Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: a Biography pfupi kuti vana

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, pfupi Biography iyo inoongorora zvezvaidzidziswa - yakakurumbira geneticist, munhu Russian nyanzvi, geographer, muvambi dzidziso matangiro kukudziridzwa zvinomera uye zvipenyu zvigadziko selection, kwakabva initiator kwezvisikwa yakatarwa kwesayenzi masangano, akaberekwa muMoscow musi November 25, 1887. musayendisiti Russian akaita nomupiro chinokosha sayenzi, iyo inozivikanwa zvipenyu pose.

Passion zvinomera kubva pauduku

Baba Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - anobva mumhuri murimi mudiki, aiva mutengesi wechipiri chikwata, uye vaiita nevamwe. Pamberi chimurenga akatungamirira manufactory fekitari "Uninstall uye Vavilov." Amai - Alexander M. - aiva mwanasikana the artist-wamabwe Prohovskoy manufactory. All mumhuri, paiva nevana vanomwe, vatatu vacho akafa pauduku. The munun'una Musayendisiti nezveramangwana - Sergei Vavilov - akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna wefizikisi, yakavambwa pachikoro Soviet zvesayenzi mumuviri optics, muna 1945-1951 iye kuenda Academy of Sciences of USSR. Hanzvadzi mukuru Alexander akasarudza zvokurapa nzira, achiva murongi Moscow utsanana network. Ridhiya - hanzvadzi muduku, akadzidza kuva microbiologist, panguva imwe nzendo abatwa chibhokisi uye akafa. Nikolai Vavilov, pfupi Biography Zvinofadza admirers vake basa yesayenzi, kusafanana nedzimwe vana, kubva pauduku Aifarira kasvisto uye fauna of uye yakakwirira susceptibility kuti sayenzi zvakasikwa. chitandadzo ichi pave zvisingawanzoitiki mabhuku, mepu uye herbarium yaiva yakakura raibhurari yababa vake, uye nekusimudzira paumbwe imwe genetics ramangwana.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: a Biography pfupi kuti vana

By kuda Nikolai Vavilov, baba chikoro zvokutengeserana. Pamusoro Payakapera, muna 1906, akava mudzidzi Institute of Agriculture (Agronomy weVadzidzisi Vedare) muMoscow. 1908 aizivikanwa mudzidzi rwendo pamusoro Transcaucasia uye North Caucasus, apo Vavilov N. I., pfupi Biography iro vanofanira kudzidza kwakarongwa, yaiitisa nenzvimbo uye botanical tsvakurudzo. Muna 1910 zvakaitika agronomical zvinoitwa Poltava experimental chiteshi, Vavilov nokuchengeta mamwe basa rinobereka.

Munguva yokudzidza paInstitute propensity nokutsvakurudza basa akaratidza Nicholas kakawanda; mudzidzi vakapa hurukuro pamusoro amadzitateguru avo chirimwa nyika uye zvokuongorora Morphology, kwakamutsa chinyorwa pamusoro kupfeka hozhwe, kwokuvadza munda Moscow province. Nokuti basa iri, Nikolai Vavilov akanga paakavapa kuMoscow Polytechnic Museum. Apedza, aizobudirira jaya asiyiwa kuti kugadzirira professorship panguva Department of Agriculture uye akatsunga maberekero ravarwi tsika, apo akatanga kudzidza rakada kukudziridzwa miti kutapata kune notumwe, utachiona hwacho. Parallel izvi, Nikolay Ivanovich akadzidzisa panguva Institute for Women uye Agriculture.

Kujairirana zvakaitika vazvo European

Kubva 1911 kusvika 1912 aiva internship ake pana St. Petersburg, chinangwa raiva zvakawanda zvakadzama sumo nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva kurimwa zviyo, kudzidza maitiro avo uye chirwere, uye muna 1913 - rwendo kunze kwenyika kuti apedzise dzidzo yavo. MuGermany, Nikolai Ivanovich aishandira imwe nguva mune imwe wokuGermany muzivi rabhoritari uye zvakasikwa Ernsta Gekkelya, muFrance akaziva itsva nebudiriro maberekero mbeu muEngland, akatungamirirwa Professor William Bateson (Chimwe chikuru nhaka kwezvinhu iyoyo), iyo Vavilov vaiona mudzidzisi wake, akadzidza kutsiga nezvirwere ezviyo. The War World First aiva mhaka kudimburira basa, uye Nikolai aifanira kudzokera kuMoscow, kwaakaramba achishandira pamusoro kudzidza chirimwa kutapata, kuitisa kuedza mumaguta nemaruva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe Purofesa Zhegalovym S. I.

Sei akafira Persia varwi Russian?

Muna 1916, Nikolai Vavilov akagamuchira dhigirii tenzi mushure zvinobudirira nepamahofisi bvunzo; munguva imwe chete, izvozvo kusaita basa rechiuto nemhaka imwe kuremara kuona (vakuvara nenzira youduku ziso), akaunza somunhu consultant pamusoro nyaya vakawanda zvirwere muPezhia varwi vehondo wokuRussia. The mhaka chirwere akakwanisa kuziva Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Short Biography vana 2 rinotsanangura kirasi kuti apinda furawa makobiri cockle mbeu chakuvhe Stromantinia temulenta, berekai zvinhu zvinogwambisa Kusvibisa munhu - ane alkaloid temulin. Mugumisiro nezvaaizoita kwaiva kurasikirwa pfungwa, nezvipusha, hope, uye dzungu; paiva nomukana rufu. Chinetso chacho kugadziriswa inorambidza kushandisa omunzvimbo zvigadzirwa; zvokudya vazvo Akatanga Russia.

Agamuchira mvumo kuitisa utungamiriri uto kunorwa, Vavilov akaenda zvakadzama Iran, vachiisa vavarira kuongorora mimwe omunzvimbo bota. Kudyara mbeu muna England Persian gorosi, Nikolai akaedza dzakasiyana kukanganisa vake powdery nokuvhuvha nokushandisa senitrogen fetiraiza kunyange kukonzera chirwere. kuedza zvose zvaiva kubudirira apo vasayendisiti vakagumisa kuti rokuzvidzivirira miti iri zvakananga novimba zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu yepakutanga chimiro mhando. Zvaive munguva rwendo urwu, Nikolai Ivanovich akazviratidza kubvuma kuti mitemo magene kushanduka.

basa kubudirira

1917 aizivikanwa nesananguro Vavilov kuti vabatsiri mukuru weDhipatimendi Zvakarurama bhotani panguva dzinouya Regel R. E. Hapana masayendisiti vaishanda pamusoro chirimwa kutapata, asingagoni kuuya dingindira yokutanga saka pedyo panguva imwecheteyo zvakazara kusimbisa nyaya, sezvakaita Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. Short Biography vana anotiudza kuti muna 1917 musayendisiti vakatamira Saratov apo panguva Higher Courses of Agriculture vakaenda weDhipatimendi maberekero, genetics uye pasiri kurima. Sezvo ndiri purofesa panguva Agronomy weVadzidzisi Vedare kubvira 1917 kusvika 1921 muna Saratov University, Vavilov mu kufanana hurukuro Akagadzirawo experimental kudzidza kutapata zvirimwa. Mugumisiro basa iri guru, izvo zvinosanganisira kudzidza anoverengeka zana akasiyana gorosi uye oats, ongororo zvirwere nemarudzi uye avo susceptibility nechirwere, anoratidza mano anatomical, vakava yakabudiswa muna 1919. The monograph "The kutapata zvinomera kuti zvirwere."

Muna 1920, ivo akakurumbira musayendisiti akaita mharidzo pamusoro pamurayiro majini variability pamusoro homologous dzaitevedzana kuna Third All-Russia Congress, arongwe Committee raakanga kuenda. Mushumo akava kupfuura chiitiko kwenyika zvipenyu nesayenzi, uye zvakanaka yakagamuchirwa masayendisiti.

Kuedza, tsvakurudzo, kubudirira

Muna 1920, pashure pokunge akasarudzirwa pambiru musoro weDhipatimendi Zvakarurama bhotani uye Selection, Nikolai Vavilov, pfupi Biography iyo anorondedzerwa mabhuku akawanda, akatamira Petrograd, apo akatanga hombe nzira kuitisa basa nesayenzi. The musoro sangano, pakupedzisira kunzi All-Union Institute of Plant Vavilov kusvikira pakupera 1940. Pamwe chete AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich akatumwa kuUnited States uko nekambani mbeu wedzerai, kuongorora panguva imwecheteyo, zviyo-kukura nzvimbo US nenharaunda. On kudzoka musayendisiti akashanyira Belgium, Holland, France, Sweden, England, apo achisimudzira anoverengeka misangano masayendisiti, akasangana maberekero dzemapurisa uye tsvakurudzo mumarabhoritari, makasimbiswa kwokubatana itsva uye akaronga kutenga michina nesayenzi, mabhuku uye yepamusoro mbeu.

1923 aizivikanwa Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova sarudzo sezvo Director of State Institute of experimental Agronomy. Panguva chirongwa zviri musayendisiti iri 20s vazhinji tsvakurudzo pazviteshi, kudzidza uye kuona dzakasiyana siyana anobatsira zvirimwa akasikwa dzakasiyana-siyana okunze uye ivhu zvemupiro USSR.

chipo An chinokosha sayenzi

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha hunonyatsobatana kuti nesayenzi nzendo, chinozoiswa kubva 1924 kusvika 1929. Uyu Afghanistan, Africa, Mediterranean, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, umo masayendisiti kuwedzera muunganidzwa mbeu (mu vezviuru ivhu), uye dzikabereka kudzidzwa nzvimbo kurima.

Muna 1927, nokuti mashoko kwazvo "Geographical kuedza kudzidza variability kuti kurimwa nezvinomera USSR", iro Nikolai Ivanovich akaita muRoma panguva musangano nyanzvi okurima, masayendisiti vakanga paakavapa kuGold menduru, uye Conference vakasarudza kushandisa dzakabudirira Vavilov mamiriro nenzvimbo zvirimwa munyika yose.

Nikolai Vavilov Family

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, pfupi Biography iyo inotaura chaizvo ake kubudirira munyika sayenzi, ave akaroora kaviri. mudzimai wokutanga aiva Ekaterina Nikolaevna musayendisiti Sakharov, wanano uyo aiva mwanakomana, Oleg. Akafa muna nemakore 28 kuCaucasus panguva padombo kukwira. mudzimai wechipiri - Doctor pamusoro Agricultural Sciences, zvipenyu Elena Barulin nako Nikolai kujairana kubvira panguva vaaidzidzisa (1918); musikana wechidiki munyaya ramunoita akawanda chipangamazano wake (kusanganisira pakundopambara zasi-nechokumabvazuva Russia), achinyora nyaya, yaisanganisira mubhuku Vavilov panyaya munda zvirimwa. Family Elena Ivanovna uye Nikolay akasikwa 1926. Kubva muchato uyu akaberekwa Yuri Vavilov, uyo akava chiremba sciences mumuviri uye akarongeka, yefizikisi renyukireya uye akaita zvakawanda kuti atsvake ruzivo pamusoro baba vake uye vavo bhuku.

Nokuda pakusikwa Vavilov Institute for Fruit Kukura, miriwo uye mbatatisi kwemauto, subtropical zvirimwa, viticulture, zvokudya, somushonga uye zvinomera zvinonhuwirira - anopfuura zana nesayenzi masangano. Muna 1930, Nikolai Vavilov vakananga ari Leningrad nemagene murabhoritari USSR Academy, muna 1931 - All Union Geographical Society.

Zvinosungisa uye kupomera nhema

Rinobudirira pose Kuzivikanwa Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova haunted iye godo, uyo akanyora tsamba kuna Stalin pamwe kupomerwa enyika, izvo akapomerwa Vavilov ari oga kubva chaiye mhosva zvokurima, zvematongerwo unzenza umo Vavilov haana kusiyanisa vavengi simba yeSoviet wechokwadi. Parallel mufambiro kutambudzwa paruzhinji mune periodicals. Kubvira 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich yakarambidzwa kubva kunze kwenyika, basa rake rinowanikwa kuti kusingagutsi.

Vavilov akasungwa August 1940, mhosva pakaunda-echimurenga mabasa. Muna 1941, musayendisiti akatongerwa rufu; mutongo akatsiviwa muna 1942 ne mutongo wemakore 20. Nikolai Ivanovich akafa kuchipatara Saratov mujeri, akanga achirwara ari mujeri nemabayo, manyoka; mugore rapfura upenyu kutambura dystrophy. Rufu kwakakonzerwa kwokuderera cardiac basa. Paakanga afa musayendisiti wokuRussia akanga rehabilitated muna 1955: zvose zvaaipomerwa vakanga akagadzira, nhema. Kuvigwa Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, pfupi Biography kuti kufarira vakawanda admirers wake muguva, pamwe nevamwe vasungwa.