Science - chii ichi? Definition, musimboti, zvinangwa, nzvimbo uye basa nesayenzi

Sayenzi - ndiyo nokure nounyanzvi basa munhu, uyewo mamwe - .. Industrial, dzidzo, etc. The musiyano wayo chete iri pakuti huru chinangwa icho anodzingana - kuwana zivo yesayenzi. Ndicho kwayo specificity.

History sayenzi

Ancient Greece anonzi kuva nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuEurope nesayenzi. Venyika ino yokutanga kuziva kuti munyika munhu, handiye chii vanhu vanofunga, kuridzidza chete kuburikidza kutsinga dzinouya maonero. Greece yakanga rokutanga kuti kuchinja kutsinga dzinouya kuti chaihwoihwo, kubva zvaibatanidzwa zvenyika kudzidza mitemo yayo vakatipoteredza.

saka, Science muMiddle Ages kwaibva yebhaibheri, yekudyidzana seiyi kukura kwayo. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, mugumisiro yaunganidzwa Galileo, Copernicus uye Bruno Kuwanika akatanga kuva kuwedzera zvazvinoita nzanga. MuEurope muzana remakore rechi17 akatora nzvimbo muitiro waro inotungamirwa sezvo pasocial sangano: yakasimbiswa zvikoro uye nzanga kwesayenzi, magazini dzesayenzi dzinobudiswa.

New siyana sangano zvayo vabuda pakupera kwezana 19-20th emakore. Tsvakurudzo ne mumarabhoritari, kutsvakurudza nzvimbo. Science akatanga kuva nehasha zvakafanana nguva imwe simba guru pamusoro pokumuka kugadzirwa,. Akava mhando chaiyo - kugadzirwa pakunamata.

Nhasi mumunda sayenzi vari zvinotevera 3 zvinhu:

• sainzi somugumisiro (mvumo ruzivo rwesayenzi);
• sezvo izvi (mabasa kwesayenzi kwazvo);
• sezvo pasocial sangano (a yakatarwa nesayenzi, masayendisiti).

Science sezvo pasocial sangano

Design uye kwesayenzi masangano (uyewo mazana akasiyana R & D), mumaraibhurari, anovaraidza uye mamiziyamu vanobatanidzwa ezvinhu nemasangano yesayenzi. The mumayunivhesiti pfungwa yakawanda kwadzo. Mukuwedzera, muna yechipiri zvikoro dzokurovedza muviri, lyceums, nhasi vakawanda mabasa vanachiremba uye musarudzo sciences, uye saka masangano aya ose vachishingaira mubasa sayenzi.

mushandi

Chero basa yevanhu zvinoratidza kuti munhu akatakura. Science - pasocial sangano, nokushanda kwenhengo chiri zvinogoneka chete pamberi vashandi vanokwanisa. Kudzidziswa zvavo kuburikidza akapedza chikoro, uyewo soiskatelstvo miteva dhigirii, paakavapa kune vanhu vane dzidzo yepamusoro avo vakapfuura chaiwo bvunzo, uye yakabudiswa migumisiro pakutsvakurudza ake uye paruzhinji akadzivirira chinyorwa chake. Doctor Sayenzi - zvikuru vanokwanisa vashandi kuti vari kugadzirira kuburikidza soiskatelstvo kana kuburikidza doctorate nominated pakati musarudzo.

Science somugumisiro

Mberi rinotevera rasssmotreniyu chokuita. Somugumisiro, sayenzi - kwegadziriro ruzivo yakavimbika pamusoro murume, hunhu uye nzanga. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa tsanangudzo iyi ndivo vaviri zvinokosha hunhu. Chekutanga, sainzi - chinhu interconnected yakatarwa nezivo nevanhu kuti musi zvose anozivikanwa nyaya. It anosangana zvinodiwa kusachinja-chinja uye kukwana. Chechipiri, musimboti sayenzi kuwana yakavimbika ruzivo, izvo zvinofanira kusiyaniswa kubva zvezuva nezuva, mhuri, tinoberekwa munhu wose.

Properties nemasayendisiti somugumisiro

1. The tinofanira kugara hunhu zivo yesayenzi. Inzwi racho pamakore 10 kaviri.
2. The Kusiyanisa sayenzi. By kusabatana uye Kusiyanisa vanotozvikuvadza kuunganidza ruzivo yesayenzi. Kune zvitsva matavi aro, akadai: chechikadzi zvepfungwa, magariro zvepfungwa uye nevamwe.
3. Science pachinhu muitiro zvinotevera mashandiro sezvo kwegadziriro ruzivo:

• anorondedzera (kuwanda uye nekuvunganira chokwadi, mashoko);
• rinotsanangura - Tsanangudzo kwemasayendisiti uye mananara, avo zvemukati zvigadziriswe;
• pamutemo kana prescriptive - kubudirira kwayo Somuenzaniso, mutemo unoti zvaanoda kuchikoro ari kugadzirwa, etc.
• nokupfupikisa - the Pfungwa mitemo nemirayiro, izvo nokupinza uye systematize zhinji kwadzo chokwadi uye zvakavapo;
• chokufenbera - ruzivo urwu anogona kufanotaura pachine zvimwe zviitiko uye pezvakaitwa wamboonekwa.

mabasa Scientific (science sechinhu chinongoitika)

Kana vaiita mubasa ndehwokuti kubudirira migumisiro yakanaka, basa nesayenzi zvinonzwisiswa kuti vaongorori vanofanira kutsvaka kuwana ruzivo rutsva yesayenzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsanangudzo sei nemhaka imwe nyaya zvinoitika chakanaka kana chakaipa, uyewo achifanotaura dzokushungurudzwa iyo ichava nzira imwe kana mumwe. Uyezve, kana ari vaiita anofunga zvakaoma uye panguva imwecheteyo zvose zvinoumba basa, nevatsvakurudzi iri kazhinji kufarira kudzidza muruoko mumwe chete zvakadzama. Somuenzaniso, mune mashoko hurongwa munhu - muviri iyo ine zvimwe uremu ine zvimwe nguva inertia, etc. nokuti mishonga iri yakaoma reactor apo mberi panguva mamiriyoni akasiyana nemakemikari ... Vanachiremba vanofarira dzinotsanagura ndangariro, pfungwa, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kureva, neimwe ongororo sainzi siyana pezvakaitwa uye zviitiko pamusoro vakatsunga maonero. Saka, nenzira, zvinogona chete kududzirwa sezvo hama chokwadi. chokwadi chizere zvesayenzi haungambofari, ndiko chinangwa metaphysics.

Basa nesayenzi evanhu vemazuva ano

Mazuvano zvesainzi kunyanya vagere nyika zvakajeka kunzwisisa kukosha uye nenzvimbo nesayenzi muupenyu hwedu. Nhasi, dzakawanda pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna Implementation evanhu tsvakurudzo muminda siyana. Vanhu vanowanzoda kuziva mashoko matsva pamusoro nyika, kuti asike michina mitsva kuti kuvandudza chirongwa kugadzirwa zvinhu.

Descartes 'nzira

Sayenzi nhasi Nde chimiro cheruzivo munyika nomunhu. Musimboti - zvakaoma okusika muitiro pasi-hunoshanda uye basa nepfungwa yacho musayendisiti. Descartes akagadzira mukuru mitemo izvi sezvinotevera:

• Tinogona kugamuchira chinhu chechokwadi chero hakuna akapa yakajeka uye akasiyana;
• kugoverana mibvunzo zvakaoma nhamba zvikamu hunodiwa kuzvigadzirisa;
• Zvinonzi kunodiwa kutanga kudzidza zvikuru dzinokodzera uye nyore kuziva zvinhu, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kune zvakawanda zvakaoma;
• nokuchengeta musayendisiti - mari zvose pfungwa uchifunga zvose; zvinofanira kuva nechokwadi chose kuti haana kurasikirwa chinhu.

Yetsika chinhu nesayenzi

Zvikurukuru chenjera musayenzi ano mibvunzo chokuita ukama pakati musayendisiti pamwechete munharaunda, uyewo evanhu basa nevatsvakurudzi. Tiri kutaura sei mune ramangwana muchashandisa mberi nemasayendisiti, kwete kudzoka kana ruzivo runowanikwa pamusoro murume.

Zvakawanikwa vari kuvabereki engineering, mushonga, zvipenyu zvakapa mukana kushanda zvinechinangwa pamusoro nhodzera ezvinhu zvipenyu zvokusvika kuumba mamwe rine zvakafanorongwa ehupfumi zvipenyu nhasi zvinokwanisika. Inguva kusiya nheyo rusununguko kwesainzi, unfettered kwokutanga. Tinogona kubvumira pakusikwa zvombo zvinoparadza. Definition sayenzi nhasi, saka, kunofanira kusanganisira chokuita divi, sezvo harigoni kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera mune izvi.