The Crimean War

Hondo yeCrimea ye 1853-1856 yakatanga kufambiswa seRussian-Turkish imwe. Nyaya yekumanikidzwa yakanga iri kutonga kuMiddle East.

Hondo yeCrimea, iyo inokonzerwa nekukura kwesangano rekusununguko rwenyika muHurumende yeOttoman uye kuoneka kwekuderera kwesimba reSultan, panzvimbo yekutsigira hurumende, zvakakonzera kukanganisa simba rekunze nekunze kwemasarasi.

Nicholas 1 akatsvaga kupindira munyaya dzeTurkey kuitira kuti kudzivisa kubuda kwemaropa kubuda. Muna 1850, hurumende yeNapoleon kubva kuna Abdulmajid (Turkish sultan) yakakumbira kuti vafundisi veKaturike muPalestina vape "kiyi kuna Ishe weHolly." Nezveizvi, vapristi veOrthodox muJerusarema vakatendeukira kuna Nicholas 1 kuti vabatsirwe. Russia Tsar akatumira Menshikov (mumiririri wake asinganzwisisiki) kuConstantinople muna 1853.

Prince Menshikov, mune chimiro chekupedzisira, akarayira kuTurkey. Akakumbira kubva kumutungamiri weTurkey kuti aone kubata kwaNicholas 1 pamusoro pezvidzidzo zveOrthodox muTurkey. Zvinyorwa zveMenshikov zvakarambwa neSultan, zvakatsigirwa neFrance neGreat Britain.

Mutongi weRussia, abvisa mumiriri weTurkey, anorayira kuparadza mauto ake muhurumende dzeDanube. Muna 1853 musi waJune 21, masangano eRussia, asina kusangana nezvipingamupinyi munzira yavo, akapinda mahofisi aive mune rimwe sultan.

Kuwedzera kwekukakavadzana kwakabatanidzwa nekuti hapana simba rimwe reEurope rakagutsikana nekusimbiswa kweRussia pamutengo wemaTurkey. Kuongorora kweSrussia kweSarar isina kukodzera yemamiriro ezvinhu munyika kwakaita kuti kuparadzaniswa kwevematongerwo enyika kuRussia. Izvi zvakagadzirisa migumisiro yezvinoitika zvehondo zvekuuya.

Kuitwa kwemauto kwakatanga muna 1853, musi waOctober 23, pamuromo weDanube. Mumadekwana eNovember 28, musungwa weTurkey 5,000 wakasimba wakarwisa Batumi naPoti pamusana weSt. Nicholas. Izvi zvakaratidza kutanga kwemabasa ehondo mundima yeCaucasus. Pano nzvimbo yevarwi veRussia yakanga yakaoma. Kurwisana nehondo kwakarambidza kushorwa kwevanokunda.

November 18 vakaona hondo yeSinop. Kukunda kwezvikepe zveRussia, zvakarayirwa naNakhimov, zvakanga zvakakosha. Vafambisi veRussia, vasina kurasikirwa nechikepe chimwe chete, vakatumira maTurkey squadron kusvika pasi. Mutungamiriri Osman Pasha akabatwa.

Hondo yeCrimea yakaenderera mberi nekupinda mune zvechiuto zveFrance neBrithani. Muna 1853, musi waDecember 23, mapurisa eFrance neBritish, apfuura Bhoporus, akapinda muGungwa Dzvuku. Hurumende yeRussia, zvakare, yakaita nokuzivisa hondo kuFrance neBritain muna 1854, musi waFebruary 9.

Munyika yose ye 1854, mabwendefa eFrance neBritish akaita zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana mumigwagwa yakasiyana-siyana pamatunhu akasiyana-siyana eRussia.

Hondo yeCrimea yaiva nehasha zvakakwana. Mauto eRussia akarayira Menshikov, avo vaifunga kuti kuitika kwemuvengi hakubviri muCrimea. Pakazosvika rwizi rweArma, akakundwa, achiedza kumisa vaFrance neBritish. Anoenda kuSevastopol, uyezve kuBakhchisarai.

Hondo yeCrimea yakaenderera mberi nekukombwa kweSevastopol. Bombardment yokutanga yakaitwa muna 1854, musi waOctober 5. Zvisinei, guta racho rakapindura nemoto kubva pfuti. Kukomba kweSevastopol kwakatanga kudhonza kunze. Reinforcements dzakasvika kubva kuRussia. Menshikov akasarudza kurova shure kwemuvengi, asi akakundwa musi waOctober 24 muhondo yeInkerman.

Muna 1854, musi waDecember 28, musangano wevamiriri veRussia, Austria, France, uye Great Britain yakaitirwa muVienna. Mibvunzo yorugare yakakurukurwa. Zvisinei, hapana zvibvumirano zvakasayirwa maererano nekufa kwaNicholas 1. Alexander 2 haana kushinga kugamuchira mamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa mberi.

Mukutanga kwa1855, Hondo yeCrimea yakaenderera neSardinia, iyo yakapinda mairi. Gorchakov, achiedza kuderedza kuparadzwa kweSevastopol, akarwisa muvengi kuRwizi Chernaya. Zvisinei, akakundwa, iyo, pakuguma, yakagara yatarisa kugwa kweguta racho.

Nyamavhuvhu 7 yakanga ichibatwa naMalakhov Kurgan.

Muna 1855, munaDisemba, kushanda kwemauto kwakaguma pamativi ose. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutaura pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvakare kwakatanga zvakare. Mumazuva ekupedzisira aFebruary 1856, Paris Congress yakavhurwa. Akapedzisa basa rake musi waMarch 18 nemhedziso yeChipatano cheKunyararo cheParis.