Vasungwa German vehondo muSoviet Union: zvinhu yevasungwa, kudzorerwa

MuSoviet nguva dzinoverengeka socio-enyika uye nhoroondo dzinotaura kubva yechinangwa pachena hurukuro vamwe pfungwa zvikonzero. Kunyanya, kunorambidzwa yakanga kwakaitwa zvose aiva nechokuita vasungwa vehondo, akarwa panguva Second World War kudivi Nazi Germany. Zvinoita sokuti hapana kuvapo. Zvichakadai, maererano pamutemo mashoko pamusoro Ministry of Internal Affairs of USSR, nhamba vakadaro vakasvika vanhu 2.389.560, riri akafanana vanhu mazuva ano Metropolis. Ava 356 678 vakafa vakamirira kusunungurwa.

"Parade kuti vakundwa"

Mushure May 24, 1945 pakava yakakurumbira achimisa musi Red Square, pamberi inomira kuti mausoleum ndavhiyiwa mauto kukunda Nazi Germany, Moscow vaipinda chimwe chiitiko chinokosha. The nyaya Rinowanikwawo se "achimisa kuti vakundwa." Ake nyaya photos anovhura.

July 17 chete gore, shongwe varwi Third Reich, rakanga rakundwa Soviet mauto zviumbu (kunyanya vanodzima matatu chiBelorussia Front), achiperekedzwa ane perekedza zvombo, akanga vadzingwa Garden Ring nedzimwe nomumigwagwa guru. In urwu rwakanga rwakaipa akanga wakapindwa 57 zviuru. Vasungwa German, ichiteverwa kudiridza michina kubvongodzwa, pasi yokufananidzira laundered ne "yechiFascist the scum." Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musi May 24, apo achimisa musi Red Square, pamusoro wayo namabwe zvave 16 zviuru. Masoja-vakundi. Zviitiko zviviri izvi vaiva vakakodzera Hondo Yenyika II.

Kuwanda vasungwa German yokurwa USSR

Panguva Great Patriotic War of NKVD akasikwa rinokosha Kutarisirwa (GUPVI), mutariri nhau chokuita vasungwa vehondo, uye gare gare mujeri vanhu, raisanganisira vamiririri rehurumende vanhu Germany uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, nokuti mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe pasi mutemo worusununguko. Zviri maererano nezvokuonekwa kuti Office akanga dzakwidzwa akasimbisa uwandu vasungwa vehondo muSoviet Union German.

Zvinofanira pakarepo yakajekeswa kuti tsika yatangwa, shoko rokuti "vasungwa vehondo German" inowanzonzi kunzwisiswa sezvo zvose vakatorwa musungwa hondo, uyo akarwa kurutivi Third Reich, zvisinei dzinza ravo. Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvaisanganisira vamiririri zvakawanda 36 nemarudzi mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe vanozviwana vari panhengo vavengi Anti-yechiFascist mubatanidzwa.

The Data dzakapiwa mishumo GUPVI uye muna 1959 zvakaziviswa ne rezvemukati iri USSR mushumo (vavo ataurwa pakutanga nyaya), nenzira dzakawanda asatenderwe nemigumisiro kuferefeta vokune dzimwe nyika kare. Kunyanya, vaongorori yokuGermany yakati kuti nhamba varwi vechokwadi vachatorwa muutapwa Soviet, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 3 vacho vanenge mamiriyoni 1 vakafa vasati vadzokera kumusha.

musiyano uyu zvinogona kutsanangurwa nhamba. Chokwadi kuti mapoka vasungwa vehondo uye vemauto pfungwa Nhoroondo vanhu amutswa murombo, uye avo kakawanda kufamba kubva panzvimbo imwe neimwe kuti vapinde yakaoma basa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakutanga hondo nhamba vasungwa yaiva duku uye 1942 kusvika asvika 9 zviuru. Man. Kokutanga vazhinji vokuGermany ─ 100 zviuru. Masoja, mapurisa uye vemauto ─ vakasungwa pashure kukundwa kwavo Hondo Stalingrad.

How kuchengeta vasungwa German vehondo muSoviet Union?

mubvunzo uyu zvinogona akapindura patsime-anozivikanwa tsumo: "Paunenge kudyara, saka munofanira kukohwa." Sezvo utsinye kuti vakashanda yechiFascist nechisimba muna dzatorwa, zvakamuita vakawanda ruvengo, hazvina kunyanya ceremonious navo. Vasungwa vazhinji vakafa, kukwanisa kudzivisa refu anofamba kunzvimbo yevasungwa, umo akashama uye nzara vanhu vaifanira kufamba kukurira makumi shoma makiromita pazuva. Mwero wokufa kwevanhu pakati pavo kwakanga yakakwirira zvikuru uye, sezvo mutemo, hadzina zvinoratidzwa zvakataurwa.

Permanent kuperevedza vanachiremba vanonyatsokwanisa akava chikonzero vapamatunhu mwero wokufa kwevanhu nokuda zvirwere uye kukuvara, uye hurongwa kwezvokudya kunokonzerwa chisingaperi zvokudya uye kuneta vasungwa. Asi kunyange zviitiko apo zvigadzirwa zvakakumikidzwa pamusoro nguva, akaisa kudya mitemo vakanga duku kuti vaisabvumirwa kuti apore, kuchera nezvakawanda chaiko basa. Kana iwe wedzera nechando, tsvina uye yakamanikidzika, yaiva vasungwa, ipapo zviri pachena nei mune dzimwe nguva hwenyama pakati pavo rikanzwikwa 70%.

Mukuwedzera varwi uye vatariri akarwa kudivi German, vakatapwa Soviet vaivawo vakawanda vamiririri veuto Third Reich. Zvikurukuru pashure pakupera Hondo Stalingrad dzakamanikidzwa yokuupa 32 German General, inotungamirirwa General-Field Marshal Paurosi (mufananidzo wake anoratidzwa munyaya). In yose, mumakore hondo muutapwa vaiva 376 vehondo Nazi, uyo 277 vadzoka kumusha, 99 akafa akamirira kudzorerwa, uye 18 risungirirwe kurwa mhosva.

tsika Convention

Document kutsanangura zvinodiwa dzakawanda kurapa vasungwa vehondo, aiva Geneva Convention cha1929, yakasainwa uye chagamuchirwa nenyika 53 muEurope, Asia uye America, asi nekuraswa hurumende Stalin vake. The Soviet Union akaramba kupinda nokuwanda, pane vakatongerwa rinoshamisa kutambura emamiriyoni vemo vanenge vawa mumakore Yechipiri World War muutapwa German. Havana kufukidzwa Convention hama kuti Treatment Zvevasungwa Hondo, uye makasimbiswa maererano zvinodiwa ayo zviri pamutemo zvokudya.

In ezvinhu akafanana zvaiva vokuGermany, yakaitirwa mundima USSR mune dzakawanda mumisasa uye dzimwe nzvimbo yevasungwa. Vakuru Soviet havana kufunga pachavo kusungwa kuchengeta pamusoro pavo mumwe nezvinodiwa vomunyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, zvinonzi vakawanda vaibvuma, uye pano kwete chete, asi kunze, zvinhu yevasungwa vasungwa German muSoviet Union vakanga vachiri zvikuru kuda kupfuura avo vakasikwa muGermany uye dzatorwa kuti vomunyika yedu.

Kushandiswa German POW basa

The Soviet Union agara zvinowanzoshandiswa basa vasungwa, pasinei ndivo pfuma wezvizvarwa, mhosva mhosva mhosva, kana vari vanoitirwa enyika udzvanyiriri. Zvakafanana tsika rakashandiswa pamusoro vasungwa vehondo. Kana munguva yehondo, mupiro yavo upfumi muduku, yava ane musiyano mukuru chaizvo mune tevera munguva.

vasungwa vehondo muSoviet Union German zvakawanda uye zvakachipa vechibharo, achibatsirwa iyo kuzoita National upfumi ichaparadzwa nehondo. Masoja nezuro uye vakuru Third Reich vaishanda kuvakwa mafekitari, njanji, zviteshi, madhamu, uye zvichingodaro. D. maoko avo yavakwazve pokugara mumaguta munyika, uye naivowo aishanda nematanda mumisasa, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu chicherwa zvinhu, zvakadai uranium exchange , simbi mhangura uye marasha. Panyaya iyi, vakawanda vasungwa aifanira kupedza makore akawanda kure uye dzisingambosvikiki nzvimbo Soviet Union.

Munguva yepashure pehondo, nyika yose rikakamurwa 15 zvoupfumi munzvimbo, 12 iyo vakashandisa basa vaimbova masoja eGermany uye vatariri. Camp vasungwa German muna USSR pamusoro ezvinhu yevasungwa vasungwa haisi akasiyana zvikuru kubva avo raiva mamiriyoni vanonetswa paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri. Zvakanga zvakaoma munguva yehondo.

Rapanzvimbo basa kwakaitwa vasungwa vehondo muna USSR kubvira 1943 kusvika 1950 German, maererano mushumo Central Financial Department of rezvemukati. Maererano iripo zvokuvakisa mavari, nokuti nguva iri kuvakwa nzvimbo National upfumi rakaitwa kubva anopfuura mabhiriyoni 1 (kuva chaiwo - 1077564200) murume-mazuva. Panyaya iyi, kuwanda kwebasa raiitwa, pasi kugamuchirwa prices mumakore iwayo yairema anenge mabhiriyoni 50 rubles.

Propaganda basa pakati vasungwa

Panguva Great Patriotic War, kuti NKVD ndivo vaingogara basa kuumba ezvinhu hondo Anti-yechiFascist masangano. Its Zvakaguma maumbirwo muna 1943, "Free Germany" National Committee, okutanga shoma uye asina simba pakati vasungwa nokuti yaiva vamiririri chinzvimbo uye faira ezasi panhengo vehondo.

Zvisinei, zvematongerwo zvairehwa komiti akasimbiswa chaizvo pashure pacho vakaratidza chido kubatana refutenendi General Alexander von Daniels maviri makuru-mukuru - Otto Korfers uye Martin Lattamnn. Kutama wavo akaita panguva iyo ratidziro uye nehasha vazhinji vaimbova navo, uyewo nhapwa. A guru boka vemauto German inotungamirirwa Paurosi akaita Anonyorwa mashoko umo mhosva zvinonyadzisa uye vakazivisa vatengesi kuti zvido Germany.

Zvisinei, pasina nguva refu chokuita kuchinja ari veuto kurutivi Anti-yechiFascist mauto yachinja, uye inokosha pakuita izvi airidza pacharo Paulus. On pauzima hurongwa Stalin, akatamisirwako kubva kumisasa vasungwa vehondo mumwe anokosha zvinhu ─ NKVD dacha kunze Moscow Dubrovo.

Ikoko, Somugumisiro mupfungwa kurapwa, General-Field Marshal zvikuru achinja rapfuura nzvimbo yake uye nokukurumidza yakanga akazivisa pachena kubatana Anti-yechiFascist mubatanidzwa. Zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti kuitwa chisarudzo chakadaro zvikuru pave nokuchinja kukuru mune kosi remapazi muchiuto, uyewo "rangano vemauto" muna 1944 anenge kunodyira upenyu Führer.

Tanga of kudzorerwa kwacho

The kudzorerwa vasungwa vehondo German (kudzoka kunyika yokumusha kwavo) akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze mumatanho dzakawanda. Chokutanga izvi kwakatangwa mushure August 1945 chirevo pamusoro USSR State Defence Committee, maererano iyo kodzero kudzokera Germany akapiwa 708 zviuru. Vanhu vakaremara uye varwi vakaremara vemarudzi ose pakati dzakavanzika uye vasiri akarayira vakuru.

A mwedzi gare gare, kuti munoreva, musi waSeptember 11 iroro, gwaro idzva kuti zvichaita yekudyidzana akudziridze kuwanda vakadzoka vanhu. Kuwedzera yambotaurwa Mapato, nayo yaisanganisira varwi uye ezasi pamisara vemarudzi ose, kunze vokuGermany, zvisinei kwavo utano uye kukwanisa kushanda. Vakatumirwa kumba January 1946. Anosiyiwa ndivo chete vakanga mhosva vakaita chakakomba hondo mhosva. Zvakanga kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti kudzorerwa haisi pasi munhu aishanda ari Waffen-SS, SA, SD uye Gestapo vatariri.

Saka, pakutanga Hondo Yapera, unorema vasungwa vehondo, vakanga akaramba mutopota pamusoro kudzorerwa vakaparadza upfumi munyika, yaisanganisira kazhinji kubva vokuGermany. Maererano nomushumo kuna Bazi Internal Affairs of USSR muna October 1946, mumisasa uye basa battalions spetsgospitalyah paiva vanhu vanenge hafu yemiriyoni, kusanganisira 352 vemauto uye 74.5 zviuru. Officers. Saka ignominiously kupera nevaFascist ake chazezesa Drang à Osten ( «Drang à Osten").

Long kumba

Mune ramangwana, nhamba vasungwa German vehondo muSoviet Union akaramba, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna May 1947, pahwaro Mutongo USSR Council of Vashumiri, Germany akatuma zvuru 100. Unemployable vasungwa pakati vokuGermany, kwete akashumira SS, SD, SA uye Gestapo, uye haana kutora chikamu mune hondo mhosva. Kudzorerwa pasi varwi uye vakuru vakanga vasina chinzvimbo pamusoro mukuru.

Muna June iroro, utungamiriri NKVD chiito akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze, yakatakura raidudzwa mashoko anoparadzirwa hunhu. Maererano nomurayiro, wakasainwa Stalin pachake, musha ezviuru vasungwa vezvinzvimbo zvose German rakatumirwa, kuratidza pachena Anti-yechiFascist manzwiro avo uye vari pakati vaitungamirira vagadziri. About kutumira ichi zvakanaka kuziviswa vasungwa vose vakasara, pamwe mashoko anoisa chaiyo kusimbisa chokubudirira basa vatama.

The Hurumende wokuti panyaya kudzorerwa

Pakazosvika 1947 nhamba vasungwa kumba, yakawedzera, asi panguva imwe chete zvakajeka delineated reSoviet mutemo wehurumende pamusoro kudzorerwa. Chokutanga, izvi akaenda zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kugamuchira duku chete boka vamwe Mapato vanhu. Mukuwedzera, musha anonyanya akatumira avo, vari maonero nezviremera Soviet, aiva muduku zvavanogona kuita pakuzadzisa enyika mamiriro ezvinhu zvose muGermany uye munyika kuti vakarwa hondo kudivi kwayo.

Panyaya iyi, kutanga akatuma varwere, nezvikonzero pachena, achidzoka kubva pakutapwa, achaiswa mubasa kudzorerwa utano, kwete zvematongerwo enyika. Hapana aigona kuva mubvunzo nezvokuti vanhuwo masoja, NCOs navatariri, kunyange kana vakaedza kutora chikamu mune upenyu enyika munyika, akaita ndoda mberi kupfuura veuto vakadzoka vachibva kuutapwa. Kunyanya vakawedzera chekubuda vatamira pashure pokugadzwa Eastern chikamu Germany hurumende aifarira-yeSoviet.

Gare gare, vose rusununguko vakapiwa masoja akare, mudiki vakuru kusvika uye kusanganisira, vaiva utano hwakanaka uye akakodzera kushandiswa sezvo basa. Mukuwedzera, nokutapwa vakakakatira kwenguva mukuru wemapurisa, vehondo uye admirals, SS navatariri, SD, Gestapo, uyewo vasungwa vose vehondo uye mhosva.

The kuvakwa kudzorerwa vasungwa vehondo

Pakazopera 1949 vakatapwa Soviet vachiri kuomerera kuti vanopfuura zviuru 430. Masoja German, zvichipesana kuzvipira kwakaitwa vamiririri USSR muna 1947 pamusangano pakati Foreign Affairs Vashumiri Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Maererano akasaina gwaro kwavari, kuvadzorera kuRwanda vasungwa vehondo raifanira kupedzwa December 1948.

Sezvo kutyorwa zvakajeka vakagamuchira chibvumirano zvakagumbura vatungamiriri Western inoti uye akamanikidza Stalin kuwedzera kutumira vasungwa. Zvakanga pakupedzisira zvishoma nezvishoma vakadzokera Germany kwete chete nokuda vamiririri vakuru navatariri, asiwo vemauto uye admirals. Anosiyiwa vaiva 99 chete vavo vakafa nezvirwere uye 18 risungirirwe kurwa mhosva.

Kazhinji, kuvadzorera kuRwanda rakapera muna May 1950. Panguva pamutemo TASS, akanzwa musi waMay 5 akati muGermany yose vaimbova varwi akarwa parutivi Third Reich vakatumwa, kunze 9716 vasungwa, 3816 yevaifungidzirwa, uye varwere arwara 15.