"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa": matambudziko. Dzetsika mune Fyodor Dostoyevsky kuti yokufungidzira

Nganonyorwa Dostoevsky kuti "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", zvinetso izvo tiri kufarira, ndiyo imwe mienzaniso inokosha mabhuku Russian, sezvo nyaya dzaikosha pose uye zvinovanetsa vakarerwa. muverengi asati kuzarura kunzwisisa nyika rokutsvaka, manzwiro yomukati, zvido magamba vari zvinorwadza tinorwisana kwezvakatipoteredza kusaruramisirwa, uye pamwe pachedu. Zvinorondedzerwa nokuwa kwavo pakunamata uye haizopereri kuberekwazve yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Zvinokonzerwa basa iri kunoita kuti tifunge zvakawanda. Amazing udzamu kusawirirana uye vatambi evanhu kuburitsa kunokanganisa yokufungidzira ichi. Mariri F. M. Dostoevsky akatsanangura pfungwa manyawi uye zvinangwa. Zvose izvi uye kunetseka vaverengi vazhinji nhasi.

Huru nyaya yakamutswa basa

Kuudza nyaya mweya yakarasika, kushandurwa paya, munyori haangoregi anorondedzera kunzwisisa nzira kuti aiva gamba, kukanganisa nzira, kurwadziwa uye kuzvidemba. F. M. Dostoevsky (asian ake anoratidzwa munyaya) Zvinoda kuti dzinopesana uye zvakaoma nzira yokuwana mhinduro tsika mibvunzo pedyo zvose, asi panguva imwe chete yakaoma yakadaro.

Nei vanhu vakakodzera - akangwara, anokudzwa, vakatendeseka, mhando - tifire urombo, apo riri pasi nokuninipiswa kubudikidza benzi, vanhu zvakaipa utsinye, zvisina vanogara pahupfumi? Chii chemhosva murombo vana? Pashure pezvose, vanofanira kutambura uye vanotambura nezvirwere uye nzara. Chii anoruramisa kuvapo murayiro wakadaro munyika uye kuti anogona kuchinjwa? Ndechipi chinangwa murume? Nei kupesana pakati "kodzero" kuti zvinopesana yetsika, uye "chisikwa zvinosemesa", iro riri dzinorambidzwa? nyaya dzose idzi vanomutswa ne munyori yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Nyaya yake zvikuru naMweya muenzaniso upenyu nzira yose Rodion Raskolnikov.

Nzira Rodion Raskolnikov

Rodion Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky kwakaita gamba, uyo haadi upenyu wenhamo pakati vanonzi "chisikwa chaisemesa" iri vanogona kuchinja chinhu munyika, kuedza ndivanaMesiya pachavo kuti muchikwata Napoleon, akabvumira zvose vanozvidza mitemo uye vanogona kuisa dzavo. Zvisinei, nzira iyi hakusi nyore. Pachena nyaya Raskolnikov vakaita utsotsi kwaizotevera kurangwa naye, Dostoevsky anouya zvimwe zvakafanana zviri pakunamata uye munzanga upenyu, tsika uye zvetsika zvine dzakatarisana vanhu.

Basa zviroto vari chigadzirwa

Kwete chete tsaona yacho itsva wavanozvisunga zviitiko, asi tikadzivisa ndeechokwadi. Nokuda kufara ichi uye tsitsi mune vaverengi 'mwoyo kukonzera kwetsika yacho gamba, ake kuzvipokanidza uye tsika kuzengurira. Achitaura navo, Dostoevsky akareva kushandisa siyana mabhuku mano, kunoita zvakadzama kupinda munyika yacho gamba yomukati, kunoita kuti uone chikuru chinhu kubva tinoberekwa mairi. Vanorota Rodion Raskolnikov kweshoko wakakurira basa rinokosha pano. Yeuka Somuenzaniso, hope zvakaipa, kuti gamba ichi vaona zuva pamberi umhondi. Rodion aiva mwana uyo anotarira sebhiza vanodzvinyirirwa utsinye kurohwa. Tenzi hasha benzi dzakapiswa rufu kubudikidza mhuka. Uye mweya Raskolnikov, uyewo mweya mumwe nomumwe wedu, pane kutsutsumwa pamusoro ichi kuuraya sakodzera, utsinye kushatirwa uye tsitsi nokurwadziwa kwevamwe.

Mhirizhonga muupenyu chaihwo

In iyi nzira, Raskolnikov chaizvoizvo ane ichigumbura mweya, mhando. Asi maitiro webhiza wacho muridzi yemanyorero iri yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Matambudziko pechiitiko ichi chinoreva, Chokwadi, kwete chete kune mhuka kufanira. Pashure pezvose, sezvakanga utsinye, kururama uye oma hwevanhu vakawanda vane kutsungirira kunetswa kubva varidzi upenyu. vanhu ava utsinye kunyadzisa, kuvadzvinyirira, vanogona kunyange kuuraya, kana vachida. Uye zvirokwazvo kuuraya - mupfungwa, kana kwete mumuviri. Pashure pezvose, kuti ndiwo ariko varombo vanhu vakaita Sonya Marmeladov, Rodion mhuri, kana asiri munhu anononoka rufu? Raskolnikov akamuka, vakatya kupfuura zvose hatiiti umhondi paitikira bhiza, uye akabereka zvarongwa. Nature Rodion vapanduki. Zvisinei, mupfungwa dzake anoramba kurarama pfungwa iyi. Uye chido rive chokwadi chete ine rinorema pfungwa iyo kare Marmeladov mhuri gamba.

Raskolnikov vakarinda rufu mumhuri, iyo kwasvika yokunyanyisa dhigirii pokunyadziswa Soni, uyo anomanikidzwa kutengesa muviri kuti zvokudya nehama dzavo nehanzvadzi. Pashure paizvozvo Rodion kujeka yokuti akakweretesa anofanira kuurayiwa, ikava tsanangudzo yokuti pakati vaaida uye nounyoro kuteerera.

Raskol'nikov akasarudza kuita pamuviri

Raskolnikov pachake rinoreva "vasanangurwa" uye aida kuratidza kuti pachavo uye vamwe. Zvichida yomukati kutamburira ari gamba, uye vangadai kupera zvakasiyana. Pamwe haana kuzoshinga ichiri pamusoro Implementation wake hurongwa utsinye. Zvisinei, zvakanga ipapo kuti anodzidza pamusoro mumwe kusaruramisira - kutambura mai vake, uyewo unoda hanzvadzi kurohwa - kuroorwa murume asingadiwi. Rodion Anovhundutsira yemberi Dunya, akafanana nenzira dzakawanda njodzi Sony. Haagoni kurega izvozvo zvichiitika hanzvadzi yake, uye saka anosarudza dzika urongwa hwake.

The nezvakwakaipira Migumisiro mhosva

Zvinetso yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" chinotonyanya yakadzama pashure kutoita mhosva Rodion. Kutaura zvazviri, achiuraya wekare mukadzi, Raskolnikov anomanikidzwa kutora upenyu uye Lizaveta, kuva kana mhosva. Saka, mumwe umhondi hazvirevi mari - inotungamirira mumwe. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo imwe pfungwa inokosha pamusoro Dostoevsky. Munyori anoda kuti aratidze kuti utsinye uye utsinye mune chete kana, pasinei zvakanga zvakafanira, pave utsinye itsva. It anotakura migumisiro yakaipa kwete chete nokuda vakaita utsotsi, asiwo boka racho ake. Nyika yose iri kuchinja, huru mbiru vari kuparara. Writer panguva dzakazonaka vachiri pamberi gamba iri nzira inoenda kuruponeso, kunyange zvazvo iri kuburikidza kutambura.

The kuda hana gamba

All dzemitemo dzedu, manzwiro, pfungwa kuti kuona Raskolnikov akatamisa navo kutambudzwa. Somugumisiro mutongo uyu anomutswa hana Rodion. Dostoevsky pano kunoratidza kuti nyikadzimu wemunhu.

Kuvharira pachako kubva upenyu mumudzimu kune mitemo mhosva - kuti zvinetso yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". izvi ndozvinoitika pamwe Rodion Raskolnikov. Vakapara mhosva, iye ave vanyaradza nyika, munzanga, vakasurukirwa mu kutambudzwa uye kutambura. Zvaindidya sezvinoita munhu ane mhosva.

Nepfungwa huru basa

Zvimwe mifananidzo iri yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" kubvumira munyori yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvakadzama kupinda zvinetso basa. Dostoevsky chikuru pfungwa anoisa mubvunzo dzendege Porfiry, Raskolnikov, uyo rinokurudzira: ". Iva zuva - uye iwe uchaona" Nemamwe mashoko, chete kuburikidza munhu zvichienderana, yakakwirira, zvakanaka, unogona kusimuka munyika. Sonya anonzwa saizvozvo. Zvinosuruvarisa, musikana uyu akanga ari ake pachake chiitiko chinosuruvarisa kuona izvi.

Nokupfupikisa mibvunzo husingaperi uye tsika tsvakurudzo, kutungamirira munyori gamba, uye nawo tose kuziva kudikanwa kurarama upenyu chipo, kwete kufunga somunhu anotenderwa chete kuburikidza mutsa uye rudo kuburikidza mukushandira vamwe uye kuti vavariro dzakanaka dzakanga zvavanhu uye kururamisira. Ndiwo zvinoreva yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Usamborega rirasikirwe neururami zvinoenderana pakunamata uye wemuhu. Uye nhasi tiri pedyo munyori akamutsa dambudziko. Muna nganonyorwa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" chinhu chinokosha chaizvo pfungwa, izvo zvinogona kunyevera muverengi pamusoro zvikanganiso muupenyu, uye kurishandisa kurudyi nzira.