita basa rokuzvipira chinokosha munhu wose. Saka nepo Pfungwa Marx pamusoro paumbwe muKomonisiti nzanga iri pakuva. Panguva ino tiri kuona kutanga imwe mugovanisi munzanga dzakawanda capitalist nyika. Asi mamwe, sezvo nhoroondo akaratidza, apo kutaura nguva isati yakwana.