The spreadsheet ndechokuti chii? Patafura "Eksele". kushandisa michina kadambari

Sezvo nokubudiswa wokutanga chaizvo Microsoft zvigadzirwa muchimiro yakasimba hofisi Suite munyika nhasi kumwe zvinofadza uye zvakafanira zvokushandisa zviri Spreadsheets. The chaizvo chete spreadsheet akagadzirirwa matambudziko akawanda, uye kwete chete kuita nyore kwemasvomhu kushandiswa, sezvo vamwe vanhu vanoshanda, akadai Excel. Zviri achiri zvinangwa zhinji, somuenzaniso kuti zvisikwa uye sangano Databases. Bvumiranai, nekuti Access - uyewo tafura application. Asi ikozvino, nokuda nyore, tiri kufunga zviri "Excel" spreadsheet, sezvo ivo vari rakajairika.

The spreadsheet ndechokuti chii? tsananguro mukuru

Sezvo vanoremekedzwa mabhuku paIndaneti vanoti, mumwe spreadsheet kana imwe hofisi chikumbiro unokubvumira kusika kana kushanda nayo, ndiko-software chikumbiro kuti rakagadzirirwa kwemasvomhu mabasa uye dzimwe Masvomhu maererano maviri-dimensional arrays kuti mashoko.

The huru kuitika pakushandisa functionality ichi vangazivikanwa zvikuru zvizhinji. Zvisinei, muukama rwevanhu nyaya, tinogona kutaura kuti spreadsheet rakagadzirirwa zvinangwa zvakadaro:

• akarongeka, algebraic nezvimwe Masvomhu;
• kushandisa michina ine computational pezvakaitwa;
• pakusikwa mashoko zvemari;
• akarongeka uye STRUCTURAL ongororo;
• kwemasvomhu Modelling;
• kukarukureta mumanyoro, uye zvichingodaro. d.

Zviri nyore kuona kuti chaizvoizvo zvose anoburuka kune masvomhu nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka. Asi vakawanda zvirongwa anoshanda tabular Data ichifarirwa vanoshandisa pakutanga kuti kushandisa michina yacho kukarukureta angashandiswa kwavari. Nemamwe mashoko, hapana chikonzero neimwe nguva, panongova kutaura, kuti vamwe vasava kuwana zvinodiwa mugumisiro yakafanana kwendangariro. Kuburikidza nzira iyi, kushandiswa Spreadsheets, izvozvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore.

Patafura "Eksele" kana purogiramu yakafanana: STRUCTURAL sangano

Zvino funga chii kana achashanda spreadsheet Excel anotsanangura kuti ndiyo chikamu chipi muhofisi Suite. zvimwe zvirongwa zvose regai kurangarira nekuti sangano ravo riri kusvika yakafanana.

Saka nei vari tafura "Eksele" ari maviri-dimensional siyana mashoko? Just nokuti pakutanga kushandiswa akafanana Coordonatele maviri, kana iwe pedyo nayo kubva nemaonero ari kurongwa geometry. Pane zvinangwa zviviri zvinhu: a spreadsheet misara uye mbiru, chimwe nechimwe anoratidza nhamba uye tsamba (mune dzimwe shanduro Excel - chete nhamba).

Saka kuumbwa muchitokisi rakasiyana kero (semuenzaniso, chiratidzo rokutanga A1). sangano yakadaro iri kuitwa kana uchishandisa Masvomhu vapinda hamusi senguva chimiro, uye aine chiratidzo foni nhamba nezviito kuti zvinoshanda kwavari.

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti spreadsheet yakagadzirirwa kwete chete kushanda maviri-dimensional arrays. Quite nyore, unogona kuwedzera chetatu batanidza muchimiro jira nhamba paaisika muchinjikwa Links, kureva, mune nzira yemaitiro kana ari Statistical kuongorora kunoratidza Links matatu. Izvi zvinobatsira mune ezvinhu yevasungwa ari mumasero pakubhadhara akasiyana mashoko.

Pakupedzisira, tinogona kutaura, uye pamusoro mukana mana-dimensional wakazvigadzira, somunhu kana kugadzwa vavanozivana kushandiswa neimwe jira, mumwe chirongwa zvokunze kana mumwe mafaira ane masero date-akasungwa, kana pezvakaitwa anoitwa kwavari.

Zvinoshanda date mhando

Mashoko akapinda muchitokisi chimwe nechimwe angava akasiyana zvachose hunhu. Zvose zvinoenderana kworudzii chiito zvinofanira kuitwa.

Somuenzaniso, akaratidza Numeric mhando, nokuti algebraic Masvomhu zvinogona kushandiswa Uyezve kuyangarara, kubva muzana, kana masayendisiti notation vanhuwo masvomhu. Sezvakanga zviri nyore, unogona kushandisa zuva uye nguva zvinogona, dzimwe nguva kunogona kubatsira dzibvise kana zvemari marudzi. Panyaya iyi, apo data, pamanyorerwo kwavo kwaita tinoshandurirwa achida chiyamuro.

Pakupedzisira, chero munda, unogona kuisa mashoko format, umo mashoko zvose unoratidzwa muchimiro, iyo inotanga nemashoko kiibhodhi.

Kushandisa nyore Masvomhu

Computer Spreadsheets pakutanga aionekwa evasingatombonamati kwemasvomhu nzira. Uye mumwe nomumwe mushandisi uyo kutotanga kushanda mapurogiramu akadaro, anofanira kudzidza kushandisa kunyange nyore Masvomhu.

Sezvambotaurwa, vari nenzira imwe chimiro. Somuenzaniso, mune chero Munda kuisa chigadzirwa payakavakirwa nhamba masero dzakasiyana haagoni kungoita kunyora 2 X 2. chinangwa ichi, unofanira kutaridzwa chete kero, rakanga inokurukurwa pamusoro. Kufunga kuti tine mbiri izvo riri mumasero pamwe Coordonatele A1 uye B1 (A uye B - mbiru 1 uye 2 - asi spreadsheet pemitsara). Kupinda nzira yemaitiro aishandiswa chinokosha munda pasi toolbars, waiva pakutanga kuratidza Program pamusoro Action kwaenzaniswa uye zvinoratidza zvinodiwa kero. Saka, chinyakare chokuwanziridza payakavakirwa ndiko: = A1 * B1, uye chii nhamba chichakurukurwa akapinda masero, hazvina kukosha. Ndizvo chete nzira pacharo riri ushandiswe mune rwebasa, izvo zvinofanira kuva vakasiyana yapfuura maviri (zvikasadaro Chirongwa zvichaita ndingorasa chikanganiso).

Sezvineiwo uwandu okuzvikudza. Unogona kungoti kunyoresa Kuwedzera (= A1 + B1), asi kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana chiyamuro Data zvaizoitika yakarebesa. Saka zviri nyore tsanangurai rive rose, saka kunyange kushandisa chikwata chaiyo.

Somuenzaniso, nokuti zvinobva A1 kusvika A10 apo kupinda Masvomhu A11 kutaura munda unogona kushandisa pfungwa iyi: = pakuverengwa (A1: A10) kana kungoti tinya nokuzvisarudzira kuti formulaic sero pasi rokupedzisira mazano siyana pamusoro bhatani pamusoro pemapuranga Autosum.

Chokwadi, chete Masvomhu kwakadaro hakungoitwi, uye vose Masvomhu kunzwisisa pacharo nani uchidzidzira.

Relationships uye mharidzo graphical kuti mashoko

No zvishoma zvinonakidza kutarisa uye zvimwe zvinhu chokuita muchinjikwa Zvinyorwa , uye mashoko mharidzo. Tinotanga wechipiri.

Kana munhu haazivi, pahwaro tafura inogona kuumbwa chinokosha mishumo, zvakadai diagrams, berekai simulations ezvinhu akasiyana kana kunyange kuita pfupi uye refu Zvaifungidzirwa, kunyange calculators nemachati vari chete chiduku chikamu anogona chii mapurogiramu akadaro.

Okutarisawo muchikamu kare kutaurwa. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mune kunyorerana zvose kwacho Data akasiyana zvinyorwa (masero, machira nezvimwe mafomu, mafaira, Internet Links, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Pano, munda basa haisi kunyanya shoma. Sezvineiwo, vanozvishandisa vazhinji havazive kunyange chokwadi kuti mune mumwe chete Excel inogona nyore kusika vane mwero mutambo. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - "Snake".

mhedziso

Zvazvinosarira kuwedzera kuti spreadsheet harisi vose pamusoro. Mikana zvirongwa, avo kushandiswa zvakawanda zvikuru, asi kutsanangura zvose, kunyange kupfuura zvipfupi chimiro, hakushandi panyama panguva chido zvose. Naizvozvo, kana uchida kudzidza kushanda matafura uye kushandisa dzichipfekeka zvizere, zvichaita zvakakodzera, sezvo vachiti, kuti peruse zviri hwokugadzira mapepa (kubatsira pakanyorwa mashoko ari chete Excel anomirirwa pa chemhando chechetere).