Chii yavaive uye chii chiri revo mubasa zvinenge

All zvipenyu, vagere Earth, dzinonzwa utachiona gadziriro. Kuti tirambe upenyu hwavo inoda inflow kwezvokudya, mvura uye okisijeni kubva kwokunze ezvinhu uye kubviswa metabolic zvigadzirwa. Zviri pachena, kwakadaro kusarudzwa gang runodiwa kuramba homeostasis muviri mupenyu. Chii chinokonzera izvi kushayikwa musimboti? Rufu kunoitika nokuda muchetura kwamakamuri pachavo metabolites.

Evolution pave chidzoke kwemiviri kuita Zvaiitwa dzichibvisa tsvina. Nhasi, vane zvose vamiririri mhuka, kubvira nyore vanhu. Munyaya ino, tichawana kuti munhu selection, uye kuongorora mamiriro ayo, yo mumapoka makuru ezvinhu zvipenyu.

Vhuṱanzi

Utachiona rinoumbwa sero rimwe chete, vane hurongwa hwakakwana kuzvidzora uye detoxification, aumba somugumisiro dissimilation. Somuenzaniso, Amoeba Proteus uye girini euglena akabvisa muchetura uye mvura zvakawandisa kuburikidza muchitokisi Kamudzira uye contractile vacuole. It rinoti kuti vakasarudzwa metabolites rakanaka kwadzakabva kuti muviri marongerwo uye hwemvura dzinogarisana. Zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge omesa muitiro dzichibvisa tsvina. In sandara, kumativi, annelids uye mollusks rinowanika sepombi - protons kana metanephridia.

For nekenza dzinoratidzwa mutema shwanu, uye tumbuyu vari kukura Malpighian midziyo uye mafuta muviri. The pakuonekwa Chord uye dzomunyika marangwanda zvikuru anoshandura yavaive rikurumidze. Biology of vertebrates anoratidza paumbwe kunzwisisa nhengo - itsvo aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. Funga mamiriro avo uye kushanda panhanho.

Evolution of excretory hurongwa

Hove vane rwonzi-kufanana mesonephros, avete kana kurutivi musana uye mupise ropa. Amphibians tsindirana excretory nhengo riri sacral vertebra. Izvi, kuti ureter weti zvinoenda cloaca. The pakuonekwa pelvic itsvo dziri zvinokambaira, shiri, mhuka uye vanhu - zvinokosha aromorphosis.

Renal nephrons anoitwa mbiri yakaoma physico-makemikari muitiro: inonzwika apo ropa uye reabsorption chepuraimari weti. Somugumisiro, ropa riri kucheneswa kubva muchetura, chinopa physiologically chakaipa azvipire homeostasis zvachose.

In mhedziso

Munyaya ino, isu akatarisa kuti vakasarudzwa. Zvino imi munoziva hunhu kwacho izvi zvakasiyana mumapoka zvipenyu.