Bekkerel Anri, French yefizikisi: Biography, buri

Unoziva akawana radioactivity? Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro masayendisiti vanopinda kubudirira ichi. Henri Becquerel - yefizikisi French uye akahwina mubayiro weNobel. Ndiye muna 1896 vawana radioactivity kuti uranium exchange munyu.

Mavambo musayendisiti

Bekkerel Anri akaberekwa December 15, 1852 kuParis, imba Cuvier yaJehovha, iyo vaiva ne National Museum of Natural History. With imba ino raiwanzobatana upenyu neimwe nhengo nerakakurumbira dzinza Becquerel. Sekuru musayendisiti nezveramangwana, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (Makore oupenyu - 1788-1878), aiva nhengo Paris Academy of Sciences vokutanga, uye kubva 1838 - mutungamiri wayo. Zvicherwa, akavatakura, muri kuzivikanwa. Zvikurukuru, akadzidza dzavo rinobva, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, zvemaziso uye zvimwe zvivako. The imba ine yakasiyana wemabhuku ivhu, iyo vakaita guru muupenyu Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, mwanakomana Antuana Sezara. Murume uyu (upenyu makore - 1820-1891) akadzidzawo. Uyezve, aiva nhengo Paris Academy of Sciences akava mutungamiri waro muna 1880. Sezvo baba Anri Bekkerelya aiva purofesa wefizikisi uye vakashumira sezvo Director of National Museum of Natural History.

Zvidzidzo rokutanga Henri

Apo Henry akanga 18, akatanga kubatsira baba vake muzvidzidzo zvake uye akava mubatsiri wake. Panguva iyoyo akanga kufarira zvinetso mifananidzo uye phosphorescence, zvakasara pamwe Becquerel kuti upenyu. mubereko Izvi nhaka Antuan Anri, mwanakomana wake. Book Anri Bekkerelya "Chiedza, chinokonzera ayo uye nezviito" akazova munhu bhuku rinobatsira Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, sekuru gamba redu, Akateerera zvikuru dzidzo muzukuru wake. The mukomana kubva muduku aiva chinhu kuti akabvumira Antoine, vasina kuona unyanzvi hunoshamisa, achiri kufunga kuti iye achaenda kure.

Education in Lyceum uye Ecole Polytechnique

Mhepo nezvaiva mumba Cuvier, vakabatsira kuti paumbwe yakadzika uye chakakomba mubereko Henri wefizikisi. Mukomana kuzivikanwa muna Lyceum Louis Legrand. In sangano iri, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, akanga rombo nevadzidzisi. Pazera 19, muna 1872, Bekkerel Anri sekondari. Zvino akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Ecole Polytechnique. Kubva pakutanga gore jaya akatanga vanoshingaira basa tsvakurudzo yavo. Naizvozvo vawana panguva ino unyanzvi experimental zvinobatsira chaizvo.

Dambudziko muupenyu hwake pachake, bhuku rokutanga

Pamusoro chikoro kubva Henry akatanga nguva-gore 3 mabasa panguva Institute of Communications, kwaakanga akaita ouinjiniya basa. Panguva ino akaroora mwanasikana purofesa wefizikisi. Musikana anonzi Lyusi Zhamen. Akasangana naye kare lyceum makore. Zvisinei, mhuri pfuma musayendisiti aiva pfupi. Bekkerel Anri akafirwa nomudzimai wake anodiwa, uyo achangobva akatendeuka makore 20 okuberekwa. Akamusiya achangoberekwa mwanakomana Jean.

Science yakabatsira Henry kuti tipone kurashikirwa ichi. Scientist sika muzvidzidzo zvavo. Muna 1875 nayo akabata bhuku rokutanga Anri Bekkerelya (mu "Journal of yefizikisi"). Nyaya yake yakanga makwapa, uye musayendisiti-makore 24 akakumbirwa kuva muperekedzi panguva Ecole Polytechnique. In chikoro ichi makore 20 gare gare, akanga atova purofesa.

Kushanda pamwe baba vake, vake doctorate dissertation

Bekkerel Anri muna 1878, akatanga kushanda panguva Museum of Natural History, apo akanga mubatsiri baba vake. Vakawanda dingindira nemabasa avo rakachengetedzwa chokuita nzvimbo, uye magneto-Manyiminya sekristaro optics. Kunyanya, vaongorori pavaiita inonakidza kudzidza sei ndege rotates ari remagineti, ari polarization wechiedza. Zviri kuziva chakajairika rakawanikwa Maykl Faradey. Zuva nezuva, takatarisa mberi mwanakomana wake, uyo akanga atova kuzivikanwa somunhu experimenter guru, baba Henry aiva vaidada naye. Henri Becquerel muna 1888 akapa ake doctorate chinyorwa pa Sorbonne. Basa iri rakanga kuenderera zvidzidzo baba vake nasekuru, uyewo mugumisiro gumi mabasa nemunyori. It kuimbirwa ave kwose kwose.

Scientific basa uye muchato itsva

Anri Bekkerel gore akazova nhengo Paris Academy of Sciences. Akagadzwa Munyori rwomuviri kuparadzana. 3 Kwapera makore, Henry akanga atova purofesa paNational Museum of Natural History. wanano yake yechipiri, makore 14 pashure chirikadzi, rinoreva iyoyo.

An chinokosha zvakawanikwa netsaona

Kana akanga asiri kuda yacho, tinenge akayeuka kuti musayendisiti chete sezvo nehana uye unyanzvi experimenter, asi kwete zvikuru zvimwe. Zvisinei, paiva chiitiko chinokosha zvikuru. Zviri nekuvongwa iye chikazikamwa yose Anri Bekkerel. Interesting zvinhu pamusoro musayendisiti ichi izhinji, asi dzinonakidza zvikuru, zvichida, nokuti akaona radioactivity.

March 1 Anri Bekkerel akadzidza kwake murabhoritari luminescence kuti uranium exchange munyu. Kuva basa vapedza, ikava chinhu opaque uye gobvu dema bepa yokuenzanisira (zvemapuranga uranium exchange munyu hwakarongwa simbi yairema). Scientist akaisa muenzaniso pamusoro chinu Photographic mahwendefa, riri kumucheri akavhara kumucheri. Mushure mechinguva Henry akatora bhokisi Photographic kwamahwendefa. Akavaratidza, Ungangove, vachitevera tsika yake yokunyatsoongorora zvose. The musayendisiti zvakamuvhiringidza, nokuti akawana kuti nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero vakanga zvakavhenekerwa. Henry akaona mufananidzo hwakarongwa simbi yairema kuti neimwe nzira pachena. Sei kutsanangura nayo? Chiedza aisagona kuwana pamusoro ndiro. Naizvozvo, sezvo ainzwisisa Becquerel, vamwe mwaranzi akaita izvi.

Humwe kudzidza mwaranzi yakawanikwa pedyo Becquerel

Yefizikisi aitoziva nezvokuvapo nemwaranzi kukonzera blackening pamusoro Photographic mahwendefa, uye vari asingaoneki kuti ziso. Just mwedzi mitanhatu asati Röntgen akaita ake shamisa zvinoshamisa. Kuwanikwa maekisirei - mumwe zviitiko zvikuru munhoroondo wefizikisi. Panguva iyoyo, munhu wose akanga achitaura nezvake. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero nei shoko, iyo akaita yefizikisi Anri Bekkerel muParis Academy of Sciences March 2, 1896, akanga akasangana kufarira. Scientist May 12 akataura pamusoro pavo Huro Museum of Natural History akakwana, pamberi pevateereri vakanga vakawanda. Akabva akaudza nezvazvo panguva Paris International Congress yakaitirwa August 1900. Panguva ino, uyo yakawanikwa radioactivity, vakaziva kuti havana padzakacherechedza nemwaranzi - haisi luminescence. Uyewo kusiyana nemamwe inozivikanwa nemwaranzi yefizikisi. Under kwemakemikari kana panyama (kumanikidzwa, kudziyisa uye zvichingodaro. D.) Dzinoparadza haina kushanduka. Ini ndisingagoni vanokwanisa kuwana vasanyanye kwayo zvikuru. Zvaiita kuti vamwe hariperi bhuku anoratidza simba iri.

Panguva iyoyo akanga atova kuzivikanwa kuti zvinoitwa nemwaranzi asingaoneki yakawanikwa pedyo Becquerel, kwete chete kunoita kuti blackening pamusoro Photographic kwamahwendefa. Ivowo pave nemamwe mabasa, kusanganisira zvoutachiona. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro muviri zvinodhaka Becquerel, uyo akanga ari muhomwe yake, akaumba maronda. Havana kuporesa kwenguva refu. Kubvira ipapo, masayendisiti akatanga kuisa mishonga achitungamirira bhokisi.

Pamwe M. uye Pierre Curie

Pakati pevaya vanofarira Becquerel akaita zvakawanikwa, paiva dzinoverengeka kunoshamisa masayendisiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Anri Puankare uye D. I. Mendeleeva, uyo zvikuru akasvika kuna Paris kuziva munyori waro. Pakati masayendisiti ava vaviri Marie uye Per Kyuri. Kufarira Curie kwakatungamirira kuti zvabuda zvinokosha. Nhoroondo kuwanikwa radioactivity mberi kuti zvinotevera kuwanikwa kunze: zvinoitika, zviri tinoberekwa, kunze uranium exchange nevamwe zvine maatomu akafanana, kunyange zvazvo kune siyana inegumi. Masayendisiti muchidzidza omuzvarirwo yakawanikwa pedyo Becquerel mwaranzi. Somugumisiro, kubata simba wakashamira, zvaibva munzvimbo radioactive kuora, uye vakafurira radioactivity uye nevamwe.

yakakodzerwa kuzivikanwa

The anoshamisa kubudirira Anri Bekkerelya akagamuchira kuzivikanwa sezvarinokodzera. The musayendisiti kunopinda Royal Society of London. Uyewo, Paris Academy of Sciences paakavapa Henry zvose zvinowanikwa ipapo insignia. Becquerel August 8, 1900 kuParis, akataura panguva International Congress mumuviri, apo akaverenga huru mushumo.

The Nobel Prize

Pashure 3 years, akanga paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize (pamwe Maria uye Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. Biography wake kunakidza uye kuti musayendisiti ichi chaiva wokuFrance wokutanga uyo akabudisa Nobel menduru kuParis. Curies, zvinosuruvarisa hahwaikwanisa kuzvigamuchira mu Stockholm. Nokuti pavo Nobel Prize akanga paakavapa kuti mufundisi French.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Chido kugamuchirwa, inorumbidza, kuzivikanwa dzakawanda - izvi zvose wakamirira Anri Bekkerelya. Zvisinei, haana kushanduka mararamiro. Musayendisiti kusvikira okupedzisira akaramba akazvipira kuna sayenzi vanozvininipisa mushandi. Anri Bekkerel, kuvhurika zvakanga saka zvakakosha kuti pakuzadzisa nesayenzi, akafira Le Croisic (Brittany) aine makore 55. Nokukudzwa kwake, zita craters pamusoro Mars uye Moon, uyewo chairema radioactivity - Bq. Zita musayendisiti kunobatanidzwa mazita mukuru French masayendisiti, riri pasi pasi Eiffel Tower wokutanga.

The njodzi Jean Bekkereya

It akabudirira zvedzidzo basa uye Zhana Bekkerelya. Aiva akafanira mutsivi baba vake. musayendisiti ichi akaberekwa musi February 5, 1878 kuParis, apo zvose zvakashanda Becquerel. Upenyu hwake refu. The musayendisiti akafa ava namakore 75, sezvo nhengo Paris Academy of Sciences uye mukurumbira yefizikisi.

nyaya itsva

Kufanana zvose Zviitiko chezvematongerwe itsva dzakadai Panovhurwa simba-kuponesa ruzivo, kuti kuonekwa kuti radioactivity akapa masayendisiti kwete mhinduro chete. Asiwo chamuita nyaya itsva uye matambudziko. Chii chiri seri kwemazororo mashandiro kuora radioactive? Chii nezviito kubereka mwaranzi, uye nei? On mibvunzo iyi nemimwe masayendisiti achiri havana mhinduro izere.