Chii polarization chechiedza?

Kana risina makore kwematsutso zuva kutarira kudenga, kupenya inopenya yebhuruu rising denga haazoregi munhu hanya. Chii anotsanangura imwe ruvara anoshamisa kudaro? chikonzero chake ndiro mitatu - refraction, vaparadzirwa uye polarization. In bepa yanhasi takurukura kuti chii chaizvo chiri polarization nechiedza.

Chiedza ndeimwe mhando remagetsi mwaranzi, saka, kunoratidzwa kunobva uye kutungamirirwa. Uyezve, mumwe havafaniri kukanganwa pamusoro wayo hunyambiri hunhu: mune imwe nyaya, Sezvambotaurwa, chinhu chinozunguzirwa, uye mune mamwe - PARTICIPLE (photon). Polarization chiedza - mumwe zvivako upi mwaranzi iri Manyiminya siyana. Kana polarization nokufamba muchiedza danda kubva nezvimedu rinotungamirirwa panguva transverse pamusoro, vakatakudzwa kubva muna mumwe chete ndege. Other zvinoriumba dzinobviswa.

Nyore nzira kunzwisisa muenzaniso zvakataurwa polarization wechiedza. Vanomiririra refu tambo dzinongoda yakatambarara pakati maviri pfungwa. The tambo ichipfuura munhu wehunyambiri slots iri ndiro-nhovo. Zvino, kana mumwe kuguma kwayo tonotora uye chimiro mafungu, vakasvika pakatarisana mhedziso chete chiitiko kuti zvichienderana pamwe mutswe ari nhoo, kureva, vertically. Kana ukaedza kufamba tambo yakatambarara (kuruboshwe-kurudyi) chinozunguzirwa achatsiviwa rekukwazisa kusvika nhovo, nekuti hazvina "manikidzira" mhiri pakakoromoka. In muenzaniso uyu, tambo - ane remagetsi nemwaranzi nhoo - a segirazi (kana translucent svikiro), uye pakakoromoka - chaiyo zvinhu svikiro.

Sezvo chiedza - chiri chinhu remagetsi wave, izvozvo zvinoenderana yemagetsi uye rinobva umbirimi vectors. Vanogara perpendicular kune mumwe uye, mukuwedzera, vanoumba notional ndege perpendicular kuti mutsara chinozunguzirwa kupararira. Sezvineiwo, dzakaita raundi polarization chiedza kunoitika kana vectors ose rinobva induction uye yemagetsi munda mirayiridzo vari zvayaitenderera paguyo hama kuti chiedza danda. Uyewo oscillations ari Vector electric munda kuchinyanya imwe chete kuti ndege inobudisa remagetsi chinozunguzirwa kunoitika. Zita rake pakati tichiratidza chete muitiro - ". linearly inobudisa kuti"

Sezvineiwo, nemwaranzi kwemaatomu rimwe chete quantum chiedza anogara inobudisa. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo luminous okuyerera girobhu racho, zuva, makenduru, matochi nezvakadaro. Unpolarized. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti nemwaranzi anobva siyana maatomu, umo polarization zvakasiyana. Nokudaro, zvachose chokubuda anorasikirwa dzidziso. Polarization chiedza kune kumwero kunoenderana zvinoitwa nefuma kana urongwa kwemaatomu kwayo sekristaro yekamuri (nokuti zvinhu zvakaoma, semuenzaniso, segirazi crystals). Sezvineiwo, okutanga vakaedza pamwe crystals, uye chete ipapo, masayendisiti akateerera gaseous kwezvakatipoteredza (mhepo). Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti polarization chechiedza ndiyewo novimba nzvimbo mumwe mucherechedzi (Switch, mumwe photocell, etc.). Saka, kuwedzera pakona pakati kutungamirirwa chiedza kunobva uye Vector inotaridza inoenda danda, polarization inowedzera. Kana mirayiridzo zvinofanana, pasi akanaka ezvinhu, hapana polarization.

Panewo musimboti wechitatu - ubatanidzwewo inobudisa chiedza nekubudisa. configuration Izvi zvinoitika kana koshesa oscillation yemagetsi munda kana rinobva induction (pamusoro vectors).

A kuziva chokwadi: ziso yomunhu inogona kusiyanisa nyore pakati ari wavelength (ruvara zvinoumba chiedza) uye rakasimba, asi polarization kunyoresa inowanikwa sananga. Panguva iyoyowo, tupukanana vakawanda maziso akakura zvakakwana kusiyanisa polarization chechinopiwa chinozunguzirwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kunovabatsira kufamba.