Zviratidzo uye nhoroondo yeTomsk

Kudzidza nhoroondo yeguta nguva dzose inofadza. Mushure mezvose, nzira yehupenyu yemaguta yakasiyana, uye iwe uchangotanga kufunga nezvechinangwa cheumwe neumwe wavo muupenyu hwemunyika.

Overview

Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro penhoroondo yeTomsk, pamusoro pokuti yakaramba ichingokura uye yakagadziriswa kwemazana emakore mana. Zvinoshamisika kuti kugadzirisa uku kwakagadzirirwa vasungwa nevashandi, asi munguva pfupi yakave yakakosha kudarika mamwe akawanda emaguta. Muna 1991, Tomsk akapiwa nzvimbo yemuguta rekare, sezvo nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvakaitika kare, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakachengetedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.A asteroid (4931) yakatumidzwa zita reguta rino. Guta racho rainziwo nyukliya yemakungwa echikepe K-150 chikepe cheTomsk, chikamu cheRussia Pacific Fleet. Munyori A. Volkov anoyemura gorosi uye zvinomera zveguta, ndicho chikonzero wizard kubva munhau yaibva kuEmerald City!

Nhoroondo yeTomsk yakatiudza kuti guta racho raiva nezita rimwe chete - Siberia Atene. Iwe wakanga uchida kuziva kuti nei akadanwa izvozvo? Zvino enda mberi!

Nheyo yeTomsk nhare

Iri rinoshamisa guta rekare reSiberia rinoshevedza vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye vanochera matongo kunyange nhasi, asi zvose nokuti muna 1604, Tsar Boris akabudisa chirevo pamusoro pekugadzwa kweguta mune "nzvimbo yakasimba nenyasha dzaIshe ...". Nhoroondo yeguta reTomsk inopfuura mazana mana emakore!

Prince Toyan akakumbira rubatsiro kubva kune tsar mukudzivirira nekudzivirirwa kwenyika dzake. Zvadaro mutongi wacho akauyawo nepfungwa yekugadzira guta pedyo neCape yoMumuko weMumuka pedyo neTom River. Nhoroondo yezita rokuti Tomsk iri nyore: guta rinodanwa zita remvura kune mabheti ayo akavakwa. Pakupera kwaSeptember kwegore rimwe chete, kuvaka kweimba yakagadzirwa.

Nhare yeTomsk yakavakwa mumugwagwa "weguta". Pasi pedhi nhare yakanga ine quadrangle, ine nzvimbo ye 0.2 hectares. Kureba kwemasvingo ejeri yakasvika kusvika mamita matanhatu. Paiva nemakumbo mana matsi pamakona. Pasi kuchamhembe uye kwakatarisana, mativi ekumaodzanyemba emadziro akavakwa nemasvingo, uye kureba kwaiva nemasita makumi maviri nemaviri. Munzvimbo yekugara kwekare kwaiva neimba, mavheti, mabheji akasiyana-siyana uye matura, pamwe chete neTatu yeChechi, yakatangwa muna 1606.

Pano paiva neguta duku reTomsk. Nhoroondo yezvikonzero iri nyore, asi hazvibviri kunyatsotarisa kukosha kweguta mumagumo ehurumende yeRussia.

Tomichi akaenderera mberi kusimbisa nekugadzira masvingo matsva ekugara kwekare. Saka, muna 1609, "mumasvingo matatu" kusvika kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweimba, rimwe jeri rakakundwa. Iyo yakareba yakareba yemasvingo ayo yaiva anenge 604 fathoms uye mairi maviri. Akazadza matsi maviri uye magwagwa. Iye zvino nzvimbo yese yezvivako zveTomsk yaiva inenge 4 hectares. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yekusikwa kweTomsk haina kuguma.

Chikamu chinotevera chekuvaka

Imwe jeri yakavakwa muna 1634 kumativi maviri emuRwizi rwaUshayka, sezvo vazhinji vevanhu vomunharaunda vaigara ikoko. Vanhu vomunharaunda vakamutumidza kuti "Lower Ostrog". Chikamu chemoto chakabata Tomsk zvisina kufanira muna 1639 uye 1643. Guta racho rakanyanyisa. Panguva ino muTomsk akambogara vanhu zviuru zviviri. Kubva ava, vanhu vanodarika mazana manomwe, vanhu vomumaguta uye vasicemen.

Mushure mokunge moto muna 1652, vanhu vomumaguta uye vagadziri vemapurisa vakapedzisa kuvaka kwevakakomberedzwa veguta racho.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe, Tomsk inhare yehuni yakakomberedzwa nechepadheta, ine 7 dzakagadzirwa nemigwagwa uye matsi matsi. Dare rekumusoro rakabatanidza nhare kubva kuchamhembe kwemasvingo, uko kwaiva nehombe huru yemugwagwa.

Muna 1734, GF Miller, mutevedzeri wezvakaitika kare, akasvika muTomsk. Mutsara yake anonyora kuti nhoroondo yeheyo yeTomsk inoshamisa, kukura kwayo kunofadza kukurumidza kwayo. Anotaura zvakare kuti nhare yakagadzirwa "pamadziro edzimba akaitwa namatanda", uye pamasvingo pedyo negedhi pane zvombo zvekupfura. Paiva pane imwe shongwe-yechinomwe, neunyanzvi. Yakanga iri yeChechi yeUtatu. Pamberi penhare yaiva jeri duku, muzana remakore rechigumi nemana mukati mavo rakashungurudzika vakatapwa veSweden.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, guta rakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvinomwe. Nhare dzeguta dzakanga dzisati dzachengetedzwa. Uye muguta racho pacharo raiva:

• 7 machechi.
• 1 monastery.
• 237 zvitoro = mitsara mitatu yebhizimisi.
• 1500 dzimba dzeguta.
• Vagari 7 500.

Nhoroondo yeTomsk, yakanyorwa mu annals, inoti muna 1723 muguta racho raigara vanenge 9 000 vagari vemarudzi akasiyana.

Pane kugara muguta

Tomsk yava nharaunda yeSiberia maererano nehupfumi, geography uye zvematongerwo enyika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Ngationgororei.

Kutanga, Tomsk ndiyo inzvimbo iyo makirasi eCossack akabuda kuzotarisana nenyika dzisiri dzorugare kubva kumakomo eAltai, Yenisei kumusoro inosvika kumagwenga eTransbaikalia uye kunyange kumhenderekedzo yePacific Ocean! Yaiva mushumiri weTomsk uyo akaisa migwagwa yekutanga kune aya eSiberia.

Chechipiri, nheyo yekutanga yezvemari yekugadzirwa kweguta iri kurima. Izvo zvinotevera kuti Tomsk ndeyemapura emarima eRussia. Nenguva isipi guta rinooneka uye rinokura chikwata. Iko kare muna 1626 muguta racho maiva nevashambadzi vanopfuura makumi maviri. Pashure pemakore makumi matatu, nhamba iyi inowedzerwa ne 2.5 nguva. Mune mamwe makore zana pakati pevagari veTomsk kune vanopfuura 380 vanogadzira zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakati pavo maiva masters vadzidzisi: icons, bronzes, varindi, etc. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe, sezvinoratidzwa nenhau yeguta reTomsk, kusveta kwesimbi kunotangira pamabhizimisi. Matanda kushandiswa uye kuveza kwakave kwakasvika pakakwirira. Urongwa hweTomsk hunotsigira izvi. Nhoroondo yezvivako zveTomsk ichaongororwa gare gare.

Chechitatu, guta racho rokutanga kwazvo uye rakakurumidza rikava guru guru rekutengesa, sezvo rakagadzirwa munzvimbo iri nechekumaodzanyemba kweSiberia. Tomsk ndiyo nharaunda yekufambisa kwevanhu vanobva kuSiberia.

Educational Institutions

Munharaunda yeSiberia, Tomsk ave ari kutungamira muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemasangano edzidzo kwemakore zana. Iko kare muna 1878 yekutanga Imperial University muRussia kunze kweUrials yakavhurwa muguta rino.

Yunivhesiti inonzi after VV Kuibyshev inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yunivhesiti yekare kudarika muSiberia neFar East. Nhoroondo yeTomsk yakaratidza kuti yakavakwa muna 1880. Makore anoverengeka gare gare, masangano ezvokurapa uye emitemo akazarurirwa mune sangano. Mukuwedzera, zvikoro zvezvechiremba uye zvezvehutano zvakagadzwa pachishandiswa Tomsk State University.

Muna 1976 muTTU mazano pamusoro penzira dzakasvinudzwa:

• Physical;
• Radiophysical;
• Mechanical uye mathematical;
• Nyama uye teknolojia;
• Geological and geographic;
• Applied mathematics;
• Kemikari;
• Soil-biological;
• Mutemo;
• Philological;
• Historical;
• Economic;
• Dzidzo yakadzika;
• Graduate school;
• Zvirongwa zvekugadzirira uye zvinyorwa.

MuTTU, masangano ekutsvakurudza akazarurirwa muminda ye mechanic uye masvomhu, biology, uye biophysics. Iko kune yunivhesiti iyo yebindu rebhodani uye masamamziyamu akawanda:

• Mineralogical;
• Paleontological;
• Zoological;
• Archaeology;
• Ethnography;
• Herbarium.

Iraibhurari yezvesayenzi inowanikwa pamararamiro ayo mamiriyoni matatu mazana.

Ihosteliti yevadzidzi veTU yakavakwa muna 1883 zvakakwana pamari yakabhadharwa yakabhadharwa. Mumakamuri maiva nemidziyo nemidziyo inofanirwa kurarama upenyu hwakanaka hwevadzidzi. Vaiva neimba yokudyira uye raibhurari kwavari. Uye urongwa huri muhofisi yakateverwa nemukuru.

Nezvekuzorora uye tsika dzehupenyu hweguta, zvino muzana ramakore rechi19 kwakange kwavhurwa vanhu vephilharmonic, mafirimu nemamisimusi.

Dzimwe nhamba

Kuvhurwa kweTomsk State University kwakanyanyisa kuchinja mararamiro ehupenyu - yakagadziridzwa nehupamhi. Izvi hazvishamisi, kubvira makore zana mushure mekuvhura yunivhesiti, vanenge 2 000 vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi nevatsvakurudzi vakanyorwa, iyo inenge makumi mapfumbamwe makumi mapfumbamwe nemaprofesa uye vanachiremba vezvidzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana, vaporofesa vanosvika 450 vanofananidzira, uye nhamba yevadzidzi yakapfuura 8,000.

Ikunze kweguta racho

Nhoroondo yedzimba dzeTomsk dzinoti matongerwo emapuranga nemagadzirirwo epanguva iyoyo aisava nehutano hwakasimba chete, asiwo maitiro anoyevedza, mazamu anoyevedza, maitiro akanaka uye zvinoshamisa zvakavezwa zvakavezwa.

Nhasi, dzakawanda zvivako zvakachengetedzwa, izvo zvicharatidza vaenzi veguta kutarisa kwemazana maviri emakore apfuura. Chechi yeKumuka, yakagadzirwa mu baroque style, yakanaka chaizvo. The Dst Dst on the Piazza Square, yakagadzirwa nematombo, inotarisawo zvinoshamisa. Kune zvivako zvakagadzirwa nenzira yeklassicism:

• Mutongi (1802-1812).
• Kupinda nzvimbo (1830-1842 gg.).
• Shanduro yakaoma (1854-1854 gg.).
• Chivako chekutanga cheTTU (1880-1885 gg.).

Mune miti yakawanda, yakachengetedzwa masango emasango, yakawanda yematombo uye zvivako zvehuni ane mavara akasiyana-siyana ndiwo maitiro anosiyanisa mumigwagwa yeTomsk. Nhoroondo inotitaurira muguta iri rakasiyana nemapuranga emapuranga, asi, nhamo, nhamba yakawanda yezvivakwa zvehuni zvakaparadzwa nemoto wakawanda. Uye nhasi, kutenga imba yemunyika, Tomsk vanhu vanorongedza mahwindo aro nemasuo ane zvigadziro zvehuni, vanochengetedza zvakasimba tsika dzebhedheni reSiberia. Vagari vomumisha vanogadzirawo dzimba dzavo mumasango eTomsk.

Kwamunoenda

Institution	Address	Zviratidzo
Local History Museum	Prospekt Frunze, 2	Yakatangwa muna March 1922 muimba yaTomsk mumiri wegoridhe I. D. Astashev. Kubatsira pakuumbwa kwechiratidziro uye zviratidzo zvemu museum zvakapiwa neTrakoakov Gallery uye Rumyantsev Museum
Museum of Wooden Architecture	Prospect Kirov, 7	Imyuziyamu iri mune chivakwa-chivako chekuvakwa kweRussia yehurumende inokosha. Imba inovakwa nematanda, kubwinya kunoitwa muArt Nouveau chimiro. Muenzaniso wekuMusamusi uri padhoro repiri uye kunyange muimba yepamusoro. Mari iyi inenge inenge 200 maonesheni, uye zvinhu 300 zvakachengeterwa ikoko kwechinguva
Chikumbaridzo cheMufaro	Shevchenko Street, 19	Mufananidzo wakafanana nemhumhi une rimwe zita - "Ndichariimba iye zvino." Yakavhurwa kwete kare kare, muna 2005. Mhumhi inomirira mufaro, maererano nemunyori weprojekiti Leontia Usov
Monument to the ruble	The Area Novo-Cathedral	Kurema kwemari yehuni kunenge 250 kg. Mipiro yakadai kubva paini inourawa. Kutanga, kubvira pakuparadzwa kwehunyoro, yakafukidzwa nemhinduro yakasarudzwa, asi gare gare "yakaiswa" mune imwe purasitiki yakajeka bhokisi
Museum of History Kubva muguta reTomsk	Bakunin Street, 3	Imamziyamu yakazarurwa kune vashanyi munguva pfupi yapfuura, muna 2003. Chiratidziro chinonzi "The First Century Tomsk"
The Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, 8	Imwe yekare makedhedral eTomsk. Yakagadzirwa muna 1630
Planetarium	Prospect Lenina, 82, kuvaka 1	Pamusoro pe TSU
Theatre "Skomorokh" Nzvimbo yeR. R. Vindermann	Area of Salt, 4	Iyi yemitambo yakazarura mikova yayo kune vashanyi mumakore makumi mana ezana remakore rechi20. Iyi nzvimbo yakanaka kukushanyira nevana vaduku, sezvo zviitiko zvose zvinotungamirirwa nekubatanidzwa kwemadhora
Museum of Slavic Mythology	Zagornaya Street, 12	Imwe musumamende makuru muUals. Chiratidziro chacho chinoratidzika zvakaratidzwa. Easel kuvepa, zvigadzirwa - zvose izvi zvinoenderana nemanzwiro edu, pamwe chete nechinangwa chevhangeri dzeRussia. Yekare yeRussia inouya kuhupenyu mumaziso evakashamba museum

Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutarisirwa nevashanyi veguta

Sezvo Tomsk iri guta rekare reSiberia, pane dzakawanda zvivakwa zvekare. Nhasi vane museum, mabanki, mahofisi ehurumende. Kune machechi akawanda eOrthodox muguta, kune chechi uye kunyange musikiti. Nhasi, kune dzimwe nyika dzeTomek nhare yakamboshanda vunivhesiti shanu, vateereri vanotamba pachikwata chemufananidzo wechitambo. Nhamba huru yezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinonakidza zvinoshongedza mumigwagwa yeguta racho. Asi kunze kweguta kune zvikwangwani zvisingashamisi uye zvinokosha!

Saka, somuenzaniso, kumusoro kweRwizi Basandayki, matsime anenge 15 nemvura inoshamisa inoporesa ari kurova. Zvitatu zvinokwana vanhu vanonzi "Talovsky ndiro." Zita rakadaro rekufananidzira ravakagamuchira kubva kumarara emarara, ravari. Kuenda kumucheto kwerwizi, izvo zvikamu zvinoumba rusvingo rwemasikati, uye zvinosviba nokuda kwezvakanyorwa zve manganese oxide. Iyo ndiro yakakura ine zviyero:

• Rusvingo ukuru - 30 cm;
• Kureba - 1 mamita;
• Kureba - 4 mamita.

Vanotaura kuti mvura yeTalovskaya haisi kungorapa chete, asi inofadzawo kutora. Ichokwadi chokuti pasi pemamiriro echando akaoma mamiriro acho aya haafaniri kushamisika.

Tomsk chimiro chakakosha mune zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingakodzeri kutarisirwa kupfuura temberi kana Gostiny Dvor.

Mhedziso

Nhoroondo yeTomsk yakazara muzviitiko uye chokwadi. Iri guta iri kukura nokukurumidza uye richikura. Kwemazana mazana emakore zvasvika kuti maguta mazhinji aisagona kutora kwemakore ane chiuru.

Guta rakagadzira uye rakagadzira hurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana. Nhasi dambudziko guru nderokuchengetedza uye kuidzidzira. Mukuwedzera, Tomsk ine rimwe dambudziko-kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vezvakaitika kare, zvido zvekusika zveAthena yeAthena - nhoroondo yematsika. Nhamba yakawanda yezviyero yakatorwa, asi kune zvakawanda zvingaitwa nezviremera.

Nhoroondo yeTomsk muchidimbu uye inoratidzira inoratidza kune vashanyi veguta racho hukuru, kubudirira uye kubudirira.

Vatashanyi vakashanyira Tomsk, vanoti haugoni kubatsira kugumburwa neguta rino. Vakaiona yakachena uye yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka. Iyo inocherechedza kuti vatyairi vanoremekedzwa kune vanofamba-famba. Vakadzi vakarondedzera iro seguta rakanaka uye rinonakidza. Varume chaizvo vanofarira Museum of Tomsk Beer. Pasinei nokuti guta rinoonekwa sekare, kune vakawanda vechidiki vari mairi vanodzidza kumayunivesiti ehurumende uye makoroji.

Iwe unogona kusvika kuguta rino rakanaka uye rekare nemapurani, chitima, bhazi uye, hongu, nemotokari. Kubva kuNovosibirsk, ngaive pfupi: 250 km - uye iwe uripo.