Tsar Ivan inotyisa. Biography nemakore ehurumende

Ivan uyo anotyisa aiva mumwe wevaya vakasiya chiratidzo chinooneka munhoroondo yehurumende yeRussia. Urwere uye makore ekutonga kwake akanga azere nekunyengera, kurwisana uye hondo dzemasimba. Apo paakanga ari pachigaro choumambo, kereke dzakawanda uye kuchinja kwechiuto zvakaitwa. Saka Ivan ndiani anotyisa?

Hupenyu hwake huzere nematambudziko uye kukunda. Akasara nherera achiri muduku (baba vake vakafa paakanga ava nemakore matatu uye amai vake vaiva nemakore manomwe), akararama mumamiriro ekurwa kusingaperi kwemasimba. Uye sezvo iye akanga ari mutsimba mukuru wechigaro cheushe, akave munhu asingazviiti akaurayiwa kana kuti ari mubatsiri muhupenyu hwose hwekuuraya. Chete muna 1547 Ivan akakwira zvakakwana pachigaro. Kunyange zvazvo akapiwa huri kuyaruka, yakava pasi pesimba reMambo waGlinski. Mugore rimwe chete pakanga pane mhirizhonga, iyo yakamisa mutemo wavo usingaiti. Murevereri wamambo wechidiki ndiye mudzidzisi wake wemweya Sylvester. Kuda kukakavadzana nekupanduka kwakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevechidiki Ivan the Terrible. Nhoroondo yake kubva pakuberekwa yakanga izere nezviitiko zvakadaro.

Achitya mambo muduku, Sylvester akamumanikidza kuti apfidze uye achenese nyika yevanopa mazano vasingadi Mwari. Pakusimbirira kwake, paramende itsva yakasarudzwa, iyo yakatora dzimwe kodzero kubva kumakomana. Muna 1550 Ivan vakapfidza uye akayanana nehurumende. Paramende idzva yakagamuchira kunyunyuta kwevanhu pamusoro pekudzingwa uye kupambwa. Panguva ino, kwakave nekuwanda kwekuchinja mumitemo yenyika. Mutemo weMutemo wakadzokororwa, sarudzo yemitemo. Zemsky self-hurumende yakatangwa uye kuchinja kwakasiyana kwakaitwa mumitambo yechechi, tsika dzevanhu nekutonga kwechechi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja kwechiuto kweIvan The Terrible kudarika. Mambo akaparadzanisa nyika yacho muzvikamu zviviri: zemshchina uye oprichnina. Oprichnina yakagoverwa kushandiswa kwake oga. Icho chaisanganisira nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa zvikuru dzehurumende. Vakuru vakapinda mu oprichnina vakagara munyika dzayo, uye varidzi venyika idzi vakadzingwa mu zemstvo. Pa oprichnina, uto re oprichnina rakanga richiungana munzvimbo. Iyi nyika ine Duma yayo uye mirairo.

Hondo ye oprichnoye yakachengetedzwa pamutengo wekutsvaga kubva kunyika yeZemstvos. Yaiva mari yakawanda. The oprichniki vaifanira kushumira tsar chete vakatendeka uye vakatendeka. Nokuda kweizvi ivo vakabvumirwa kubba uye kuita zveupambi. Ichokwadi, Ivan the Terrible akasika boka revarangwi, rakafukidzwa nechinangwa chakanaka. Izvi zvakaguma nokuwanda kwekutya uye kurangwa kusina kururama.

Vakawanda vakanga vasina kugutsikana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya munyika. Boyars akapa chikumbiro kuna tsar nechikumbiro chokugumisa oprichnina. Asi mhinduro yacho yakateverwa nemitoo yekuranga nevanopisa. Muna 1571, kukombwa kweKhan Devlet-Giray kwakakomba kuMoscow . Izvi zvaive zvakakonzera kukanganisa kwemauto oprichniki. Khan haana kupinda muguta, asi akaipisa kusvika pasi. Izvi zvakaita kuti tsar afunge nezvekubatsira kweuto re oprichnina. Pamwe pamwe nekuedza kweZemsky neOprichniy mauto, Khan akakundwa. Mushure mokunge Ivan uyo anotyisa akareruka oprichnina uye akadzivisa zvakare kutaura shoko iri.

Kubva pane zvose zvaive zvichiitika zvakanga zvakajeka izvo Ivan the Terrible akakwanisa kubudirira. Nhoroondo yemambo, zvose izvo zviitiko zvakaitika muhupenyu hwake, kutaura nezvekunyengera kwake. Kutarisira nyika, akaita zvikanganiso zvakawanda, zvose mune zvematongerwe enyika uye mune imwe nyika.

Pakupera kwekutonga kwake, mambo anopfidza zvechokwadi nezviito zvake. Asi chimwe chishamiso chinofanira kupona Ivan chinotyisa. Hupenyu hwake huchawedzerwa nerimwe chiitiko chine ropa. Mukutsamwa kwehasha, iye achauraya mwanakomana wake, uyo anofanira kuva mutsigiri wake. Mwanakomana wechipiri weIvan anotyisa haagoni kukwanisa kutora ushe. Izvi zvakaguma zvishoma nezvishoma namambo.

Mumakore eIvan simba raityisa pane nguva dzakanaka. Akaronga bhuku rokudhinda uye akavaka kereke yaSt. Basil uyo Akaropafadzwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti kutonga kwaIvan the Terrible kwaiva imwe yeiyo inokosha uye inoshamisa.