The kweropa Tsika earthworm: description, mamiriro uye zvinhu

Annelid Makonye - rinenge kupfuura marudzi emhuka yakakwirira, vakasununguka-kurarama ivhu, gungwa uye mvura yakachena. Izvi mhando honye ane zvimwe kunzwisisa sangano kupfuura roundworms kana sandarara.

In honye mhando iwo kekutanga ngapaonekwe mhango chesekondari, zvikuru yakarongwa ropa romugove maitiro uye tsinga.

Earthworm: mamiriro

In muchinjikwa-chikamu substantially tenderera muviri. The paavhareji kureba - masendimita anenge 30 ari Vakaparadzaniswa 150-180 zvikamu, kana zvikamu .. Belt, riri pamberi chetatu muviri, anoita basa rayo munguva bonde (earthworm - hermaphrodite). Kumativi zvikamu zvacho zviri zvina zvakanaka dzakabudirira bristles duku zvakaoma. Dzinoita kuti pave misha muviri honye kuti muvhu.

Yakatsvukuruka shava mhuru, uye nedumbu zvishoma vakareruka kupfuura musana.

rwokuzvarwa faniro

The kweropa kwava zvachose mhuka, sezvo vtorichnopolostnyh annelids. It rakaumbwa nokuda zvibereko upenyu basa (achienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, flatworms). Upenyu huri kuramba huchiitwa kunoda yakatsiga simba tsandanyama basa, izvo zvinozoita kunokonzera kudikanwa kuwedzera masero yaipiwa nemhepo zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinogona kununura chete ropa.

Ndeipi kweropa gadziriro yacho earthworm? The arteries mbiri huru - kumashure uye mudumbu. In mumwe chidimbu pakati arteries vaedzwa thick midziyo. Izvi, vamwe thickened zvishoma uye yakafukidzwa tsandanyama tishu. Mumidziyo izvi, achiita basa mwoyo, tsandanyama, nokuveza, kukuvadza ropa munzvimbo abdominal tsinga. Ring "mwoyo" yokusvika musana tsinga vane anokosha mavharuvhu kuti musapa ropa riyerere mugwara risiri kuenda. midziyo All vanokamurwa kuva guru richikurukura yenharaunda capillaries. Okisijeni mavari kunobva mhepo uye kubva muura Sechipanji muviri. Capillaries vari tsandanyama rinenge kupa, carbon dioxide uye zvibereko manyowa.

Kweropa hurongwa earthworm akavharwa, sezvo nguva kufamba asingadi kusanganisa pamwe mvura mvura mhango. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwedzera yekudyidzana mwero muviri. Mhuka ndisina ropa kupomba hurongwa, kudziyisa pazasi kaviri.

The kweropa Tsika earthworm

Zvinovaka muviri kuti kana vakanwa ura honye kufamba, dzakagoverwa pachishandiswa kweropa gadziriro zvakanaka kuumbwa.

zano Its zvakaoma zvokuti mhuka mhando iyi. Pamusoro uye pasi ura achitevedza muviri wose midziyo. Mudziyo achipfuura ari kumashure, vakapakata tsandanyama. Iye, todzokera uye ndichisveerera, undulating achisunda ropa kubva kudzokera pamberi muviri. The kumberi zvikamu (mune dzimwe mhando nehonye ndiyo 7-11, y vamwe - 7-13) mudziyo kufamba shure, yave akashuma vanoverengeka yegwara mumidziyo paakaitira transverse kune makuru (kazhinji 5-7). The kweropa hurongwa earthworm midziyo iyi simulates mwoyo. Tsandanyama vakava yekudyidzana nesimba kupfuura dzimwe, saka ndivo vakuru yose yezvinhu.

dzichipfekeka zvinhu

Mashandiro kweropa ezvinhu ose earthworm zvakafanana mashandiro anoita hemodynamics vertebrates. Ropa achibuda mwoyo, rikawira mudziyo riri abdominal mhango. Zviri sangano kusvika rwemberi kuguma honye masero. On nzira yaro ropa ichi anotakura zvinovaka muviri mumidziyo miduku, riri pamadziro masero. Panguva yokuyaruka, ropa Rwako uye sikarudzi.

Sechivako kweropa gadziriro earthworm ndechokuti nhumbi neimwe nhengo dziri vasapinda duku capillaries. Ropa kubva Rwako idzi mumidziyo dzinongoda mhiri huru, kubva izvo ropa runoyerera kupinda dorsal tsinga. Tsandanyama dziri dzose ropa, kunyange zviduku. Izvi zvinobvumira ropa kuti kwete stagnate, kunyanya mu arikunze ropa rive mamiriro kwakadai annelid.

ura

Muchikamu ichi muviri honye iri zvikuru gobvu rirambe richibvira plexus. Vanoita kuti entangle kuti ura. Chikamu capillaries kunounza zvinovaka muviri, nedzimwe nhengo anotakura navo panyika muviri. Tsandanyama rwengarava ropa wakakomberedza ura kwazvakaita iyi annelid, kwete simba sezvo dorsal mudziyo kana kuti mwoyo.

ropa sezvamunoita

The kweropa Tsika earthworm pamusoro gleam dzvuku. Izvi imhaka yokuti pafuma muropa akafanana kwemakemikari chivako kuti Chizenga, ropa vachipinda Zvinoumba vertebrates. Musiyano riri kuti izvi zvinhu zvinowanikwa plasma (nemvura chikamu ropa sezvamunoita) mune mhinduro uye kwete mumasero ropa. The chaizvo ropa earthworm - vari masero pasina ruvara, pakubhadhara anoverengeka. Vanofanira zvayakaita akafanana Hauoneki masero anoumba ropa vertebrates.

Akatakura okisijeni masero

Masero okisijeni vertebrate kufema Kutamiswa kubva hemoglobin. Ropa Makonye fuma zvakafanana sezvamunoita, kunounzawo okisijeni kune masero ose muviri. Musiyano chete ndechokuti nehonye respiratoria kwete. Ivo "fema" uye "exhale" muviri pamusoro.

Dzakaonda unodzivirira firimu (cuticle) ganda uye epithelia pakati honye dzakakwirira ganda rirambe richibvira Network chendangariro Absorção de Água reokisijeni kubva mhepo yakanaka. Rirambe richibvira dandemutande yakakura kwazvo zvokuti hapana kunyange epithelium. Nokudaro, ropa inofamba nomuviri midziyo Rusvingo uye transverse midziyo iri huru mugero kuti hunde, kuti muviri wose kunowedzerwa pamwe oxygen. The yakatsvukuruka Hue muviri kwemarudzi ichi iwo anohupa rirambe richibvira rusvingo rukuru network.

Pano tinofanira kuona kuti nhete firimu anofukidza mutumbi earthworm (cuticle), iri nyore wakanyorova. Naizvozvo, okisijeni iri kutanga mumvura madonhwe, inoitiswa cutaneous epithelium chikaparara. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti ganda vanofanira nguva dzose kuva nyoro. Saka, zviri pachena kuti mwando kwezvakatipoteredza - chinhu ezvinhu chinokosha muupenyu mhuka idzi.

Kunyange zvishoma nokuomesa ganda kufema. Kweropa maitiro ane earthworm haiunzi okisijeni masero. Kwete chaizvo refu anogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushandisa mumhuri kwemvura. Kununura mumasero iri paganda. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu anova zvechokwadi rikwanise earthworm unotanga dzokurasa yacho mhango fluid zvikamu vybryzgivaya kubva ipapo akaisa pamusoro musana.

Zvomudumbu uye huta nehurongwa

earthworms zvomudumbu Hurongwa rine foregut, pakati uye neshure. Nemhaka aifanira kurarama mamwe inoshingaira zvomudumbu hurongwa pamusoro earthworms nayo kwabva kuburikidza wandei zvokukura kuvandudzika. Mugore zvomudumbu turakiti akazviratidza madhipatimendi, imwe neimwe yaiva wakaiswa kuchiitirwa basa.

The chikuru muviri wegadziriro - intestinal chubhu. Zvinonzi akakamurwa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, pharynx, yegurokuro, dumbu (tsandanyama muviri), mumwe pakati uye neshure ura, horo.

In yegurokuro uye pahuro mumasero mbudo ducts kuti kuva nezvahunoita richishingirira chikafu. The midgut Zvokudya chinogadzirwa mishonga uye zvibereko kugaya vari wefodya unopinda muropa. Residues nokupira horo.

The yose Kureba mhuru honye kubva peritoneum rinopfuura etsinga netambo. Saka, mumwe chidimbu ane yayo kukura huta nemavhinga. Pamberi etsinga tambo iri annular Bridge zvinosanganisira maviri kunofambidzana nodes. Zvakanyorwa kunzi peripharyngeal tsinga mhete. It diverges kubva samambure tsinga harinzwi zvose pamusoro muviri.

Zvomudumbu, kweropa uye tsinga kuti earthworm ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru, nokuda mberi zvose mhando annelids ose. Naizvozvo, kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando nehonye, vane sangano rakanaka chaizvo.