Apo Stalin akaziva kubva mausoleum? Sei Stalin akaziva kubva mausoleum?

Tsika pasi zvifananidzo haisi itsva. Pashure XX Congress of CPSU muSoviet Union yakaramba kumira pazvivako kuti mufi muna 1953, mutungamiriri webato, asi mumakore 2-3, utungamiriri Soviet akaziva nayo, uye akapa kuti kutanga kuparadzwa kwavo. Asi vakanga vakasiyana - kubva nyore mureza specimens kuti yakakura yakanyungudutswa uye Bhanabhasi-reliefs yakavezwa vasungwa pamusoro matombo pamhenderekedzo Kolyma. Asi chinonyanya kukosha Monument wemufi mudzvinyiriri raiva guru, Moscow, mune mwoyo payo. Stalin Mausoleum nhema pedyo chisingaperi, haufi uye Dombo neKijuni Amai musiki wenyika yokutanga mugovanisi mamiriro, apo iye akanga akariisa, uye. Kutsigira Leninist dzemunharaunda management Yokutanga Secretary of CPSU N. S. Hruscheva munzvimbo iyi yaiva sabvumika.

Mausoleum pamusoro Lenin

Kuti vabate kakasaririra pamusoro okufananidzira Soviet, vanoda flashback pakutanga 1924, vanofanira kudzokorora zvakaitika kuti vakatevera rufu V. I. Lenina.

Sezvo mutungamiri Bolshevik Party aiva kuna Mwari, uye zvadaro pakuzvichenesa divi upenyu yaakabata maererano, kureva zvinenge chinhu.

Chokwadi, anopfuura makore Civil War, akaumba mumwe akagadzirwa tsika kuti akaperekedza kuonekana vakafa varwi zvevanhu mufaro. nzira pamariro dzinosanganisira, sezvo mutemo, kwokuderera tsvuku mireza, anoitwa nendarira vairidza Party Anthem - "The Internationale," ari kutaura (dzimwe nguva zvematongerwo enyika vasina) zvakasiyana rwisana (uye kwete) neshamwari (kwete nguva dzose vanozvidzora), zvichiteverwa kwemhiko uye anovimbisa kuti atsive "yemabhuku" .

Kana munhu mukuru nhamba dzakadaro, kufanana Lenin, izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana. Zvino musangano iri mariro mhemberero, kusanganisira vanachiremba vane kukwana chebhaibheri dzidzo, Shamwari Stalin. The mausoleum, chakagadzirwa nemapuranga akarovererwa pakutanga, pakuiswa uchanja uye munhu wose aigona kuona yapiwa mutungamiriri proletarians zvenyika. Sezvo vaya vaiva vazhinji, vanhu kuwana nguva kuti muviri yakapiwa, uye ipapo kwakasarudzwa kuti kuchengetedza chitunha kuvigwa nzira. Izvi zvakaitwa chaizvo kunonoka.

mausolean sainzi

Paaigara nomuviri Lenin Mausoleum Soviet sayenzi hombe-pamwero budiriro zvakasiyana negwara. Uye asati kuti kwaiva zviitiko vabudirire kuomesa zvitunha wevakafa, mune dzimwe nyika, kare, vanhu vakaedza kuramba pamuviri goko vatongi vavo uye vakakurumbira dzemitambo, asi unyanzvi izvi, wakati asvika padanho mifananidzo, zvakavanzika, uye pamwe nemhaka iyi kuti kurasikirwa.

Munhoroondo achangopfuura, anozivikanwa nyaya yaibatanidza Kuomesa nokuda zvemichina yakataurwa chiremba mukuru Pirogov, uye aishanda kwaari afa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yakanga, sezviri pachena, vazhinji subtleties, kutamba zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Naizvozvo anatomists Soviet vaifanira kugadzira nzira yavo, zvaisanganisira kumanikidzwa kushanda kuchengetedza rinenge asiwo kukwana kupora. Stalin akarara ari mausoleum anenge mapfumbamwe nemakore, muviri wake akanga aomeswe, uye nyanzvi kushanda murabhoritari chaiyo hanya nokuchengetedzwa kuti Lenin kuti Amai, musoro kufunga kuti kunyange nhasi, pashure emakore avete kuipa guva, zvinokwanisika kuti muviri mutungamiri wechipiri Soviet iri mune nzwisisika chimiro. Kunyange vamwe ndishushikane.

Zvinoera nokusingaperi?

Mubvunzo kana kuti kuisa nokuda vakawanda zvinokurudzirwa kudzokorora chitunha, zvino riri panzvimbo iri tsika uye zvetsika zvine pane zvematongerwe. Kuwanda vanhu vanoitirwa zita Lenin mutsvene, nhasi haisi kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo kutaura kuti hapana zvachose, zvakare hazviiti.

No kukosha kakasaririra kuti vagari vakawanda Soviet aiva muviri Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Kubva 1953 kusvika 1962, vaiziva kuti vaviri vatongi makuru, uye echimurenga komuredhi Lenin uye Stalin - iri mausoleum. Photos miviri yavo zvinenge kumbobvira rakabudiswa, asi havana kuona munhu wose akauya Moscow uye akatambanudzira norwonzi refu. Kunenge kuti zvino kucharamba.

kunyanyisa

Mumakore Stalin kutonga vasina kusikwa "murume mutsva", zvakakodzera kuti zvakakwana mukukunda communism. Asi kwakanga rumwe rudzi, embodying musoro Soviet mhando. unhu iri nguva dzose akabvumirana maonero musoro mubato, uye kana akazeza, ipapo zvirokwazvo pamwe zvavo mutsetse.

Sezvineiwo, kwakanga Stalin kuti utariri nzira dzakanga rakaiswa pakusarudza kuti haabatanidzi akakutadzira chitunha Secretary General of Leninist dzemunharaunda pakati pamazita pamutemo zvinoera Soviet. Hakusi rutsigiro zvose urongwa iyi zvavanobata Kirov chirimwa yakanga nechomukati anobvumirana naye. Apo Stalin akaziva kubva Mausoleum, dzimwe nhengo basa nokuda reburial misodzi. The gaping shaya muguva shoma tsama pasi zvaikandwa. Zvakanga akashinga, asi kuti kusafara ndoda kupandukira nedotyagivaet. Where akashinga vaingoita vakuru vaiva chikamu chikwata yemariro. Vakaramba kutema bhachi pamwe I. V. Stalina mabhatani zvakaitwa nendarama, sezvo akakurudzira kutanga roga, uye vakanga demoted. Zvimwe zviitiko zvakaitika.

"The chirongwa vapasi"

Stalin akatanga wevakadzidza kubviswa muviri kubva mausoleum ichaongororwa kuva munyori wokutanga Leningrad sangano remunharaunda bato, Shamwari. Spiridonov I. V. Asi akaita maererano zvatinosiita Nomenclature nokuda zano, maererano iyo vaKomonisiti nyore yakaramba mututu yomubati makuru uye, chokwadi, yakanga vakananga.

Vashandi vashandi Assembly Kirov vanogona kutora nzvimbo, asi chinangwa uye sarudzo akanga pasina mubvunzo, wakagadzirirwa pachine uye anotenderwa "pamusoro". Inokosha Zvaiitika zvakanyeverwa Stalin vakatakura kubva Mausoleum.

1961 kwakaratidzwa zhinji zviitiko muupenyu yose. Akapedzisa inotevera bato Congress, XXII. Zvinhu Internal havana zvakanakisisa, mitengo vakanga vachisimuka. Dzakafara negurumwandira ari kushanda vanhu nokuzvidira uye involuntarily zvichienzaniswa Khrushchev munguva yakapfuura yaitonga, mavakanga nekusiyana, ndokuramba. Vanhu rangarira zvakanaka kunopfuura zvakaipa. Kunyange ndege yokutanga kwevanhu muchadenga uye edzai simba kupfuura rehydrogen mutariri anogona nekure nokushayiwa zvokudya uye Sausages ari aoma muzvitoro.

Night uye chakavanzika

Kubviswa Stalin kubva mausoleum rakaitirwa pakarepo mushure achibvumirana sarudzo of Congress. It kunoitika panguva imwe chete chete reburial pedyo Kremlin rusvingo, kwaiva pre-vachera guva, chiedza kutaurirwa nayo Spotlights.

Rinogadzwa pachine, uye plywood ukomba, noruzhowa kure vechikamu acho, vose vapenyu nevakafa, kubva yokunzvera maziso. Option mariro pana Novodevichy Cemetery akarambwa kuitira kudzivisa kupedzisira nemigumisiro. Zvimwe kwaiva zvose munhu zvomuenzaniso outorwa kuguva kubiwa.

Apo Stalin akaziva kubva mausoleum, pamwe ake yunifomu asi akabvisa zvose zvinokosha okunze ari muchimiro epaulettes ndarama generalissimo, nyeredzi iri Hero pakati Socialist Labor uye mukurumbira wakashata mabhatani, panzvimbo iyo kudzidzinga vasonanidza nendarira. History yakanyarara kuti ndiani akazviita.

No kwekuisa Red Square, mashomanana mapurisa Vanopfuura usiku akatsanangura kuti paaigadzirira achimisa chokuremekedza 7th yaNovember.

Last Hits

Usiku, apo Stalin akatakurwa kunze Mausoleum, asingazivi ake pachavo, akagamuchira nemauto eSoviet. Paguva rakarongwa rumbled Matangi makonye, injini zvadzoka muedzo kurwa michina, uye Akarovera danho inifanduri airatidza kubva pamasvingo Kremlin. Edzesero chokwadi kutora nzvimbo, asi iye akafa makore manomwe apfuura, Dare Wehondo aiva achimisa chaiye.

Zvichakadai, akatarisana nomukova yakatotanga filmed, panzvimbo yayo atova vakagadzirira kuramba kunyange paitonga Stalin chitaridzi pamwe chete zita, asi zvaizotora nguva yokugadza, uye isina chinhu nzvimbo chete akavhara pasi chimedu nyaya neshoko "Lenin". Mangwanani chikuru guva Soviet Union akaronga kuti ndivhurire veruzhinji. Kufungidzira kwaiita vagari kwakanga kwakaoma, asi dambudziko iri aiedza kugadzirisa zvikuru Soviet sangano - KGB.

dombo repamusoro

The Monument haana refu, chete chinjikira rakanyorwa weheavy muchidimbu zvakavezwa nemabhii uye nhamba, anoita zita, musi uye bato rekunyepedzera upenyu miganhu. Dombo repaguva somunhu sculptural mabasa bust N. Tomsk akazviratidza anenge gumi pashure Stalin kuitwa Tomb.

Year 1970 zvakanga zvakaoma kuti Soviet-Chinese pabonde. In China, kuti Brezhnev utungamiri kwainzi revisionist, akafa mutungamiri airemekedzwa pamusoro ndima pamwe Mao kuudzwa kusaremekedza nomusoro wake. Asi muSoviet Union pakazopera pakati sixties yakaoma atinoitwa Stalin akapa nzira kuti "mwero" nzira kare, akaratidza kuzivikanwa kuti kapoka rakanga Zvechokwadi, asiwo unhu kwakaitika.

kutsutsumwa

Kutya kuti, wakati vakadzidza pamusoro kusavapo madota ari mausoleum vanhu Stalin vane kuisa pasi, vakanga pasina. Pasingadiwi zvinoda Chokwadi, vaenda, asi havana kuenda mhiri dzose dzakamanikana kugunun'una.

Vashandi of State Security Ndechokupemberera chidzoke enyika majee, izvo chaizvoizvo bandauko pasi zvekungofungira zveramangwana nzvimbo kuvigwa Yokutanga Secretary Khrushchev. "Uyu Nikita hwake kamubhedha pakumedura, Shamwari Lenin" - sokunge Stalin akati Vladimir Ilyich pamwe yake yakakurumbira Caucasian madudziro emazwi, akanzwa nokuomba neshure pamukova Mausoleum.

Zvikonzero kusagutsikana vakanga kwakatungamirira mukurwisana zhinji, kupfuura inozivikanwa iyo yaiva Novocherkassk yemuna zvakaitika nokukurumidza, asi vakafa muviri zvinofamba ukama izvi mufaro wakange, vanhu vakagamuchira shanduko yauya zvikuru tinyerere musi Red Square. Fans nzira nehasha chiso vaKomonisiti "wakasimba" akaisa Maruva ose gore musi March 5 uye 21 December nokuda mausoleum, apo guva Stalin yakanga yakapoteredzwa nedzimwe makuva vakakurumbira vatungamiriri dzebato. Izvi okutsutsumwa uye zvishoma.

Memory uye History

Nemaonero zvake mugari Russia, uyo akakurira apfuura, zvikuru kare ichi kunogona kuvhiringidza. Somuenzaniso, chii chinokosha musiyano pakati pavagere kumarinda, vakamira nhasi panguva Red Square?

Mugore apo Stalin vakatapwa kubva Mausoleum, chikuru pfungwa yokuti utungamiri bato vakaedza (vamwe kubudirira) chokuunzira hana vazhinji, aiva nepfungwa yokuti Lenin pamuviri zvose zvakanaka, asi akauya mushure vatungamiriri zvisiri urongwa hwake. Uye chete ikozvino, kana simba pakupedzisira akasvika dzinodiwa Nikita Sergeyevich, zvose anoenda sezvo kuita. Hezvinoi, mumwe Leninist wechokwadi.

Modern munhu anoziva uye anonzwisisa hunhu chiKomonizimu kazhinji hazvisi pachena sei Stalin abviswa Mausoleum pamusoro Lenin uye kwete. Mhinduro iri nyore, zvose nyaya mutsika uye mafungiro kunyika yavo nhoroondo. Remekedza zvinodavirwa nevaya, nemhaka yokukwegura asingagoni uye haadi kuchinja kwavari, zvakakodzera. MuRussia uye kunze, uye kurarama nhasi akakodzera chaizvo vanhu, vakaita, zvisinei, kuti vechiKomonisiti zvinangwa. Uye vanofanira kunzi kana tichida kuremekedzwa uye nezvizvarwa zvedu.