Poneva chii? Russian ponyva: tsanangudzo, mifananidzo

Rumutsiriro rwekufarira mumitambo yenyika iyo inogona kuonekwa munguva pfupi ichangobva kufungidzirwa zvipfeko zvevanhu vemazana emakore akapfuura, kunyanya sezvo mamwe mashoko ave kwenguva refu akanyangarika muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Semuenzaniso, poneva ndiro jira revakadzi, iro raiva chikamu chechikamu chechipfeko chevakadzi vechiSlavic, uye zvino chave chakanganwika.

Chii chinonzi pona

Kurira kwakarurama kweshoko iri "ponova", uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzavakataura uye "kunzwisisa". Kubva kwaro ikozvino kwakanganwika. Asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare nevanyori vemitauro vanodavira kuti poneva ndiro jira, chidimbu chejira, chifukidzo, uye pane imwe nguva vakazvitumidza kuti nyaya, kwete zvipfeko. Kunyangwe pane imwe shanduro inomutsa zita rokuti "poneva" kune shoko rokuti "mwenga", kunyanya, "poneste". Zvichida, pfungwa iyi yakananga yakarurama, sezvo chikwata ichi chinoputika chakapfekwa nevakadzi vakaroora kana vasikana. Yakanga yakasakara pamusoro pekunze uye yakanga yakareba kwenguva refu, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika kumhuru, kuratidzira kuvekesa pamusika.

A bit of history

Kuvhara, kuungana pamabhanhire, jasi rine chinyorwa chekare. Pane imwe nguva iri kure, chipfeko chokutanga chaive ganda remhuka, uye ipapo-chidimbu chejira chakavharidzirwa muhudyu.

Mumazuva ekare, Slavic vanhu poneva yakanga isingarambiki yezvipfeko zvevakadzi uye rudzi rwechiratidzo chekugovana zvakaoma kwemudzimai wemurume. Ponevu yekutanga yakapa amai, uye kazhinji yaiva tsika yakakosha, rudzi rwekutanga, kuratidzira kuiswa kwemusikana kuva munhu mukuru. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, tsika yekupfeka jira iri yakaitwa nevasikana, uye dzimwe nguva nehama.

Asi gare gare, pane imwe nzvimbo yakapoteredza muzana remakore rechiXV, poneva yakatanga kuonekwa seyemapfekete chete, uye izwi rokuti "ponevnitsa" mumasangano evakuru uye kunyanya vatengesi vakatanga kushevedza vakadzikadzi vekuberekwa kwakadzika uye vagari vomunharaunda.

Uye muzana rezana remakore rechina, kuisa pidhoni kunyange mumisha kwaiva pakufananidzira. Vasikana vacho vakanga vachiri kupfeka jira iri panguva yekugadzira mifananidzo kana kuti shure kwayo, asi muhupenyu husingaperi hwaisambopfeka.

Zviri nyore uye zviri nyore

Chii chakanga chakaita sechishongo? Mufananidzo wacho unonyatsoratidza kuti yakanga iri mutsara wakawanda wejira. Akashandura muhudyu uye akasunga chifukidzo (kana grog) pamberi kana kumativi. Mhedziso yejasi inogona kukanganiswa, somuenzaniso, paaishanda musango kana kuti kuzvirumbidza nemucheka wakaisvonaka pahembe. Iyi nzira yekupfeka poneva yainzi "kulk".

Russia poneva iri nyore uye inoshanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, harutsvaki unyanzvi hwakakosha uye matarenda ekugadzirwa kwayo. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvipfeko zvakanyatsonaka. Aipfeka jasi rechitsipa chakaoma, kazhinji kacho mvere. Kunyangwe dzimwe nguva tsvina yemvere yakashandiswa chete mumatare, uye nokuda kwechitubu, hemp kana kuti flaxseed yakashandiswa. Mukupfeko kwakadaro kwaive kuchidziya, izvo zvinokosha mumamiriro ekutonhora. Asi kusanzwisisika kwakaoma kwechekwa kwakange kushambidzwa muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, izvo zvakashanda kwete chete sechishongo, asi zvakare zvaive nezvakaoma zvakafananidzira zvinoreva.

Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo

Munguva yakapfuura, hupenyu hwevanhu hwakazadzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinokosha kuti munhu ave zviratidzo zvitsvene zvakashandiswa kune midziyo, akacheka pamativi emadzimba, akavezwa pamatafura. Nekushongedza, zvipfeko uye zvinyengeri mumwe anogona kunzwisisa hutano hwehukama hwemunhu, wake wemhuri, chikwata chemhuri uye kunyange nemakore.

Izvo zvisiri izvo zvinomiririra uye tsika dzetsika. Ponevha chikamu chinokosha chekufuka kwevakadzi, chakashongedzwa nezviratidzo zvehupenyu uye kubereka, zviratidzo zvezuva uye floral ornamentation.

Zvinyorwa zveponevy zvaive nemufananidzo - gango remivara yakasiyana. Kugadzirisa kwezvikwata zvakananga uye zvisinganyatsogadziriswa, kugadzira zvikwereti kana zvigadziko - ndiro chiratidzo chekare chekurima, chiratidzo chekudyara munda. Inowanzowanzoonekwa mune zvishongo uye kuvekesa kwepfeke dzevakadzi.

Poneva yakavezwa yakashongedzwa neshinda. Yakanga yakasungirirwa mukati mehemi uye masvingo emativi dzimwe nguva mumiganhu yakawanda. Pamusoro pawo pakanga pane zvishongo zvemavara zvakagadzirwa nemaruva uye zviratidzo zvezuva maererano nemitambo, mabhero uye nyere. Dzimwe nguva kusunga kwakagadzirwa nemucheka wendarira, kureva, yakarukwa nematanda. Aiva nyaya yekudada, nokuti zvose zvakaitwa nemaoko ake.

Vakadzi vakwegura vaifungidza mbiru dzavo dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kune zvavo, vachisiya rimwe rutivi ruduku.

Mhando dzepenev

Iko pony skirt yaiva nemhando dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nehupenyu hwehutengo.

1. Vatatu-vanoita zvepabonde, eine matatu matatu asiri akaiswa pasi, akabatanidzwa nebhanhire-gashnikom. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, chikwata ichi chaive pakutanga apo chidimbu chekudzivirira chakanga chisatibvumira kuti tive nejira refu.
2. Swashbuckling, inowanzonzi "racks rakasiyana". Muchiitiko ichi, zvidimbu zvitatu zvemucheka zvakasimbiswa mune rimwe jira rekwangwani. Akapfeka ponevy akacheka padivi kana mberi.
3. Matsi - zvikamu zvitatu zvemucheka zvakagadzirwa "matsi", kureva kuti, ponya yakashanduka kuva jasi rinowanzogara.
4. Matsi nechokupomerwa. Icho chinotanga chikamu chechina chechigadziko, kazhinji chezvinhu zvakasiyana uye ruvara. Yaiwanzoiswa mukati mechikamu cheponyoni, yakagadzirwa shoma uye yakashongedzwa nekarukwa kana tambo. Zvakabuda chimwe chinhu sepuroni. Dzimwe nguva zvakapfuura zvakafukidzwa nemicheka.

Muvara uye zvinoreva

Poneva haisi skirt iri nyore. Nemavara ezvinyorwa uye sero zvaive zvichikwanisika kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yemukadzi. Nokudaro, mumatunhu eTula, Tambov neRyazan, uko rudzi rwekare rweViatichi rwakararama, rwakasarudza penevs rwebhuruu remafuro, uye kuchamhembe kweRyazan - dema. Mitsara yakaumba masero yakanga yakarukwa nemucheka kana machena. Asi mune imwe nzvimbo yeguta reKasimov, pipu dzvuku dzaidzora cage yebhuruu. Muchena iwoyo wakanga wakapfeka muOrel, Smolensk uye Voronezh.

Muvara wezvipfeko zvaizoita masero zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana, asi paiva nemavhenekera, madema uye matsvuku-mavara matatu makuru ayo maSlav aifarira.

Poneva nemaoko ake

Mukare, mukadzi wese aiziva kuchera, handina kuda muenzaniso weizvi. Zvechokwadi, rudzii rwemuenzaniso rungangodaro ruvara rwemakona, kana rutivi rwakagadzirwa, ruvara rwejira? Iyo chete, uye kunyange zvishoma zvinyengeri, ndeyokuisa bhanhire regarta kumusoro kwejasi. Yakava yerudzi rwekudanidzira.

Izvi mabhanhire zvinogona kugadziriswa kubva kumvere dzemvere dzemvere kana dzemicheka sechimiro chetambo kana kubva kumucheka mutsvuku wakashongedzwa nemabhuru.

Kana zvisinei hazvisi pachena, kuti peneva yakavharwa sei, mufananidzo uchabatsira mune izvi kuti unzwisise. Inoratidza maitiro emhando mbiri dzejasi: nekare uye kusvetuka kusina. Muchiitiko chekutanga oblique mitsetse inoratidzira yekare, uye pamwe nemutsara wekurohwa bhaket-bhanhire yakaiswa.

Kukomba mapaidhoni, mavara, micheka, uye zvinosungirirwa kana mashizha, kunyange zvazvo zvaisati zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya kushandiswa mumipendero yakadaro: nokuti varimi vaidhura, uye ruzha rwavo haruna kupfeka chero kupi zvako.

Pasinei nokuti Pona ainyanya kushambidza zvisikwa zvezuva nezuva, akaita zvekuita basa. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza, mucheka wakafananidzwa uye kubatana kwakatsvuka kwekundu, bhuruu, machena uye mavara machena kwakaita kuti skirt iyi ive basa chaiyo rehupenzi nemishonga.