Quantum teleportation: Zvakawanikwa zvikuru yefizikisi

Quantum teleportation ndeimwe protocols inonyanya kukosha quantum mashoko. Zvichienderana mumuviri pfuma nenyonganyonga, ndicho chikuru che-siyana mashoko mabasa uye inomiririra chinokosha quantum ruzivo vachitamba rinokosha iri pakuzadzisa quantum kadambari, network uye kukurukurirana.

Kubva renyaya kuti zvinowanikwa nesayenzi

Zvave pamusoro makumi maviri kubva kuwanikwa quantum teleportation, izvo zvichida ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru dzinonakidza uye anonakidza migumisiro "strangeness" pakati quantum Vanamakanika. Asati ava zvakaitwa zvakawanwa zvikuru, pfungwa iyi ari kunyikadzimu renyaya. First yakaitwa muna 1931 na Charles H. Fort rokuti "teleportation" Kubvira rakashandiswa kutsanangura neurongwa hwakashandiswa muviri uye zvinhu zvaive kubva panzvimbo imwe neimwe, hazvina chaizvoizvo kukunda kure pakati pavo.

Muna 1993 akabudisa imwe nyaya kurondedzera dzakati kuti quantum mashoko, inonzi "quantum teleportation", uyo vaiita zvimwe zviratidzo pamusoro apa. Rusingatombozivikanwi mamiriro chaiyo gadziriro kunoyerwa uye zvadaro kuburitswa kana "kuzodzosera kuenda" iri kure nzvimbo (zvinooneka zvemamiriro pakutanga ino vanoramba munzvimbo chinja). Izvi zvinoda dzenhoroondo nzira yokukurukurirana uye anobvisa superluminal kutaurirana. Zvinoda upenyu kuvhiringika. Kutaura zvazviri, teleportation anogona kuonekwa dzakati mashoko quantum kuti zvakajeka zvikuru chinoratidza hunhu nenyonganyonga; pasina kuvapo ezvinhu kuchinjwa asingadi kuva zvichibvira mukati yechinangwa mitemo tsanangura quantum Vanamakanika.

Teleportation akabatanidzwa chaizvo kukura sayenzi mashoko. Kudivi rimwe, iri Conceptual dzakati, iyo anobatsira inokosha basa kukura chakarongwa quantum ruzivo dzidziso, uye pamusoro mumwe chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira michina zhinji. The quantum repeater - munhu chinhu chinokosha-refu daro kukurukurirana. Teleportation quantum haizoshandisi, computation yakavakirwa kuyerwa uye quantum nomumbure - vose nomukaka ayo. Rinoshandiswa senzira nyore chishandiso pakudzidza "ngozi" kubva wefizikisi, pamusoro pfupi makakombama uye kwemvura ine maburi vatema.

Nhasi quantum teleportation yasimbiswa mumarabhoritari munyika uchishandisa siyana substrates uye ruzivo, kusanganisira photonic qubits, zvenyukireya rinobva resonance, Manyiminya modes, mapoka kwemaatomu, ari kubatwa mumusungo maatomu uye semiconductor enyika. Mutsindo zvabuda vave kubudirira mune teleportation siyana kuuya kuedza pamwe satellites. Uyezve, vakaedza kuti kukwira kumusoro kupfuura dzakaoma nehurongwa.

teleportation pamusoro qubits

Quantum teleportation yakatanga kurondedzerwa nokuda maviri-pamwero mugadziriro, vanonzi qubits. Protocol kufunga kure mapato maviri, anonzi Alice uye Bob, uyo kugoverana qubit 2, A uye B vari vakachena vakakorekana mamiriro, anonziwo Bell peya. Pamukova Alice akapiwa mumwe qubit uye vane mamiriro ρ harizivikanwi. Zvino anoita vadyi quantum kuyerwa, yainzi kuwanikwa Bell. It anotakura uye A mune imwe mana Bell rinoti. Somugumisiro, mazano mamiriro ari qubit kana akayera Alice haarambi uye Bob B qubit panguva projected pamusoro P _{^†, k} ρP _k. Mumakore danho dzakati Alice transmits munhu dzekare mugumisiro yakayerwa yayo Bob, uyo anoshandawo Pauli P _chaithanya opareta kudzorera chepakuvamba ρ.

The kwokutanga mamiriro munhu qubit Alice anonzi kusazivikanwa, nekuti zvimwe ari dzakati ipfupi kwayo kure kuyerwa. Uyezve, zvingava pacharo kuva chikamu chikuru rinoumba gadziriro, nomudzimai bato wechitatu (mu iyi kubudirira teleportation zvose zvinoda playback correlations iri bato wechitatu).

A chaiwo vachiedza quantum teleportation anotora wakachena hwepakutanga uye chomumwe arufabheti kukunyimai Somuenzaniso, matanda ari Bloch bhora matanhatu. In pamberi decoherence chatingatevedzera reconstructed wehurumende kungaratidzwa quantitatively yakarurama teleportation F ∈ [0, 1]. Izvi Kururama pakati in Alice uye Bob, neavhareji pamusoro zvose vasabatwa migumisiro Bell uye arufabheti yepakutanga. Nokuti muduku tsika rakarurama nzira dziripo, zvichibvumira kuti kukwana teleportation pasina oma mokuwana. Somuenzaniso, Alice anogona zvakananga uyere yaro hwepakutanga nokutumira Bob achigadzirira Pamusana wehurumende. chipimo-Kurovedza uku nzira rinotaurwa se "dzekare teleportation." It ane kunonyanyisa rakarurama F _mukirasi = 2/3 upi chiyamuro mamiriro, zvakafanana earufabheti kungoreva unbiased ezvinhu akadai Bloch bhora matanda matanhatu.

Saka, ainyatsoratidza wokushandiswa quantum zvinhu chinhu zvakarurama ukoshi F> F _kirasi.

Hapana qubit

Maererano quantum wefizikisi, teleportation pamusoro qubits hakungoitwi, zvinogona kusanganisira Multi-dimensional hurongwa. Nokuti mumwe finite nechiyero D inogona akagadzira akanaka zano teleportation kushandisa hwaro maximally angapingirishwa ehurumende vectors izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva akapiwa maximally vakakorekana ehurumende uye hwaro {U _K} unitary dzaishandisa hunogutsa ^{_{TR (U † J U k)}} = dδ J, K . dzakati kwakadaro kunogona kuvakwa kuti finite-Hilbert nzvimbo r. N. chero discrete shanduka hurongwa.

Uyezve, quantum teleportation anogona kushandisa kuti hurongwa pamwe magumo Hilbert nzvimbo, rinonzi akaramba-shanduka gadziriro. Kazhinji, ivo vakaziva ne Manyiminya boson modes, yemagetsi munda inogona kurondedzerwa quadrature dzaishandisa.

Speed uye kusava nechokwadi musimboti

Chii kumhanya quantum teleportation? Information ari chinopfuudzwa panguva kumhanya rakafanana kumhanya kwemashoko chete nhamba Classic - zvichida kumhanya chiedza. Tichingotarisa, unogona saizvozvo kushandiswa sei dzenhoroondo haagoni - somuenzaniso, mune quantum kadambari, apo mashoko dziripo chete wacho.

Ko quantum teleportation kutyora nechokwadi Principle? Kare, pfungwa teleportation haina chaizvoizvo ainyepa nenyanzvi, nekuti yakanga vaidavira kuti inotyora nheyo inorambidza chero Kuyerwa kana kushanda pakuvheneka muitiro dzokubvisa zvose mashoko atomu kana zvimwe chinhu. Maererano nenhungamiro chokwadi, mashoko kunyatsoenderana chinhu ari tarisa, ndipo riri kuchinjwa kushanda pakuvheneka muitiro kusvikira pfungwa zvasvika kana hwepakutanga chinhu akavhiringidzika zvokuti zvakawanda hazvigoni kuwanwa ruzivo zvakakwana kusika yakatofanana. Zvinoita inogutsa: kana munhu haagoni kusvina mashoko kubva chinhu chokusika makopi akakwana, yokupedzisira haigoni kuitwa.

Quantum Teleportation nokuti Dummies

Asi masayendisiti matanhatu (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa, Asheri UFARISINI, uye Uilyam Vuters) vakawana nzira kumativi pfungwa iyi, achishandisa rakakurumbira uye gangaidzo kuchiitwa quantum hurongwa inonzi Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Vakawana nzira atarise ruzivo teleported chinhu A, uye vanosara mugove untested nomukombiyuta mugumisiro kutapurirana zvimwe zvinhu uchikurukura A haana kugara.

Zvadaro, nokushandisa C dzokupisa zvaanoda tarisa mashoko inogona akapinda hurumende A kuti atarise. Uye iye haasi chete ezvinhu sezvo rakachinja kushanda pakuvheneka muitiro, saka kubudirira ndiwo teleportation, kwete kuberekana.

Kutamburira kuwanda

• Yokutanga quantum teleportation kwakaitika muna 1997 kusvika panguva imwe chete nemasayendisiti kubva paYunivhesiti Innsbruck uye University of Rome. Panguva kuedza kuva photon panobva ane polarization, uye mumwe peya angapingirishwa photons akachinjwa kuitira kuti rechipiri yepakutanga polarization photon akapiwa. Nokudaro vose photons vari munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva nepedyo.
• Muna 2012, pakava dzose quantum teleportation (China University of Science and Technology) kuburikidza YOMUMAKOMO nyanza nechokure 97? Km. Boka masayendisiti kubva Shanghai inotungamirirwa Juan Iinem akakwanisa kuva zvepabonde mashandiro kuti kubvumira chaiyo Vanosarudzwa danda.
• Muna September, zvinyorwa quantum teleportation musi 143? Km akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze chete gore. YeAustria masayendisiti kubva Academy of Sciences Austria uye University of Vienna vachitungamirirwa Antona Tsaylingera yakabudirira zvitange quantum inoti pakati maviri Canary Islands pamusoro La Palma uye Tenerife. Kuedza vakashandisa miviri Manyiminya kukurukurirana mitsara pachena, kvantumnaya uye chekare, kakawanda uncorrelated polarization tangled peya photons manyuko, sverhnizkoshumnye chete-photon michina uye batira wachi yaunonyanya kushandisa.
• Muna 2015, vatsvakurudzi kubva US National Institute of Standards uye Technology kokutanga akaita kuchinjwa mashoko pamusoro chinhambwe vanopfuura 100 km kubva Manyiminya faibha. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti nemhaka akatanga akasika photon detector kushandisa superconducting nanowires ose molybdenum silicide.

Zviri pachena kuti yakanaka ane quantum gadziriro kana zvigadzirwa haasati kuvapo uye Zvakawanikwa chikuru ramangwana kuchiri kuuya. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinogona kuedza kuziva zvinobvira vaida dzakananga mafomu ose teleportation. Inzwi hybridization pavo akapa nguva dzose uye nzira vanogona kupa vaizotibata zvikuru ramangwana quantum teleportation yayo mafomu.

pfupi akareba

Teleportation chinhambwe (1 m) somunhu quantum computation subsystem vaizotibata semiconductor mano, zvakanakisisa iri Mufananidzo QED. Zvikurukuru, superconducting qubits transmonovye anogona kuvimbisa deterministic uye yakarurama zvikuru teleportation chip. Ivo vanobvumira zvakananga aibuda-zvechokwadi nguva, izvo zvinoita sokuti matambudziko pamusoro photonic Chips. Mukuwedzera, anopa zvakawanda scalable mapurani, uye nani kusangana kuti zviripo ruzivo sezvo zvichienzaniswa yapfuura kuswedera, akadai vakavharirwa ions. Pari chete drawback idzi hurongwa sokuti ndiyo coherence nguva yavo shoma (<100 MS). dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa nokushandisa QED kusangana pamwe semiconductor nematunhu chamupidigori Ensemble ndangariro masero (senitrogen-kuchiiswa mabasa kana sekristaro doped pamwe pasi isingawanzowanikwi okunze), izvo zvinogona kupa refu coherence nguva yokuti quantum ose date chekuchengeta. Pari, Implementation iri nyaya chikuru kuedza masayendisiti.

City linked

Us teleport kuguta pakafunuka (akawanda kilometers) inogona kukudziridzwa vachishandisa Manyiminya modes. At kurasikirwa zvakakwana pasi, izvi hurongwa zvinopa kumhanya uye bandwidth. Vanogona yaibva yagadzirwa pa-desktop implementations kuti svikiro-siyana enyika kushanda pamusoro mhepo kana Manyiminya faibha, pamwe zvinoita kusangana ane Ensemble pamusoro quantum ndangariro. Over madaro marefu, asi hwakaderera nokukurumidza kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza vakaberekwa nzira kana dzichiri repeaters akanaka kwakavakirwa non-Gaussian kwendangariro.

telecommunication

Long-kure quantum teleportation (100 km) une nzvimbo, asi achine chirwere ane dambudziko rakashama. Polarization qubits - zvakanakisisa vatakuri kuti yakaderera-nokukurumidza teleport pamusoro refu internet optic tikurukure uye kubudikidza mhepo, asi panguva yacho dzakati chinhu probabilistic nokuda kukwana vasabatwa Bella.

Kunyange probabilistic teleportation uye yakatokura vari akakodzera mafomu akadai DISTILLATION pamusoro yakatokura uye quantum cryptography, asi zviri pachena vakasiyana kutaurirana umo mazano mashoko anofanira kunyatsochengetwa.

Kana tikabvuma ichi probabilistic hunhu, ari Implementation ari Satellite vari mukati pasingasvikirwi michina ano. Kuwedzera kudyidzana pakati Tracking nzira, chikuru dambudziko ndivo mukuru nezvinhu anokonzerwa aparadzirwe danda. Izvi zvinogona kukundwa vari configuration apo yakatokura riri kuparadzirwa kubva Satellite kusvika pano teresikopu huru aperture. Vanozvitutumadza kwomwedzi aperture pamusoro masendimita 20 pa 600? Km kukwirira uye 1 M aperture teresikopu pasi, mumwe anogona kutarisira vanenge 75 db kurasikirwa ari downlink nzira idukusa 80 db nekurashikirwa pasi pamwero. Implementation of "pasi Satellite" kana "shamwari Satellite" vakawanda kunzwisisa.

quantum ndangariro

kushandiswa Yemberi teleportation sezvo chikamu scalable network iri akarondedzera kusangana waro quantum ndangariro zvakananga. Ekupedzisira vanofanira kuva wakanaka panyaya kunyatsoshanda kutendeuka inowanikwa "nemwaranzi-nyaya ', ane kururama kurekodha uye kuverenga, nguva uye kuchengetwa vanokwanisa, kumhanya uye kuchengetedza vanokwanisa. Chekutanga izvozvo kunoita kuti kushandisa repeaters dzekugonesa nhaurirano kure rakananga kutapurirana uchishandisa kukanganisa kururamiswa Codes. Kukura zvakanaka quantum ndangariro aizobvumira kwete chete kugova yakatokura uye teleportation nomumbure muchikurukurirana, asi chokuita ribude kuchengetwa mashoko. Pakupedzisira, izvi dzaigona kuva richikurukura pose richiparadzirwa quantum kombiyuta kana hwaro ramangwana quantum Internet.

vaizotibata kuitika

Nuclear ensembles rakagara richidudzirwa vaiona anokwezva nokuda kwavo vakarongeka vatendeukire "chiedza-nyaya" uye avo millisecond nguva kuchengetwa, izvo zvinogona kusvika MS 100 vaifanira zvinoparadzira chiedza munyika yose. Zvisinei, zvakawanda yepamusoro zviitiko zvino kutarisirwa pahwaro semiconductor mugadziriro, apo rakaisvonaka kuruka Ensemble quantum ndangariro revatema zvakananga chete scalable mavakirwo redunhu QED. ndangariro Izvi hazvigoni chete aita coherence nguva redunhu QED, asiwo kupa Manyiminya-microwave inowanikwa nokuda interconversion ose Manyiminya telecommunication uye Chip microwave photons.

Saka, remangwana Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti mumunda quantum Indaneti vanogona kuti kwakavakirwa kure Manyiminya pakukurukurirana, conjugated semiconducting dzakabatana kuti quantum ruzivo kugadzira.