Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Mazura: Biography, mapikicha

cosmonautics Russian anoziva vakawanda vakakurumbira unhu. Asi pakati pavo iri Soviet cosmonaut Mazura Alexei Arkhipovich. Chokutanga, anozivikanwa nokuda ari munhu wokutanga akanga asina kutya kupinda muchadenga. Izvi yakakurumbira uye Mazura cosmonaut. Biography ichi chinoshamisa unhu ichava nyaya kukurukurirana kwedu.

Birth uye muduku

Mune Kemerovo nharaunda, nharaunda iyo ipapo vaiva West-Siberian kumucheto, nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of Soviet cosmonaut Mazura. Date aberekwa - May 30, 1934. Vabereki vake, Arhip Alekseevich Mazura uye Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, kunze kwenguva Alyosha duku akamutsa vamwe vana vanomwe.

Apo Alex nemakore matatu, mhuri yake akanga adzingwa. The baba akaenda kuvharirwa nepakati, uye amai vane mwana kwakamanikidzwa kuna Kemerovo, sezvo imba yavo opiwa kuzopamba. Asi makore maviri gare gare baba vake rehabilitated.

In Kemerovo A. A. Mazura akaenda kuchikoro, asi muna 1947 mumhuri, maererano nokuchinja nzvimbo basa iri pakuriritira mhuri, kwakamanikidzwa kuna Kaliningrad. Iri guta iri ramangwana asitironati kukuru dzidzo yechipiri.

Kubva achiri muduku, A. A. Mazura akanga akarota weuto basa, saka paakaudzwa dhipuroma chesekondari (1953) vakapinda Military Aviation School, yaakanga vakabudirira kudzidza muna 1955. Makore maviri gare gare vakapedza kudzidza kuChikoro of runoenzanirana profile.

Kugadzirwa Space

Zvichakadai, chechipiri hafu 50s uye 60s XX remakore ndiyo nguva nokukurumidza kukura nzvimbo. Muna 1957, hazvizivi Earth Satellite kwakatangwa neDare Soviet Union. imbwa Laika - In chete gore iri ndege yokutanga chisikwa chipenyu akaiswa muchadenga. All zvikuru zvokukurumidzira ndiwo mubvunzo kuti zvaiita dzichibhururuka dzevanhu nzvimbo.

Muna 1960, Soviet Air Force akaita kusarudzwa boka rokutanga muchadenga kunoongorora, chaisanganisira 20 vezvikepe yakadzidziswa zvakanaka. Hazvina kubva pakati penhengo dzeboka iri akaumba vashandi rokutanga Soviet nzvimbo nzendo. In iri akafanira maviri raparadza uye A. A. Mazura. Kunze kwake, ari kukupfura rakanga German Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev uye vazhinji nevamwe vatyairi vakakurumbira. The rukudzo yokuva cosmonaut yokutanga Yuri Gagarin rakapiwa. Muna April 1961, ivo chitundumusere-musere "Vostok-1", akaita wokutanga orbital kutiza.

Kubva 1961 kusvika 1964, nzvimbo ndege akaita uye Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky uye Komarov. The vashandi pamusoro Vladimir Komarov, uyo nendege October 1964, kunze mukuru, yaisanganisira zvakawanda vanhu vaviri. Kwakadaro mukana akapa idzva mhando multi-chitundumusere-musere "Voskhod", iro kwakatsiva dzinoti "East".

Kumirira jana kwavo Soviet cosmonaut Mazura. Photo naye uye Yuriem Gagarinym anogona kuonekwa pamusoro.

The kutiza nenhoroondo

The itsva nzvimbo rwendo akanga akaronga kuti paMarch 1965. Chaiva vanhu vaviri. Akagadzwa mutungamiri Pavel Belyaev uye mutyairi - A. A. Mazura. Mission aifanira kutora nzvimbo iri multiseater chitundumusere-musere "Voskhod-2", iyo, kana tichienzanisa wokutanga shanduro chakagadziridzwa.

Pakutanga, basa racho rwendo kwaiva Implementation pakati spacewalks dzevanhu, uye vaiona nayo sezvo chikamu Soviet womudenga chirongwa.

"Voskhod-2" pamwe Belyaev uye Mazura muchikepe kwakatangwa musi March 18, 1965.

Napadare

Mushure chitundumusere-musere vakapinda muchadenga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vaite chinangwa chikuru ndege - a spacewalk. Basa iri rakanga kusarudza A. A. Mazura. The asitironati pakarepo yakatamira zvechizarira kamuri, pashure iyo namahwindo mupanda rakarira wavarwi uye akatanga depressurization kwayo. Ipapo Alexei Arkhipovich akasiya airlock uye akabuda pachena nzvimbo. Zviri Chiito ichi yose ine ngakuzivikanwe A. A. Mazura (asitironati). Photo kwake kugara napadare yaiva pazasi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana kunze chitundumusere-musere Alexei Arkhipovich ainzwa kusagadzikana: ake tembiricha muviri akasimuka, akatanga vangadikitira, vakawedzera kwemwoyo uye respiratoria. In muchadenga asitironati apedza maminitsi anopfuura gumi.

Dzokai chitundumusere-musere kwakakonzerwa mamwe matambudziko. Nokuti kuti nzvimbo suit zvikuru kuzvimba, Mazura zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana kunyika airlock. Saka - ari kutyora mirayiro - aifanira nepavaigona kupinda musoro wake nemaoko ake mberi.

kumhara

Kumhara chitundumusere-musere zvakare pamwe zvisingatarisirwi chiitiko. Aifanira kuitwa rwoga, pashure chikepe achaita 17 majana akapoteredza muchadenga. Asi midziyo yave malfunctioned. Saka, kuti "zuva-2" raifanira kuiswa Chinyorwa nzira pashure 18 muchichinjana.

achiwana nzvimbo yaiva taiga nzvimbo iri Perm mudunhu. Kununura bato akakwanisa kuwana chitundumusere-musere chete pazuva rechipiri. Izvi imhaka yokuti nemhaka yezvikanganiso vari kushandisa michina kumhara kwakaitika imwe unscheduled nzvimbo.

Uyezve basa asitironati

Mushure kutoita munhau kutiza, kwakaguma nokubudiswa wokutanga vakabudirira munhu muchadenga, Alexei Mazura akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Akanga paakavapa soro Soviet mubayiro - the "Gold Star" uye Order of Lenin.

Pashure paizvozvo uye kusvikira 1969 yemubatanidzwa Mazura akatora chikamu muSoviet womudenga chirongwa. Asi pashure achiwana vokuAmerica pamusoro mwedzi zvakanzi phased kunze sezvo Soviet Union zvaraswa US ushasha mu "lunar rudzi". Zvino, dzinongoitika Satellite Earth haisi kufarira cosmonautics Russian. Kunyange zvazvo pane imwe nguva akanga akaronga kuti ave Mazura murume wokutanga yakawira pamusoro mwedzi.

Panguva ino, panguva imwe chete basa Alex Arkhipovich kudzidza Air Force Academy mu ouinjiniya divi.

Muna 1975, Mazura akaita nzvimbo yake yechipiri kutiza. nguva ino ndiye aiva mukuru rikarira iyo, kunze kwaari, akapinda V.Kubasov. Ndege rakaitirwa munhu ndege "Soyuz-19" uye rwakatora mazuva anopfuura mashanu. Panguva rwendo urwu, akanga zvakare paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union.

Muna January 1982 sorokasemiletny Mazura pamwe nevamwe vezvikepe vezera rake vakasiya chikwata muchadenga kunoongorora. Zvikurukuru, ichi kwakakonzerwa zera rake. Zvisinei, akaramba kusvikira 1991 kutora chinzvimbo chokuva nemutevedzeri. Musoro CPC. Muna 1991 iye pamudyandigere pamwe chinzvimbo Major General.

Activities pamusoro pensions

Asi hazvisi munhu akadaro Nadya Arkhipovich kuramba ari pamudyandigere. Nechekare muna 1992, akatungamirira rakasimba, mubasa kukura mapurogiramu nzvimbo. Uyezve, iye yepamutemo mubatsiri kuti Board Directors nhengo imwe makurusa mabhanga Russian.

Alekseya Arhipovicha chikuru chitandadzo iri parizvino kupenda. Muchiitiko chino, yava kuzivikanwa nenyanzvi. Mazura collaborates pamwe Artist A. Sokolov, uyo akaita mushandirapamwe authored dzakatevedzana zvetsamba.

Haamo Alexei Arkhipovich uye zvematongerwo enyika. Iye Parizvino inhengo Supreme Council of sangano vebato "United Russia". On ake 75th rokuzvarwa iye pachake congratulated Dmitry Medvedev panguva purezidhendi weRussia.

mhuri

mudzimai Alekseya Leonova kuti Svetlana Pavlovna ndiye Dotsenko, akaberekwa muna 1940. Kare, aishanda somunhu mupepeti iri kubudiswa imba CPC, uye zvino basa.

In muchato vakanga vakunda vaviri - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) And Mirochka. Asi Victoria, aishanda pahofisi State University "Sovfraht", akafa muna 1996 nemhaka nehepatitis pamwe utachiona hwedenda matambudziko. Mirochka ari kushanda sezvo mushanduri.

unhu kupima

Saka, takadzidza pamusoro anoshamisa kudaro unhu munhau sei A. A. Mazura (asitironati). Biography yake chaizvo pavaisangana: pazera duku akanga atarisana paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri, uye basa ruzivo kuvava nokurasikirwa kwake mwanasikana.

Asi, pasinei zvose zvinenge zvakanganisika uye zvipingamupinyi, Mazura akakwanisa kuva mumwe unhu yakakurumbira muSoviet uye nyika cosmonautics. Ndiye waikudzwa kekutanga kupinda muchadenga. Tichifunga sei panguva iyoyo aiva kusarudzwa musarudzo, tinofanira kuziva kuti vanogadzwa kuti basa rakadaro munhu anofanira kunge asina zvechokwadi unhu. Zvino yakarurama kusarudza uyu Alexei Arkhipovich akaratidza uchidzidzira.

Inflexibility yake hunhu uye rakaoma basa akaratidza Mazura pashure pamudyandigere, apo, pane kurega, havana kumborega basa basa uye nevamwe.

Zvinoita vanhu vakaita A. A. Mazura, Russia anozvikudza.