The ehupfumi pakati majini remitemo uye yaro zvachose DNA hurongwa

Under majini remitemo unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa se kwegadziriro zviratidzo nzvimbo sequential nucleotides mu yeimwe DNKa RNKa uye izvo unoenderana akasiyana chiratidzo hurongwa kuti anoratidza kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino asidhi yeimwe ari puroteni Morekuru.

Izvi zvakakosha!

Apo masayendisiti vaigona kudzidza ehupfumi ari kuvabereki code, mumwe mukuru pakawanda yave kuzivikanwa. Chokwadi, zvinoita sokunge chinoshamisa sezvazvakanyorwa, zvose zvipenyu zviri vakabatanidzwa rimwe, nokudenga, zvakafanana magene romutemo. It yakaumbwa kwenguva pfupi refu, uye muitiro yapera anenge mabhiriyoni 3,5 akapfuura. Somugumisiro, mune sechivako bumbiro kunogona kurondwa anotaura shanduka yaro, kubva inception wayo nhasi.

Patinotaura pamusoro kutevedzana kwezviitiko okunze ari nemagene code, zvichireva kuti hazvisi runobva, asi ane hurongwa zvachose kunorondedzerwa. Uye ichi ndicho zvakare zvikuru anosarudza Zvivako zviri majini remitemo. Izvi zvakafanana kuti nzvimbo tsamba uye mabhii mashoko. Zvinofanira kuputsa zvatinosiita murayiro, uye vazhinji zvatinoverenga mumabhuku kana pepanhau mapeji kugume pusa gibberish.

The chikuru ehupfumi pakati majini remitemo

Kazhinji, bumbiro remitemo anotakura pachakwo chero mashoko encoded munzira chaiyo. Kuti nzwisisa mashoko ari kuvabereki code, zvinokosha kuziva nevamwe zvinhu.

Saka, dzinokosha ehupfumi pakati majini remitemo - ndiko:

• triplet;
• redundancy kana degeneracy;
• kusiyana;
• chamazuva;
• kare kutaurwa pakawanda.

Ngationei vanogara nomumwe pfuma.

1. triplet

remubatanidzwa ichi apo nucleotides matatu dzinoumba the daisy cheni mukati Morekuru yacho nucleic asidhi (i.e. DNA kana RNA). Izvi zvinoita remubatanidzwa triplet kana codon. codon ichi inofananidzira mumwe amino acids kuwana nzvimbo yayo cheni peptides.

Kusiyanisa codons (aizivikanwawo bumbiro mashoko!) By zvavo Serial kubatana uye zvaimirirwa senitrogen yeimwe (nucleotides) hunoumba sezvamunoita yavo.

In genetics nayo vakasarudza govera 64 codon mhando. Vanogona kuumba mubatanidzwa pakubhadhara mana nucleotides ari mumwe 3. kuvaka Izvi zvakafanana kuti nhamba 4 dhigirii rechitatu. Saka, paumbwe 64-nucleotide mubatanidzwa.

2. redundancy pakati majini remitemo

pfuma iyi inogona kurondwa kana encryption mumwe amino iine acid codon kunoda wandei, kazhinji mukati 2-6. Chete amino acids methionine uye tryptophan anogona encoded uchishandisa imwe triplet.

3. The kusiyana

Ndizvo chikamu zvivako zviri majini remitemo sezvo nechiidzo ane utano nemagene nhodzera. Somuenzaniso, mashoko akanaka ezvinhu ropa, zvisingatomboiti Chizenga anogona kuudza vanachiremba akamira panzvimbo wechitanhatu hochekoche Gaa triplet. Ndiye anotakura ruzivo pamusoro Chizenga, uye ndiro encoded glutamic acid. Uye kana munhu achirwara kupererwa, mumwe nucleotides kuchatsiviwa imwe romutemo tsamba - Y, inova chiratidzo chechirwere chacho.

4. chamazuva

Paanenge achinyora zvivako zviri majini remitemo zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti codons sezvo cheni Links vanosarudzirwa kwete munharaunda, uye zvakananga napedyo kune rimwe nucleic iine acid cheni, uye ichi cheni haisi kuvhiringidzwa - risina mavambo kana magumo.

5. pakawanda

Hatifaniri kumbokanganwa kuti zvinhu zvose Pasi navo majini remitemo nevakawanda. Uye nokuti primates uye vanhu, mune tumbuyu uye shiri Centenary BAOBAB uye haawanzotauri vakarangana kubva muvhu uswa akafanana vatatu vari encoded ne amino acids zvakafanana.

It iri kwemajini anokosha mashoko pamusoro ehupfumi ane muviri, purogiramu mhando kuti muviri anogamuchira nhaka kubva kare uye vaigara ikoko ari majini remitemo.