J002E3 (asteroid). Shamisa OUMAMBO HWECHIPIRI J002E3

J002E3 - imwe asteroid muna 2002 chaizvo rakavhuvhuta chikamu nhau. Shamisa misoro vave anokwezvwa kutarisirwa uye vakavimbisa zvakawanda dzinonakidza. Titles nyaya dzakadai se "The Nyika azviratidza kechipiri Satellite!" Uye "To Earth kusvika asteroid!" Vamwe nguva akasangana zvose anodhinda nhau, uye yakakura network. Zvisinei, dutu akafa pasi nokukurumidza vakanaka. Unonzweiko, uye chii chinofanira akasiyiwa J002E3 (asteroid), uye rinokurukurwa pazasi.

Kuwanikwa chinhu

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, zvenyeredzi - mumwe sayenzi mashoma apo iwe vakaponeswa kudiwa shingirira vanoda basa. Zvakawanikwa Vazhinji zvakagadziridzwa kuti vaitarisa vanhu vanodavira Kuongorora kudenga chitandadzo zvinobvira kuvonga. Saka yakanga nguva ino.

An mudzidzi muongorori wenyeredzi kubva California Bill Jung yakawanikwa kwete kare muonekwe muviri munhu muna Earth muchadenga. Awana chinhu Mwedzi yedu wechipiri, chii ndokukurumidza kuudza vamwe nenyanzvi. Zvino September 3, 2002. Chinhu ari Minor Planet Center basa J002E3 nhamba. Asteroid pakarepo yakava muzinda vaitirane nharo pakati pemasayendisiti.

Zviri Satellite itsva

vatize trajectory of chinhu Zvaifungidzirwa. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti ndiye anenge kaviri sezvo kure Earth pane mwedzi. At dzepedyo kusvika kune nyika J002E3 kubviswa mariri 300 zviuru makiromita, pane imwe zvishoma - pane 840. In imwe chimurenga kumativi redu asteroid inopedza anenge makumi mashanu mazuva.

Zvakasiyana ichi yepasi pose muviri Romwedzi uye hukuru. Mumwe Zvinofungidzirwa asteroid hukuru okutanga Paaiita rive 50-timetrovy dhayamita chinhu. Data zvose izvi zvinoratidza kuti yekuita rechipiri dzinongoitika Satellite Nyika chaizvoizvo chokunyepera.

mubereko nesayenzi

Nokuda rinokweva kusakarongeka pakati mwedzi nyika chero zvinhu kuti kuwira muchadenga, akadzingwa mushure imwe nguva. Saka, vatsvakurudzi akaonekwa musoro kubvuma kuti asteroid wakauya nendege nzira rakafanana ichangopfuura. Uye zvakanga vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi anenge kukosha kupfuura mavambo J002E3. The asteroid, pamusoro zvekungofungira masayendisiti, akabatwa nokuda rinokweva munda yedu akapoteredza April-May 2002, kureva nguva pfupi asati buri.

Kuti mashandiro ari kutsikwa muchadenga anoramba kupinda muchadenga uye ari kufarira simba panyanzvi dzezvomuchadenga. Chokwadi kuti anotamba inokosha basa uye kubatana nharaunda iyi zvakadai mitumbi guru sezvinoita mwedzi. Kusvikira ikozvino, masayendisiti havana kuwana pedyo rinokweva kubatwa zviri Satellite pachake pfungwa ongororo. Similar zviitiko munhoroondo yose sayenzi haisati zvaitika.

Natural kana chakagadzirwa

Nezvepakatangira ekupedzisira-zuva shamwari, ipapo takakurukura zvichibvira shanduro kwechinguva, asi nokukurumidza zvakakwana penyanzvi akasvika chete mhedziso. Asteroid J002E3 akanga zvokusarudzwa Danho rechitatu "Saturn 5" keriya chitundumuseremusere kuti vakatora kubva Earth chitundumusere-musere "Apollo-12". Anofungidzirwa, vakawanda nguva kubva 1969, apo akanga napadare, chikuva rakatenderedzwa iri pairi ichitenderera zuva, uye chete pamusoro avaida hwomukova, sezvo dzatoona, akabatwa negiravhiti Wepasi.

hwakadzama zvidzidzo

Nokukurumidza pfungwa nesayenzi kuti ndiratidze. Nyanzvi paUniversity pamusoro Arizona akashandisa spectral pachisara kuwana kwemashoko akazara pamusoro chinhu. Kuongorora chiedza akaratidza kubva J002E3, vakazoona kuti rokunze pose muviri pane kungoda titanium oxide. Kuti remubatanidzwa uyu huri chena pendi, izvo zvinenge zvakazara booster pekugara "Saturn-5". Migumisiro yakafanana yaunganidzwa vaongorori pashure pokudzidza chinhu ane michini teresikopu.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Zvakakodzera tichigara ndechokuti chirongwa yaiva "Apollo". Chirongwa ichi kwakaguma chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munhoroondo astronautics, kwave yakataurwa NASA. Chinzvimbo Chinangwa chirongwa raiva aigarira kumhara pamusoro mwedzi. "Apollo" purogiramu, vakagamuchirwa muna 1961, akatengeswa kwemakore uye rakapedzwa muna 1975. Yokutanga vakabudirira kumhara pamusoro mwedzi, akanga zvikuru munyika dzakawanda, yakaitwa muna 1969. The muchadenga kunoongorora netsoka panyika apo Satellite yedu, vaiva Neil Armstrong uye Buzz Aldrin. Ndakavatakura kuna Moon "Apollo 11". Zvadaro, Satellite akanga ashaye muchadenga kunoongorora shanu chitundumusere-musere.

The chirongwa zvichiri risingaenzaniswi. Munhoroondo nzvimbo ubanguranyika asisiri zvapedza munhu aigarira kumhara pamusoro zvirongwa dzevanhu panzvimbo, kufanana satellites panyika. Pakati nebudiriro chirongwa:

• "Apollo 8" - chikepe chokutanga akakwanisa kupinda muchadenga ari nzvimbo chinhu, asiri Earth;
• landings matanhatu mwedzi;
• "Apollo 17" - rokupedzisira musi wacho spaceship kuti vakauya muchadenga kunoongorora kumwedzi nyika.

Booster

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mhando chitundumusere-musere "Apollo" rikataurwa nokubatsira dzinokosha mano. Uye pano kuti panodiwa kumusoro "Saturn 5". chitundumuseremusere Izvi kwaisanganisirei kutumira ngarava zvose "Apollo" purogiramu kumwedzi uye gare gare kushandiswa "Skylab" zvirongwa uye "Soyuz-Apollo". Midziyo yaiva muzvikamu zvitatu dzinotevedzana uye inosanganisira motokari nawo kupa zvakakodzera kumhanyisa. Wechitatu chikuva vakavhiyiwa kaviri, pashure disconnection uye pashure kechipiri pashure kusvika muchadenga. Panopera basa rayo, wechitatu padariro mano zvose "Apollo 13" ndiyo goho kuti muchadenga pedyo Sun ..

J002E3 asteroid, nyanzvi manyawi Mumatsutso 2002, izvozvo akava padariro rechitatu mumwe zvitundumuseremusere izvi. Maererano nenyanzvi, Ungangove, yaiva "Saturn 5", iro kuna Moon yechipiri rwendo ( "Apollo 12" vashandi).

ndege nzira

Chimwe uchapupu kwakabva ichi "Satellite chechipiri" yaiva nzira kwaakaita akunde asati asvika muchadenga paNyika. Vaongorori vanoti chinhu nemakore anenge makumi matatu okuberekwa kwakanga heliocentric muchadenga. Somugumisiro napedyo yayo kusvikira trajectory yedu ndege J002E3 asteroid akabatwa negiravhiti kwePasi uye akatanga kuruka rakapoteredzwa.

Muna 2002-2003, kuti asteroid nendege apfuura Earth kanoverengeka. Mamwe masayendisiti vaifunga kuti achapedzisa rwendo rwake, wakawira mwedzi, izvo kare "yakawira" wechitatu padariro kanda motokari zvakakumikidzwa nzvimbo "Apollo" zvikepe 13 kusvika 17. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika: chinhu yave vasiyiwa muchadenga. Anofungidzirwa, achaita kudzokera Earth muna 2032.

chisingakuvadzi ngozi

Kana nhau pane mishumo kuti asteroid kuchabhururuka kuna Earth, paavhareji munhu mubvunzo unomuka pakarepo, chii zvichaitika kana kuchabhururuka, uye musoro wake wakavhomorwa zvakajeka nokudenga njodzi. Kana ari J002E3 kutya kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa. Kukura mutakuri chitundumuseremusere Danho zviduku uremu - matani 20, kureba vanenge 18 M uye dhayamita - 6.6 M vanhu nenyanzvi munyaya nezvenyeredzi, ziva kuti kana Pasi kuuya asteroid zvakafanana kukura, havana kutya :. Iye kuchapisa rokumusoro mhepo. Saka zvingava nguva ino kuna J002E3 chinhu achiwira pasi redu.

nzvimbo masarasara

Mamiriro pamwe padariro mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Saturn 5" hakusi akasiyana. Nechepakati kukurukurwa nesayenzi azviise pedyo-Earth zvinhu. Kazhinji, vakwire maererano dambudziko kuderedzwa yakazara pairi ichitenderera redu. Mumashoko pfupi nokukurumidza kukura nzvimbo vanhu vaifanira kusiya chaizvo chaizvo "Ogryzkov" Ngarava siyana uye zvombo. Masayendisiti akasvika pakugumisa kuti dambudziko iri nechekare akashandura mugomba dzinonetsa, nekuti mari iyi muchadenga nemarara vanotyisidzira kunharaunda Earth sezvo satellites uye nemamwe mano StartUp, uye nyika yacho ikoroji.

Nhasi, vakatanga siyana nzira achibvisa nzvimbo iri pasi-Earth muchadenga. Chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira vatsigiri extraterrestrial "kukohwa", nhengo Johnson Space Center Hyères-Chu Liu anokurudzira vamwe kuti dhipuroya vakachena-Earth nzvimbo dzakawanda rutsigiro. Iye zvinogutsa anoti dambudziko iri unordinary kungada kwazvo nesimba uye mari sezvo pane kana uri nyika chete. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti chirongwa kuunganidza uye kurasa marara anogona kuva zvechokwadi kunzwisisa hwokugadzira uye musangano matambudziko, uye ayo Implementation - mumwe mukuru nebudiriro vanhu.

pfungwa

Pakati vakakurukura zvirongwa kuchenesa pedyo-Pasi nzvimbo kusangana siyana zvaungasarudza kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko. Izvi zvinosanganisira design, rakafanana mambure hove uye chakafanana sipo sefuro. Sezvo nzira rokurwisa nemarara dhisikaundi Laser pfuti. Hyères-Chu Liu anoti kusarudza imwe nzira Implementation purogiramu kunoenderana zvachose pamusoro zvaunokoshesa, izvo hausati kurondedzerwa. The ngozi huru, maererano masayendisiti, ndivo zvimedu pakukura. Rokutanga Masvomhu anoratidza kuti, nokuti nokukurumidza uye vakarongeka wokunatswa nzvimbo pedyo nyika inofanira kubviswa Zvivako akadaro anenge mashanu pagore.

Nhasi, ngwanda mberi yodzoka mu pasi Earth muchadenga, wabvunza vanokwanisa pangozi operative satellites uye kanda zvitundumuseremusere. Wanda zvirongwa kuchenesa nzvimbo yakapoteredza pasi redu, vari pasi kukura. Saka, zvinokwanisika kupfuura kamwe ari nhau vari chikamupenyera mashoko pamusoro zvinhu, J002E3 akadaro. Zvisinei, kukura kuteerera dambudziko zamusorevaniya muchadenga kunoratidza kuti matanho akakodzera achakurumidza uchabatwa.