Silicic asidhi uye kushandiswa kwayo

Silicic asidhi hunonzi ndiyo remubatanidzwa wenyika nesilicon oxide uye mvura. Makavigwa nhamba yenhengo dzayo dzinogona kuva zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, vakawanda akafanana kwayo zvinogona hwaimiririrwa fomura. Muchiitiko ichi silicic asidhi pamwe kuvapo zvakasiyana yakawanda nesilicon oxide uye mvura, ndiko kuti, nedzimwe tsika pakati parameters N uye m, inogona kufamba kubva mumwe ehurumende kune mumwe. Saka, N uye M iyi inogona sechinoitika variables.

In Nemuromo, silicic asidhi inogona vakazvigadzirirwa zvokuverengera munhu silicate ane alkali simbi (semuenzaniso yavaibvisa) uye "simba" acids (semuenzaniso, hydrochloric acid). Nenzira iyi, iri vakasununguka ezvinhu ave oga (wakagadzirirwa), vamwe acids izvi: metasilicic, orthosilicic uye nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, makemikari maitiro runobereka metasilicic asidhi:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Zvisinei, kuti vawane yakachena silicic asidhi kwakaoma zvisingaiti. In aqueous mhinduro (uye vari vakawana supersaturated) silicic asidhi ari polymerization kwacho rinopera hwaro inotungamirwa pamusoro colloidal mhinduro ine panzvimbo pfupi kuvapo. Humwe zvinogadzirisa ava gel inoumbwa coagulation. Mukati mezvizvi kushandiswa silicic acid, sezvo vakapedzwa gel kupa vanonzi silica, iro rinoshandiswa senzira desiccant uye absorbent. Uyezve, achishandisa anokosha stabilizers, wakagadzirirwa kubva colloidal dambudziko akatsiga colloids (kana sols) idzo kuwana chikumbiro iri kugadzirwa.

Silicic asidhi iri havaratidzi soluble, thermally kusagadzikana uye simba. Kana vamutswa moyo, kuti manyowa pamusoro silicic asidhi izvo kunoratidzwa zvinotevera makemikari maitiro:

=

Zviri zvakare asidhi kusimba pane imwe marasha. Nemhaka iyi silicic asidhi mu aqueous dambudziko iri misha carbonic asidhi kubva ayo munyu siyana. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuonekwa kuita:

= +

Silicic asidhi munyu dzinonzi silicates. Vane paupamhi kuparadzira zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso, muna goko paNyika zvikurukuru ine silicas uye silicates. Izvi zvinosanganisira feldspar, That siyana, Mika, talc, uye vamwe vakawanda. Silicates vanobatanidzwa mune Zvinoumba pamatombo - granite, basalt, uye vamwe. Silicate crystals zvinozivikanwa zvakadai anokosha, izvo, nokuda husiri nyore kuwana kwavo uye runako anonzi anokosha akaita esimaragidhino, topazi Tria Rose.

Vazhinji silicates insoluble mumvura. The chete kunze ndivo yavaibvisa silicates uye potassium. Vanogona kuwanikwa alloying pamwe runoenzanirana hydroxide kana carbonate. Somuenzaniso,

+ + =

Aqueous zvingaitwa of munyu vakawana nenzira iyi vanozivikanwa se "waterglass". Unosvikowana yakafara kushandiswa sechinhu bhainda kweShanduro zvinovava nemishonga kongiri, uye kuwedzera, anoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvose anozivikanwa putty nebepa guruu. Sezvo murazvo retardant uye isapinda impregnating Naiwo kupatsanurwa zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa rejira, matanda uye mapepa.

Silicates, sechikamu paine aruminiyamu, vakagamuchira zita aluminosilicate. Izvi zvinosanganisira naMika uye feldspar, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro avo zvikuru kuoma. Saka, feldspar, kunze nesilicon oxide uye aruminiyamu oxide rinewo oxides pamusoro yavaibvisa, potassium, uye yavaibvisa. In murwiyo waMika, kuwedzera aruminiyamu nesilicon, ine rehydrogen, yavaibvisa kana potassium, asi angava, kunyange ishoma, uyewo calcium, magnesium kana simbi.

Kazhinji, kushandisa silicates ari chipo ezvinhu wakakura chaizvo uye siyana. Mountain silicate matombo aishandiswa zvokuvakisa. Silicates aishandiswa senzira mbishi mashoko simende kugadzira, fillers siyana, Ceramics, girazi, uye nezvimwewo. Mica uye asbestos inoshandiswa pagadzirwe siyana chafariz uye zvemagetsi insulating zvokuvakisa.