Chii chinonzi rwizi bheseni? Mhando rwizi nembiya. Pfungwa Watershed

On redu - makumi ezviuru nenzizi nehova. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo, kunyange zviduku-duku, pane ndima nawo anounganidza mvura yaro. Munyaya ino tiri kuenda, chii dziva yorwizi, uye kuti munhu Watershed yakadaro. Uyezve, uchadzidza pamusoro chikuru rwizi nembiya the Earth.

Chii chinonzi rwizi bheseni?

Mvura, sezvo tichiziva, ari kugara zvitange. It rinokundwa panyika muchimiro kunonaya, inoyerera zvikuru akakwirira zvikamu kunyevenutswa rezasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, mvura yose iri chero norwizi.

Hova Small batanidza kuumbika nehova diki. Avo, akavapindurawo, ichiyerera munzvimbo yakakura chiteshi. Kana ukanyatsoongorora funga mepu dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri, uchaona kuti vose nzizi vanoumba pamusoro pemvura Earth muenzaniso yaingowanikwa. By kwokunze pepa rehurukuro afanane dzevanhu vascular Network kana yaitevedzana miti mapazi. Mumwe nomumwe "miti" iyi - rwizi chete hurongwa. Uye ikozvino edza kunzwisisa kuti rwizi bheseni.

Mumufananidzo pazasi unogona kuona mufananidzo chaiwo rwizi hurongwa. Iri zano rwizi bheseni. Pano yeRoma nhamba I inoratidza huru rwizi, uye nhamba II - vabati vechibharo ayo. Nzvimbo akajekeswa tsvuku vakaputsanyiwa mutsetse, uye ichava kupiwa rwizi wokushambidzira mvura hurongwa.

Saka, chii rwizi bheseni? nharaunda iyi, izvo anounganidza mvura ino kana kuti hurongwa. River bheseni zvinogona kunzi Watershed, kana kunyange nyore - Watershed. All yematemu izvi anoreva zvakafanana nenzvimbo pfungwa.

Ndezvipi rwizi nembiya?

nembiya All vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• tsvina (huru nzizi kuti kutakura mvura yavo nyanza kana gungwa);
• undrained (chikuru nzizi idzo dzinoyerera munzvimbo reservoirs, hakuna nzira kwakabatana munyanza).

River nembiya dziri akakamurwa:

• nhema;
• pachivande.

Pamusoro mugove bheseni rokuchera mvura uye mwando iyo anounganidza pamusoro panyika, uye pasi ukuwo - dzichitangira iri pasi pasi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ukuru uye miganhu pasi catchment zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vaone. Ndokusaka hydrologists kazhinji funga chete zvomene catchment nzvimbo dziri kuyera uye characterization imwe rwizi hurongwa.

Form, chimiro uye kukura imwe rwizi bheseni kuvimba zvinhu zvakawanda: nzvimbo yomugariro murwizi ezvinhu, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, uswa, zvemaumbirwo, mamiriro enzvimbo, etc.

Major rwizi nembiya panyika

Kudeuka nzvimbo munyika ndiye reAmazon, iyo anopindura anenge chetatu kondinendi South American. Ndiyewo pakukura tichitarisa catchment. Uchiteverwa kuCongo Basin (Africa) uye Mississippi (mu North America). Zvikasabudiswa pakukura Watershed nyika ndicho bheseni pakati Volga River.

Zvinotevera tafura rinodonongodza gumi kupfuura rwizi nembiya panyika pamwe nzvimbo dzavo uye nzvimbo.

Chii chinonzi Watershed?

Kana isu kudzoka zano dzaitaurwa pakutanga ino, unogona kuona tsvuku Dziine mutsetse. Iri Watershed - muganhu pakati rwizi nembiya.

To zvakajeka fungidzira kuti zvakakwana kutora dombo duku oblong (kunyanya ine wakananga chakaderedzwa mutengo) uye ugodira kudonha mvura. Uchaona kuti chikamu chimwe kusururidza mvura vachaasvina pasi rumwe rutivi ibwe, uye mumwe - rumwe.

Kutaura mutauro sayenzi, iyo Watershed - icho zvekufungidzira mutsetse pamapuranga paNyika, izvo Anopatsanura maviri (kana kupfuura) pedyo catchment uye anotungamirira chekubuda mumhepo kunayisa iri pakatarisana mirayiridzo. By muenzaniso rwizi bheseni watersheds vari akakamurwa nomumativi pasi.

Features uye mienzaniso watersheds

Zviri zvikuru pachena kuti Watershed mutsetse chero yoruwa vanofanira kupfuura kupfuura kutobaya nzvimbo dzayo. Somuenzaniso, muna dzemakomo, avanotarisira kumhanya achitevedza crests ose anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye zvimwe nenhongonya. Pamapani ari watersheds vari kuedza munyoro. Pano kazhinji vanomiririra hwakanyatsorwisa guru nzvimbo sandara nzvimbo kutungamirirwa mvura iyerere hazvingashandurwi mukati iro nenguva.

Chimwe chikuru dzinongoitika mutemo: dzakanga dziri Watershed mutsetse uri yepamusorosoro uye nokukurumidza kuchava mwero kuyerera mvura yose nehova kuti iyerere kubva mariri.

The chikuru Watershed yacho kondinendi mekuparadzanisa watersheds pakati mumakungwa siyana, unonzi Continental. MuRussia, chikuru Watershed ndiye Valdai Hills. Zviri pano kuti akatanga kupfuura nzizi European: asi Volga, Dnieper, Western Dvina. Chimwe chinokosha Watershed Russia - The Ural wemakomo eJudhiya. Nzizi inoyerera ichibva kumadokero kwayo neyemitenusirwa, kutakura mvura yavo kweArctic Ocean. Hova inoyerera pasi kubva kumabvazuva nemitenusirwa pakati Urals, gare gare tinoshandurirwa inokosha mutero kuna Ob River - chikuru rwizi wemuTesitamende kuSiberia.