Mhedziso razero: nhoroondo kuwanika uye nokushandisa dzinokosha

Physical pfungwa "razero kwakakwana" kuti sayenzi yemazuva kunokosha chaizvo: nayo hunonyatsobatana pfungwa dzakadai superconductivity, kuvhurika izvo akasika furor yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri mhedziso razero, kureva mabasa yefizikisi vakakurumbira vakadai, sezvo G. kuchipfuura, Celsius, A., J. Gay-Lussac uye William Thomson. Vakaita basa rinokosha zvisikwa kushandiswa kusvikira zvino mukuru tembiricha pachikero.

First ake tembiricha pamwero wakatangwa muna 1714, nyanzvi yefizikisi yokuGermany G. kuchipfuura. Nokudaro chakakwana razero, kureva yakadereresa kutosvika pakafunuka, tembiricha kuti musanganiswa chakabatwa, izvo zvaisanganisira chando uye amoniya. Akatevera chinokosha chaiva chakaipa womunhu tembiricha, waiva akaenzana 1000. Saka, mumwe weboka pakafunuka anonzi "° C" uye pakafunuka pacharo - ". Kuchipfuura"

Pashure pemakore 30 Swedish muongorori wenyeredzi A. Celsius aronga mumwe tembiricha chikero apo zvinhu Dots kuva chando utsotso kutonhora uye kubika pfungwa mvura. chikero ichi ainzi "Celsius", kachiri munyika dzakawanda munyika, kusanganisira Russia.

Mugore 1802 gore, swiping kuedza yake yakakurumbira, musayendisiti French J. Gay Lussac akawana kuti inzwi guru gasi panguva kugara nevamwe zvakananga novimba tembiricha. Asi chinonyanya kunakidza ndechokuti kana tembiricha iri 10 chilis, uwandu gasi inowedzera kana kunodzikira nokuda zvakaenzana. Kuita zvakafanira Masvomhu, Gay-Lussac akawana kuti mutengo uyu akaenzana 1/273 bhuku negasi ari tembiricha kuti 0C.

Kubva mutemo uyu vakatevera mhedziso ndezvokuti tembiricha akaenzana -2730S ari tembiricha yepasisa, kunyange achiuya ari pedyo, hazvibviri kuzadzisa. Zvinonzi tembiricha iri rinonzi "mhedziso razero."

Uyezve, Mhedziso razero kwaiva kutanga pfungwa kusika nemhedziso tembiricha scale, kushingaira kuita izvo akatora British yefizikisi William Thomson, aizivikanwawo Ishe Kelvin.

tsvakurudzo ake guru kunetseka uchapupu kuti hapana muviri zvakasikwa, haagoni dzaserera kudzika pane Mhedziso razero. Zvisinei, akashandisa chechipiri mutemo wethermodynamics, saka, akatanga navo 1848, Mhedziso tembiricha pakafunuka pakuzivikanwa se thermodynamic kana "Kelvin akamboona."

Mumakore akatevera uye emakore zvakatora nzvimbo chete kusanganiswa Specification pakati pfungwa "mhedziso razero", iro pashure dzakawanda approvals kwainzi vakaenzana -273,150S.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mhedziso razero chinoita basa rinokosha mune iri SI ino. The ndechokuti muna 1960, panguva inotevera General Conference pamusoro muzviyereso Unit thermodynamic tembiricha - Kelvin - akava mumwe matanhatu chikuru zviumbu yakayerwa. Saka zvakananga waiti chimwe dhigirii Kelvin dziwande zvakaenzana mumwe mwero Celsius, kunze kuti "Kelvin" bhuku nguva anoonekwa kuti mhedziso razero, i.e. -273,150S.

Basic pfungwa kwakakwana razero chaiko kuri pakuti, maererano nemitemo inokosha wefizikisi, panguva tembiricha ichi nesimba inofamba pakati zvokutanga nezvimedu dzakadai maatomu uye mamorekuru akaenzana razero, uye nyaya iyi misa kurongwa inofamba ava chete zvacho. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti razero kwakakwana, maatomu uye mamorekuru kutora yakajeka nzvimbo huru yacho sekristaro yekamuri, pova akarayira maitiro.

Pari, achishandisa chaiyo midziyo, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuwana kudziya mashomanana ppm kupfuura Mhedziso razero. Kuti tisvike ichi nokukura chete mumuviri zvisingabviri nokuda-pamusoro apa mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics.