Aristotle semusayendisiti uye muzivi

Aristotle, semusayendisiti uye mukuru wechiGiriki muzivi anozivikanwa nokuda zvinhu zvizhinji: rake zita iri wose miromo munhu. Upenyu hwake azere dzinonakidza uye, sezvo basa kwakaunza kubatsira chaizvo kuti sayenzi.

Friend uye wemazano

Muzivi huru yekare Greek Aristotle, mune zvipenyu uye uzivi akasiya yakawanda tsoka, akaberekwa muna 384 BC. e. mune Thracian taundi Stagira. Muna 368 BC. e., paakanga achiri muduku zvikuru, akaenda kuAtene, apo akava mudzidzi-akatungamirira Plato Academy. In Plato, naAristotle, musayendisiti akawana ruzivo chipangamazano uye shamwari yekare, uyo VACHIYEMURA ane simba akanga kwoupenyu hwake. Vari pedyo pedyo yakadyidzana kusvikira Plato afa muna 348 kana 347 BC. e.

Zvisiri pamutemo, asi kakawanda chaizvo dzidziso kuti munguva yokuvapo kwake panguva Academy Aristotle aiva rwechisikirwo anokumhan'arira dzaPlato, akapikisa ukuru pfungwa dzake. Kutaura zvazviri, Aristotle ndiye Academy kwamakore makumi maviri, uye hazvingaiti ichi yaizova zvinogoneka kana pfungwa dzake dzakanga dzakasiyana chaizvo kubva maonero Plato kana zvinopesana mukuru nzira pfungwa dzake.

mushure Academy

Pakafa mudzidzisi, Aristotle akasiya Academy muAtene, kuti asimbise davi rawo muguta kuAsosi muAsia Minor muTroasi. Pano yaakagadzira ushamwari yomunzvimbo mudzvinyiriri pamusoro Hemasi, izvo makore maviri gare gare akapomerwa pakusateerera nevaPezhiya uye akaurayiwa. Panyaya iyi, Aristotle kwakamanikidzwa kuchitsuwa cheLesbos, muguta chloride. Zvaive munguva iyi muna kuAsosi uye chloride, vari kukura uye kuitwa kubva pfungwa dzake pachake youzivi.

Aristotle uye Aleksandr Veliky

Makore anenge 343 BC. e. King Philip kweMacedonia, Aristotle inopa chinzvimbo mudzidzisi nemwanakomana wake uye mudyi wenhaka Alexander. Zviri dzidziso Aristotle akachenjera aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro paumbwe yemberi kukuru wehondo. Nemhaka Alexander sechiratidzo tinoonga chaizvo uye kuremekedza vakavakazve kuparadzwa panguva danidziro kuti Firipi mutaundi rokumusha chipangamazano wake Stagira.

private chikoro

Mushure accession Alexander kune Macedonian choushe 336 BC. e. Aristotle akasiya nzvimbo mudzidzisi, uye akaenda kuAtene, apo yaakasimbisa chikoro kwake - Lyceum (iri pedyo tsvene Apollona Likeyskogo, chiso), aizivikanwawo Περίπατος ( «paberere», apo hurukuro). Vateereri vake vainzi Peripatetics. Aristotle kwakaita Lyceum aiva chaiye tsvakurudzo munharaunda. Pano aiva oga raibhurari yacho, uye mudonzvo vadzidzisi, mharidzo zvikuru.

Mugore 323 BC. e. Aleksandr Makedonsky akafa. Vagari veAtene, vachitsvaka kutiza pakudzorwa Macedonian, vaishora Aristotle. Akamanikidzirwa kuenda uye mugogara muguta Halkida muna Evia, apo akafa papera gore.

rokusika nguva

Yose Sayenzi Aristotle rakakamurwa zvitatu nguva:

1. "Academic" nguva, nguva Nhaurirano Plato. Zvadaro takasikwa panhaurirano "Evdem" apo Aristotle semusayendisiti inowirirana pfungwa Plato kuti ruzivo sezvo nezvetsaona Ideas, aifungisisa pakuzvarwa, uye "Protreptics" - tsamba kuna Femissu wokuKupro umo muvambi mutsigiri hwaPlato dzidziso siyana, anoti upenyu chaihwo kwomweya rinotanga pashure pokufa muviri. Uyewo panguva ino, zvichida, basa atanga pamusoro "wefizikisi" uye "On kumweya", uyewo vamwe basa iri zvisingarambiki.
2. Nguva muupenyu kuAsosi uye chloride. Izvi zvinofanira kusanganisira nhaurirano "On Philosophy", apo Aristotle, mu zvipenyu panguva iyoyo akanga achigere chero Zvakawanikwa, achidana vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza ano porusvingo kukura uzivi, zvisinei, akanga criticizes dzidziso siyana. Pano Aristotle atova ane pfungwa Mwari so "mira chikuru unomutsa" wenyika. Panguva iyi, iyewo yave kushanda "Metaphysics" uye "mutemo" pave "Evdemovu tsika."
3. nguva kudzidzisa uye tsvakurudzo pasi maberere of Lyceum. Panguva iyi, zviri akatsunga kuti Aristotle yakawanikwa mumakore ake upenyu. Akatanga kusunungura pamusoro muuzivi akavimbika uye simba hwaro; aigara inoitisa siyana, zvidzidzo hwakadzama munzvimbo hunhu uye nhoroondo. Pedagogical basa (hurukuro) panguva Aristotle rakachengetedzwa uye dzakabudiswa muna 60s BC. e. Andronikasi cheRhodes. Saka "Metaphysics" muunganidzwa hurukuro yakapiwa pagungano Lyceum panguva dzakasiyana. The zita "metaphysics" unoratidza nzvimbo basa kuunganidzwa mabasa Aristotle, nokuti mushure "Physics" (chiGiriki μετα -. «After»). Asi zvose zvakafanana kugutsikana sezvazvakafanira dzisiri mune ano mupfungwa - kana "Physics" vakatarisana nezvinetso zvokurerwa pachena kuti sangano, ari "Metaphysics" riri kuna soro dzemitemo uye zvinokonzera. Pacharo "Physics", kureva, corpus zvaitaurwa naAristotle vakazvipira dzinongoitika sayenzi dzinongoitika uzivi zvinoshandawo wechitatu kumwedzi. Ivo zvinosanganisirawo "On kumweya" - a mupfungwa dzidziso Aristotle, zviri pabasa ( "Nicomachean Ethics", "Ethics Great"), political pfungwa ( "Policy"), "zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe", "Poetics".

systematization sayenzi

Aristotle semusayendisiti uye systematized uzivi, kupatsanura nayo munzvimbo zvinotevera zivo;

1. Yokungotaura Philosophy. Rinotsvaka kubudirira ruzivo rwakachena, kuti zivo pachayo, kwete kune mhinduro dzinobatsira. Yokungotaura Philosophy zvinosanganisira wefizikisi (kudzidza zvinhu, kuchinja zvivako), masvomhu (kudzidza kusachinjika, asi vasingasiyani kubva acho) uye metaphysics (rinoreva ndiparadzaniswe zvokunyama, kusava ndokuinama).
2. Ruyamuro uzivi. Hunosanganisira sayenzi kunyanya enyika, uyewo zvinoverengeka anoranga kuti Aristotle anotenda omurume uye ebetsero kuita zvematongerwo enyika, zvoupfumi, zano, zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe.
3. Enhetembo uzivi. Zvinosanganisira tsika aesthetics, izvi zvinosanganisira dzidziso Aristotle muna unyanzvi.

mupiro Aristotle kusvikira chefuma nyika yebudiriro haringanzi dzakanaka. What Aristotle akazarura, mazita anogona kuva refu. Zvakawanda nedzidziso yake akatamira kune Neo-Platonic uzivi uye Ages uzivi. A izwi sezvaari nomumwe Aristotle uye rinoshandiswa nhasi ndivo hwaro mashoko ouzivi chero huripo mitauro munyika.