Ngarava yemvura "C-56" muVladivostok: nhoroondo, mufananidzo

Nhoroondo yerwendo rwemvura ine S-56, iyo isinganzwisisiki yakabatana naVladivostok, haisi nyore uye heroic. Achitanga rwendo rwake rwokutanga munaOctober 1942, vashandi vefambasi yemvura vakanga vasingazivi kuti chii chaizoitika kwavari.

Dza

Nhoroondo yendefasi yeS-56 yakatanga musi waNovember 24, 1936. Pazuva rino rakange rakagadzirirwa pachitima chekuvaka zvikepe. Andre Marty, iri muLeningrad. Ikoko akarongedzwa pasi pe nhamba 405. Iyi ngarava, ine zvikamu zvakati, yakatumirwa kuVladivostok kune nhamba yemiti 202 nechitima. Ikoko, uye gungano rekupedzisira rakaitika. Ngarava yakatangwa pamvura makore matatu mushure mekuiswa kwayo, uye yakatumirwa musi waOctober 20, 1941. Ngaraimari sehondo yekurwisana yakakurumidza kunyorerwa kune chikamu chePacific Fleet.

Ngarava "S-56" ndeyomukatikati weIX-bis series. Yakanga yakagadzirwa nehurongwa hwehurumende yeSoviet neimwe yeDutch bureaus, iyo yaiva chikamu chekambani yeGermany Deschimag kutanga kwegore ra1934. Sezvo mutemo, midziyo yekirasi ino yakaratidza kuvimbika uye yakakurumidza kukurumidza. Vakatorwa senheyo apo basa riri muchikepe cheGermany chirongwa cheVII rakatanga. Nenzira, iri gungwa rakashandiswa zvikuru muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagamuchirwa munguva yavo zvinoratidza kuti ndizvo zvakabudirira zvikuru.

Pakazara pane zvingopfuura makumi mana zvikepe zvechimiro "C" muSoviet Navy, yakabudiswa mumitatu mitatu. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwavo kwaiva mahombekombe IX-bis. Vakakwanisa kunyura 19 muvengi wezvikepe. Pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zvezvikepe zvegungwa mumakungwa egungwa, hafu yega yakapera.

Masoja emasoja

March 1943. Inyanzvi yemvura "S-56" chikamu cheNorthern Fleet. Panguva yehondo mutungamiriri wechikepe akanga ari Lieutenant-General GI Shchedrin. Pakazosvika pakati paApril, varwi vake vakadzoka kubva pakuronga kwavo kwekutanga, kwaakakwanisa kunyura mauto maviri emuvengi kamwechete. Pakupera kwemwedzi iwoyo, vafambisi vechikepe vaipiwa mitemo yakawanda uye medaliti, uye pane nyeredzi inoratidzwa muimba yekambani yemvura, chimiro chakaonekwa.

May 1943. Yechipiri yehondo hondo. Chigumisiro chaiva kuparadzwa kweTyrstadt tanker uye kukanganisa kwakanyanya mudziyo weVarteland. Kwegore nehafu chete, kutanga munaEpril 1943 uye kusvika pakuvhurwa 1944, vafambisi vengarava vakaputira ngarava 8, pakati padzo dzaiva imwe muparadzi, mabhazi maviri nematoro ekufambisa, uye zvitatu zvekutakura. Mukuwedzera, vakange vane 4 zvikepe zvakakanganiswa zvakanyanya paakaiti yavo.

Nzira inotyisa kupfuura dzose

Yakaitwa munaFebruary 1944. Maererano nevashandi ve "S-56", rwendo urwu rwakanga rwanyanya kunyanyisa, sezvakangoita vafambisi vengarava vaida kufa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mushure mokurwiswa kwakanaka kwechikepe chevavengi, ngarava iyi yakaenda pakadzika kwakanaka. Zvisinei, yakange yakaonekwa nemurindi wevarindi.

Pakati pezuva iyo ngarava "S-56" yakatevedzwa nezvikepe zvinomwe. Munguva ino, vakakwanisa kudonha mabhesi anopfuura mazana matatu pauri! Pane imwe nguva, kubhururuka kwemafuro kwaiva pasi pekutsvaga, asi basa reboka rakarongedzwa zvakanaka rakabatsira kuburitsa hurumende uye kudzivisa ngozi.

Kuti zvive kure nekutsvaga, zvakasarudzwa kuderedza ruzha kuburikidza nekufambisa motokari magetsi nehafu yekutendeza nekuvhara zvakakwana kwemavhenekeri. Nemhaka yei hydroacoustics, iyo yaiva pazvikepe zvevavengi, yakange isingagoni kuona sarmaine yedu. Panguva iyoyo, kukanganiswa kwekhabhoni dioxide pairi kwakasvika kune hutano hwakakosha hwemazana mana.

Kubudirira kubudirira

Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mutungamiri weS-56 akataurira vashandi vake nehurukuro yaakabvumira vasiri vatsigiri kuenda kuzororo, uye vakakumbira vaKomonisiti kuti vasvike kumiganhu uye vanobata varindi ivo pachavo uye neshamwari dzavo. Yechipiri chekati torpedo yaiva yekutanga kupindura. Vafambisi vechikepe vose sezvavakabvunzwa kuti vazvione ivo makomonisiti. Muenzaniso wavo wakateverwa nemakamuri masara.

Kuti pane imwe nguva vararame, vafambisi vezvikepe vakadira chema, iyo iri mumakadhijiji ekudzoka kwemhepo, kusvika pasi. Akatanga kutora carbon dioxide uye, nokuda kweizvi, vashandi vakakwanisa kupona. Chimbofunga, panzvimbo yemaminitsi 10-15, vafambisi vengarava vakapedza maawa anopfuura 6! Nenguva isipi mitsindo yevavengi yakabva, ichifunga kuti chikepe cheSoviet chakaparadzwa. Pakaitika dambudziko racho, ngarava yacho yakauya. Mutungamiri mukuru akapa vafambisi vezuva zuva rokuzorora, mushure mokunge vakakurumidza kubata mhenderekedzo imwecheteyo, vakamurova, ndokuzozorora imwe nzira yekufambisa.

Achivevements

Mutungamiriri wacho pachake, uye vashandi vake, kwete pasina chikonzero, vakatenda kuti chikepe chavo chaifara. Tongere iwe pachako, panguva yekushandura kuenda kuNorthern Fleet panguva yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga yakawanikwa kuti pane bhodhi rayo kune chigadziro uye chisina kufanirwa torpedo chemuvengi.

Penguva yose yehondo, ngarava ye "S-56" yakagadzira 8 mishandirapamwe umo yakakunda kukunda 14 kukunda, kuparadza 10 uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya zvombo zvehondo zvina nezvimwe zvekutakura vavengi. Nokudaro, yakave iyo ndiyo inobereka zvombo zveSoviet Navy nguva yose yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri maererano nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvakajeka zvinokonzerwa. Pakupera kwaMarch 1944, zvakasarudzwa kupa chikwereti neChirongwa cheBlack Banner. Nokuda kwebasa rakabudirira munaNovember 1944, mutungamiri weS-56, pamwe chete nomutungamiriri G. I. Shchedrin akagamuchira zita reHero we USSR. Pakazara, zvipo zvinopfuura 400 zvakapiwa kune vashandi vanobwinya panguva yehondo. Mukuwedzera, muna February 1945, chikepe chacho chakapiwawo zita revarindi.

Mutungamiri wegungwa remvura gare gare akayeuka kuti kukunda kwaiva kukuru, asi kazhinji kazhinji data yevafambisi vezvikepe ivo pachavo vaisati vawirirane nemashoko ekuchenjera. Kutendeseka, hazvikoshi zvino iye zvino mauto akawanda ehondo nekutakura akaparadzwa kana kuparadzwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti vanhu havana kungopona mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro, asiwo vakabudirira kurwisana nemuvengi ane simba uye ane njere, pane dzimwe nguva kupfuura kupfuura nhamba yavo.

Mumazuva ekutanga kwehondo

Muna 1954, S-56 akadzokera kuFar East, kwaakaramba achiita basa rake, kupinda, sepakutanga, kuPacific Fleet. Nokufamba kwenguva, iyo Navy yakazadzikiswa neyenyasi dzemazuva ano. Nokudaro, iyo inofananidzira "S-56" yakasarudzwa kuti ibve pauto rehondo. Yakashandurwa kuva chidziro uye chidzidzo chekudzidzira kwekudzidziswa kwevechikepe vechidiki.

Kugadzira chiyeuchidzo kumagungwa emvura "S-56" uye kuchikwira pachisungo chechikepe muVladivostok, gungwa iri rakaputsika kuva makamuri uye rakaungana zvakare panzvimbo yekuiswa. Musi waMay 9, 1975, mureza weSoviet Navy zvakare wakasimuka pamusoro pawo. Chikepe-museum chakavhurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakwirira muhupo hwevanhu vatatu vevashandi: murindi weElin, mudzidzisi wemotokari Denisov nemagetsi magetsi Nazarov. Mukukudzwa kweimwe neimwe yegumi nemana ekukunda kwechikepe ichi, sariti yakanzwika.

The Museum

Mumazuva edu muVladivostok, ngarava yemvura "S-56", pamwe chete neimwe shongwe ye "Red Pennant" inenge iri pangara imwe chete. Vatashanyi vokutanga vanopinda muimba yechinomwe, iyo yakashandiswa kuva yakasimba torpedo nekugara panguva imwe chete. Yakaisa mukana wokutsanangurira apo mufananidzo wehondo yekutanga yepasi pehondo "Dolphin" yakaratidzwa. Ichi chikepe chakabatanidzwa mukurwa munguva yeRussia-Japanese War ye 1904-1905. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kuvapo kwemidziyo yakadaro kubva kumhenderekedzo yeVladivostok kwakabatsira kwazvo kudzivirirwa kwaro kunogona kuitika muvengi.

Muchikamu chechitanhatu cheChirangaridzo cheGurban Red Banner sous-marine "S-56" kamwe panga paine magetsi emagetsi, ayo aishandiswa chete nokuda kwekufamba kwawo pasi pemvura. Iye zvino pane chimiro chakatsaurirwa pakuvandudzwa kwezvikepe zveSoviet submarine. Iyo inomiririrwa nemhando dzemasimari ezvikwata zvakasiyana: "L", "D", "K", "C", "M" uye "SCH". Vose vakapinda muchiuto chehondo munguva yehondo, uye yekupedzisira kwepamusoro apa yaiva yekutanga muPacific Fleet.

Muimba yechishanu yaiva injini ye diesel. Yakanga inongowanikwa chete nekushandiswa kwepasi. Iye zvino, chikamu chimwe chechikwata chino chinotaura nezvekufambiswa kwePacific Fleet mushure mehondo uye kusvika kumazana makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira, uye pane imwewo pane muenzaniso wedieleri-magetsi emagetsi emapurojekiti 641. Zvinhu zvemuzinda wevatungamiri uye vashandi vemuSamariya S-56 zvinoratidzwawo pano.

Imyuziyamu haiperi ipapo. Muimba yechina ikoko yaimbova galley neimba yevatungamiri. Iye zvino pane chirevo chakatsaurirwa kuHokunda pamusoro peFascist Germany. Inotaurira pamusoro pekushandiswa kwevatashambadziri vari vaviri muPacific, uye muBaltic, Black Sea uye kumahombekombe ekuchamhembe.

Zvakanga zvakaita sechikepe kubva mukati

Pakati peaifaraimani makamuri matatu akadzorerwa uye ane maitiro ekutanga. Yokutanga yeiyi torpedo-dome. Kune chikwata che torpedoes, motokari dzavo, kutakura uye torpedo hatch, uye mabheki evashandi. Chikamu chechipiri chinoshandiswa sechisimba-chipinda chevatariri. Kwakanga kunewo imba ye hydroacoustics.

Imba yechitatu yaiva nzvimbo yepamusoro yekudzivirira, apo mutungamiriri aivapo uye kubva kune iyo gungwa rekudzivirira gungwa rakaitwa. Munharaunda iyi yefambasi yemvura unogona kuona tafura yefashoni, ye-periscope, uyewo mitsindo yakajeka uye yakajeka.

Mhedziso

Munguva yehondo, vafambisi vengarava vakawana zvakawanda, saka zvakaoma kufungidzira hushingi uye ushingi hwevatasvi vemabhiza avo vakadzivirira nyika yavo vasingadembi upenyu hwavo pachavo. Iye zvino, mushure memazana emakore akawanda, zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti vashandi vechikepe ichi chaive mhuri chaiyo yekurwa, sezvo chikepe chacho chaigara chiine simba zvakasimba pamwe chete, rubatsiro runoshamisa uye ushamwari hwakasimba. MuVladivostok , S-56 munyanzvi yemumitambo yakasununguka kune vashanyi zuva nezuva kubva 10am kusvika 6pm.