Meso chinhu: chii musiyano kubva zvavo?

Mune shanduka dzimwe mhuka kuonekwa Manyiminya zviridzwa zvikuru akaoma. Zvechokwadi izvi zvinosanganisira ziso chinhu. Ivo dzakaumbwa tumbuyu uye crustaceans, vamwe arthropods uye invertebrates. Chii chakasiyana nyore chinhu meso, chii ayo chikuru zvinhu? We nezvazvo nhasi zvinhu.

meso chinhu

Ichi Manyiminya ezvinhu, kushanda pakuvheneka, apo pasina chete the retina. Uye receptors zvose zvabatanidzwa mu retinula diki (s), pova convex rukoko ine hapana harinzwi mamwe tsinga. Saka, ziso rinoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji nomunhu dzakabatana - ommatidium, kubatanidzwa nomumwe muimba hombe hurongwa maonero.

Meso kunowanikwa kuri kuti muenzaniso, tumbuyu, rakasiyana binocular (yokusafa kusanganisira murume) murombo tsanangudzo wakaisvonaka mashoko. Asi havana kukwanisa kusiyanisa oscillation chiedza (300 Hz) nepo munhu vakaomerwa mikana - 50 Hz. A Kamudzira iyi mhando huchiri ziso rine tubular marongerwo. Tichifunga izvi meso chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda havana hunhu refraction sezvo Kuona zviri mberi kana nearsightedness, hazvina kushanda navo pfungwa pokugara.

Zvimwe zvaiitwa marongerwo uye zvakaratidzwa

Vazhinji Zvipembenene nhengo nechaanoona nenzvimbo yakakura chikamu musoro, uye chokwadi achiri. Somuenzaniso, muna ziso chinhu remukonikoni panofanira 30.000 nezvimedu, pova kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Kungozvifunga - 17.000 ommatidia, imwe nhunzi - 4000, muna nyuchi - 5. The yakadereresa Nhamba tudonhwe mushandi svosve - zvidimbu 100.

Binocular kana chinhu?

The mhando maonero chokutanga rinobvumira kunzwisisa bhuku zvinhu, avo zvidiki, kuongorora chinhambwe kusvikira zvinhu uye urongwa kwavo ukama nomumwe. Zvisinei, stereopsis munhu zvakawanda angled rworwendo 45. Kana uchida kuva muchidimbu zvizere yeziso kufamba anotakura pamusoro dzepanguva chechetere (kana kwatinotarira musoro wake kumativi akabatana). Remubatanidzwa maziso ari muchimiro hemispheres pamwe ommatidia rega here kuona dzakapoteredza chokwadi kubva kumativi ose, pasina zvinofamba meso ako kana musoro. Zvino mufananidzo kuti inopfuura neziso, kufanana kutamba jigsaw puzzle: a STRUCTURAL chairema rimwe Kufananidzira kunonzwisiswa ne ziso, uye pamwe chete ivo mhosva apiwa pokugadzwa mufananidzo zvizere.

mhando

Ommatidia vane anatomical features, zvichizoita siyana uye zvivako zvavo Manyiminya (semuenzaniso, yakasiyana Tupukanana). Masayendisiti anotsanangura mhando nhatu kunobatanidza:

1. Apposition. remubatanidzwa meso kunzwisisa kwakadaro vane dzemasikati nezvipembenene. The ruvara asina segirazi ehupfumi vaiita kunobatanidza - inoramba kuti vari pedyo. Uye ziso receptors vanogona chete kuona chiedza kubva akabatana coinciding pamwe ommatidium.
2. Optikosuperpozitsionnye. remubatanidzwa meso kunzwisisa kwakadaro vamwe crustaceans, uyewo usiku uye crepuscular nezvipembenene. The ruvara huri ziso, rave oga ommatidia kubvongodzwa, iyo inowedzera aikanganiswa ari nhengo wezvakaonekwa yakaderera chiedza ezvinhu.
3. Neyrosuperpozitsionnye. Various ommatidia akapfupikisa Mureza vachibva chete pfungwa iri muchadenga.

Zviya, vamwe kwezvinhu zvipenyu vane rakasangana mhando chinhu miviri, uye vazhinji asi isu tiri kufunga, munewo meso nyore. Saka, muna nhunzi, somuenzaniso, kumativi musoro vanosarudzirwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda chinhu zviremera zvikuru guru. Uye pamusoro musoro, pane maziso matatu nyore, achiita upiyona mabasa. Chete sangano uye zvitunha nenyuchi - kureva, zvose meso mashanu!

Vamwe meso crustaceans remubatanidzwa sokunge akatasva chinjwa outgrowths-pemashanga.

Uye vamwe amphibians uye hove anewo wokuwedzera (parietal) ziso iyo chinosiyanisa chiedza, asi haana vasingadzoreki pasi. Retin inoitwa chete emasero receptors.

Modern nesayenzi budiriro

Munguva ichangopfuura, faceted maziso - nyaya dzokudzidza nokuyemura renyanzvi. Pashure pezvose, mitumbi iyi maonero, nokuda kwayo yepakutanga mamiriro, zvinopa pasi kuti zvigadzirwa kwesayenzi uye explorations munyika optics ano. Huru zvakwakanakira - yakakura muchidimbu nzvimbo, pave chakagadzirwa veneers, vainyanya kushandisa muchidimbu, chiine, yokuvanda nokuongororwa hurongwa.