Hondo Kulikovo: nyaya pfupi. 1380, Dmitry Donskoy, Zolotaya Orda Mamaia

Muzana XIV remakore Russian kwavabati vachigara pasi pejoko Golden Horde. Hakuna enyika kuroorwa muzinda, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira hondo kuzorwa eMongolia. Kuti basa akawira kuna kuMoscow hugota. vabati varo akakwanisa kuhwina makwikwi Tver.

Nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza Moscow

Izvi zvakatungamirira Moscow achiunganidza mutero Golden Horde. Muna 1374, pashure Mamai akatsigira Muchinda Tver iri kutamburira kuti chigaro Vladimir uye Dmitry Donskoy akaramba kumubhadhara ndarama inounganidzwa kubva yevagari. Mune ramangwana, gakava kukava hondo isina.

Uto Russian vakapamba Middle Volga Tatars. Muna 1377 vakanga vakundwa kurwizi akadhakwa. Mauto Moscow kwakaita akapindura pashure pemwedzi mishomanana. On Vozha rwizi vakakwanisa kukunda Murza Begich. Zvisinei, hondo ava chete vachirondedzera muhondo kuuya.

Unganidzai hondo yaro kuvakwa

Muna August 1380, Dmitry Donskoy akaronga kuunganidzwa zvose mauto eRussia. Under utungamiriri hwake vaiva Army nemamwe zvemisoro. Vaiva vakawanda Suzdal uye SMOLENTSEV. Kwakauyawo chiduku hondo pakati Tver, izvo akatungamirirwa womunun'una Muchinda Flughafen. Kusvikira ikozvino, pane gakava, pane vaifanira kubatana Novgorod.

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi Don akakwanisa kuunganidza pasi mureza wayo 70 zviuru varwi. Varwi yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Kudeuka hondo pakati rinotungamirirwa Dmitry. Kurudyi vakamira Yaroslavl inotungamirwa Vladimir Andreyevich - Serpukhov muchinda uye hama Don. Left akatungamirira Bryansk gavhuna Gleb. Pano audzwa mashoko airwadza, apo Hondo Kulikovo Field muna 1380.

Paaienda kunyika eMongolia Muscovite mauto akashanyira Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Muvambi Utatu Lavra St. Segiyo aizivikanwa zvose pamusoro nyika. Akaropafadza mauto uye akapa Dmitri magamba maviri, akanga kare kwave mamongi - Peresvet uye Oslyablyu.

Amai anofunga kuti uto Russian havana kuzoshinga kuenda Oka mutore yokuzvidzivirira, sezvo wakaita zvapfuura hondo. Zvisinei, Dmitry aida kutanga rova, kuti arege kubvumira Tatars kuti anobatana vatsigiri. danho iri raiva nengozi - akasara reserves zvose uye pfuma. Kana kukundwa, hondo ingadai zvachose kufa uye kwete kumba.

Nepo eRussia vakaenda Don, vakabatana Lithuanian nemauto. Vakatungamirwa vanakomana Algirdas - Dmitry uye Andrey. Under mireza yavo vaiva vagari muPskov, Polotsk, uye zvichingodaro. D. Mushure pakasvika vavabatsire, kwakasarudzwa kuti Vladimir Andreyevich achaitwa inotungamirirwa chehondo vakavavandira Andrey Olgerdovich achatungamirira mauto kuti kurudyi Don.

Mamai akanga achigadzirira kurwa ezvinhu akaoma. The Golden Horde akaramba yehondo. Mamai paakatyisidzira Tokhtamysh kuti aigona kurwisa muvengi zvakananga nokuda Volga.

Nzira hondo

Apo mauto eRussia akayambuka Don, vari zvakananga vakapisa dzose mabhiriji. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti kuna Mamaia kukwanisa vatsigiri ake pakati nemamwe machinda Lithuanian, uye Ryazan. On September 7, uto pakupedzisira akatora nzvimbo yake, vachimirira muvengi. Vladimir A. pamwe Dmitriem Bobrokom-Volyn akatumwa dzedanda rokunamata, kwaakanga yakarohwa namapoka itsva panguva inokosha. Manheru wose uye usiku ari Don mauto vakatenderera uye ndakaongorora avo ezvinhu. Ipapo Tartars mahwekwe vasori yokutanga Russian.

Dmitry aida kuva avepo pakurwa pakati pemauto zvavo. Akashandura zvombo nemumwe kwemwoyo wake. Tatars, asingazivi pamusoro mano, ikauraya murume uyo vakatora zvomuchinda.

Hondo Kulikovo, pfupi nhoroondo iri aripo mune zvakasiyana mabhuku manyuko, akatanga musi September 8th. Mauto vaungana pamberi masikati, vakamirira muchinda hurongwa.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti pamwe kurwa uye Peresvet Chelubey vakatanga hondo Kulikovo. A nyaya pfupi, kana kutoti kududzirwa yechiitiko ichi - uye kuti anoita pfungwa, kutaura chinhu zvizere rugwaro yenhau! Yaiva tsika yekare, apo vaviri simba kupfuura murwi - mumwe nomumwe dzairwisana vemapato - vakarwa Tete-a-Tete. Both vatasvi vakafa kubva nokurohwa makopi.

Ipapo vaviri mauto vakamhanya vakananga mumwe. Huru akarova dzakawira nepakati uye rworuboshwe parutivi yeRussian kukupfura. Vamwe varwi pano akagurwa akabviswa huru guru. Fighting vakatanga shure kuna Nepryadva nokuda paiva ngozi shure zororo. Hot aiva Hondo Kulikovo. Mauto Russian zvakaipisisa nezvinhu zvaiita, oda chokukunda muvengi ...

Attack vavandire hondo

Panguva ino mune pomuouki pedyo paiva kusanzwisisana Vladimir Serpukhov uye warlord Bobrok. Muchinda aida kurova panguva Tatars anenge pakarepo pashure pakatanga hondo. Zvisinei, mubati vakataura, uye kukupfura akanga akamirira nguva yakakodzera, apo hondo rokuvandudza Kulikovo munda. A pfupi nyaya nezvazvo, nenzira, chine mabhuku basa "Zadonshchina" zvakanyorwa panoperera yacho XV remakore.

Pakupedzisira Tatar vamabhiza akaswedera Nepryadva, vatevera kutiza hondo rworuboshwe. Panguva ino nguva varwi, vakanga kumuvandira, akarova muvengi. The emauto vasina nguva shure munguva uye akanga sezvariri kuparadzwa parwizi. Panguva iyoyo yakatanga inogumbura dzakabatana achitungamirirwa Don.

nguva yose iyi Mamai vakatevera kurwa kure, takapoteredzwa boka racho ake. Pashure nokusunungurwa yokuvandira kukupfura, akaziva kuti vakanga varasikirwa hondo Kulikovo. A pfupi nyaya yechiitiko ichi hazvigoni kutaura ezvinhu akanga akapararira muhondo. Achishevedzera, kuchema, zvisina shure avhunduka Tatars ...

kurwa Kupedzisira

Vatizi wakakwidzwa anenge 50 mamaira. Saved chete chegumi mauto muvengi. Chase akatungamirira Vladimir Serpukhov. Dmitry Donskoy akakuvadzwa, uye nevamwe kugona kuwana nayo pakati zhinji zvitunha. Akazowana mumwe vakatema Birch. It akagogodza kubva Chigaro, uye muchinda akakwanisa kukambaira sango. Paakasvika, iye ndichichema akatanga kuzokorokotedza yacho vakundi.

Hondo Kulikovo muna 1380 akatanga mugore iroro uye dzakaguma. Vakapona vakatanga kuunganidza vakakuvadzwa. Zvingoro akatambanudza anoverengeka makiromita. Lithuanian Prince Jagiello, vakanga vasina kuuya naamai zveminda, kudzidza pamusoro Russian kukunda nyika, akapindira kumba. Zvisinei, dzimwe nzvimbo kwayo vakaenda tishaye kuuraya stragglers. Ryazan muchinda vairambawo kubatana naamai uye achiti 'vaduku' kana toreva mutongi Moscow.

ukoshi

Hondo Kulikovo, iro rakatanga gore zororo nokuda Russia, zvakakonzera kuti Moscow ave pakupedzisira akasimbisa pacharo semutungamiri enyika. Zolotaya Orda yakapinda dzakatevedzana nematambudziko uye hondo. Zvisinei, kunyange mumwe zana makore khans ayo vachiedzesera zvinoda mutero kubva Russia. Pakupedzisira joko akadonhedza pasi Ivan III, muna 1480, pashure vakamira Ugra.

chinzvimbo ichi kunosimbiswa mamwe munhau. About Hondo Kulikovo nziyo uye ngano dzakanga dzakanyorwa nevanhu. Zvazova chiratidzo ukuru nyika. MuRussia ano, September 21 (September 8, Old Style) chaizivikanwa Zuva Military Kubwinya.