Nhoroondo yemabviro emari

Nhoroondo yematangiro emari inobva munguva dzakare kare. Kusvikira imwe nguva, kutengeserana kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekutsinhanisa kwezvinhu. Asi kana imwechete yakaenzana yakaiswa, iyo yaizove iripo pamisika yekutengesa, kuenzanisa kukosha.

Basa reiyo rakaenzana rakaitwa pakutanga nezvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, somuenzaniso, muIceland yekare - nyika yevabati vehove uye vafambisi vegungwa - "mari" yaionekwa sehove (zvose zvakatengwa uye zvakatengeswa nekodhi). Mune nhetembo dzaHomer, nhamba yehando dzakaratidza kukosha kweimwe kana chimwe chigadzirwa.

Nenzira, pfungwa ye "mari" inotangira inowanikwa nezwi rokuti "mombe". Nokudaro, yekare yehurumende yeRussia pfuma yepamusoro yakanzi "mombe yemombe", uye muchengeti wehurumende ainzi "mombe-mukomana", asi muchivigiro chakawanikwa zvishongo zvegoridhe nemafuta.

Munguva dzekare, kushandiswa kwekugara kwezvimwe zvinhu nevamwe kwakaunza kukanganisa kukuru kune vatengesi. Paiva nechido chekugadzira dare rakaenzana. Saka izvo zvaidiwa nokuda kwekubuda kwemari.

Muna 1200 BC, mutauro weChina wakarongedzwa mushure memahombekombe . Akasarudza "mari". Nokudaro, zvishoma nezvishoma kupinda kwehupenyu hunogara hwakaenzana nehupenyu hwakatanga.

"Monet" yainzi Juno (mwarikadzi muAkare yeRoma), mune temberi yake muzana remakore rechitatu. BC. E. Ikoko kwaiva neminwe.

Sirivha mari yakava iyo yekutanga yakawanda uye yakareba kwenguva refu. Zvimwe kukosha kwemari ndezvakachengetedzwa munyika yanhasi. Zvishandisi zvemidziyo zvakashandiswa pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Yakawanda yakanga iri yemhangura, ndarama, sirivha. Munyika yemazuva ano, kugadzirwa kweshanduko yemari inogadzirwa nemagetsi akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira aluminium, nickel nezvimwe zvinhu.

Nhoroondo yemangwana yemari yakabatana zvikuru nekuzvipira zvakanyorwa. "Zvipikirwa zvokubhadhara" zvakatanga kuChina. Ivo vaimiririra maitikiti, ayo akabudiswa pasi pemamwe maitiro, ayo akaiswa kuzvivako zvakakosha zvekuchengetwa.

Vatsvakurudzi vekukwanisa havakwanisi kureva zvakananga nyika iyo nhoroondo yematangi emari inotanga. Zvinotendwa kuti mari yekutanga yakabudiswa muzana remakore rechinomwe. BC. E. Nhoroondo yesimbi yakatanga panguva iyoyo muChina. Izvo nyika yakatanga kubudisa mapepa emapepa, zvisinei, zvizhinji gare gare (muzana remakore re8 AD). Munyika yeZuva Rinosimudza, vafambi vakawanda vaingouya kuzoona mari yekutanga.

Nhoroondo yezvakabva mari (pepa) muChina yakabatana zvikuru nekuonekwa kwevokutanga vanyengeri. Ichokwadi ndechokuti panguva iyoyo mapepa mapepa anogona kugoverana zvakasununguka zvegoridhe kupfuura vanhu vakawanda uye vakamhanyira kushandiswa.

Sezvaunoziva, mhizha yekutanga yekudhinda yakaumbwa na Gutenberg muna 1440. Zvechokwadi, yakanga yakaitirwa kuburitsa mabhuku, asi pasina nguva yakashandiswa kusunungura mari. Nokudaro, nzira inokurumidza uye nyore yekuita mabhenji akaonekwa.

Kuvhurwa kwekutanga kuCentral State Bank muSweden kwaive chiitiko chakakosha kwehupfumi hwepasi rose. Zvakaitika muna 1661.

Kwemazuva mazhinji, hapana imwe nyika yakasarudza kuzarura mabhanga kumba. Uye muna 1801 Bhuku rekutanga reBentral Bank rakaonekwa muFrance.

IUnited States yakapinda mune hupfumi hutsva huri muna 1824 nokuunza mari dzisingabatsiri, izvo zvakanyanya kurerutsa kubhadhara kwekutenga kukuru. Muna 1944, inozivikanwa mune mari yenyika "American dollar" yakasvika pakuparadzirwa.

Mukutanga kwema1990, pakanga pane mari yekutanga yemagetsi, iyo iyo nhamba huru yevatengi vanogona kubhadhara kutenga Internet.

Muna 2002, imwe mari inonyatsozivikanwa, iyo euro, yakapinda mumagetsi. Munyika dzakawanda dzenyika inoshandiswa semari yenyika.