Rizivikanwe arctic vatsvakurudzi

Arctic akasiya vanhu pakupera kwezana XIX uye XX emakore. Izvi zvakaoma-kuti-kumucheto nezvokumwe daredevils kubva kunyika dzakawanda: .. Russia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, etc. Nhoroondo kuwanikwa kweArctic - hazvisi chete zvesainzi, asiwo yemitambo nhangemutange kuramba nhasi.

Nils Nordenskiöld

Arctic aiongorora Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) akaberekerwa Finland, ipapo Zvisinei vaiva Russia, uri Swede pakuberekwa, rwendo rwake kuitwa pasi Swedish mureza. In hwake akashanyira vazhinji Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld aiva wokutanga mufambi 'vanokwereta' ari Greenland chando pepa. All anozivikanwa vatsvakurudzi vari kweArctic pakutanga XX remakore ari chakakodzera vaimuona somunhu GODFATHER kuti ndege yake.

The chikuru budiriro pamusoro Adolfa Nordenshelda aiva rwendo wake North-East Passage muna 1878-1879 biennium. The steamer "Vega" akatanga imwe yerwendo yakanga achitevedza kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Eurasia uye zvakazara skirted kondinendi rakakura. Munorumbidzirweiko Nordenskjold zvinofungidzirwa zvizvarwa - zita rake akapa vakawanda tsaukana zviri kweArctic. Izvi kusanganisira rezvitsuwa pedyo Taimyr uye Gulf pamusoro New Earth.

Robert Piri

Doma Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - kunyanya munhoroondo polar nzendo. Ndiye - wokutanga kweArctic aiongorora uyo akakunda North Pole. Muna 1886, kuti aiongorora vakabuda kuyambuka Groenlândia pamusoro Sled. Zvisinei, munhangemutange akarasikirwa kuna Fridtjof Nansen.

The ipapo arctic vatsvakurudzi vaiva EXTREMALS zvakatonyanya pfungwa pane zviri ikozvino. Asi kwakanga kusina michina yemazuva ano, uye daredevils vaifanira kushanda zvinenge tinongoita. Takananga kukunda North Pole, Peary akasarudza kuenda upenyu uye tsika Eskimos. Nemhaka "tsika mukutsinhana" American akasiya kushandiswa avete mumasaga uye nematende. Asi, akanga kushandisa tsika yokuvaka igloo.

Home Travel Piri - rwendo rwake wechitanhatu kuna kweArctic muna 1908-1909. The chikwata yaisanganisira 22 vokuAmerica uye 49 Eskimos. Kunyange zvazvo, sezvinoita mutemo, kweArctic vatsvakurudzi takaendeswa kumigumo yenyika pamwe zvinangwa nesayenzi, kambani Piri umbwa chete kubva chido kuisa zvinyorwa. North Pole yakakundwa vatsvakurudzi April 6, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

Kokutanga Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) akaenda kweArctic muna 1897-1899 gg., Kupi akatora chikamu muBelgian rwendo, yaiva aidzidzisa rimwe zvikepe. Vadzokera kumusha kwake Norway akatanga kugadzirira akazvimirira kufamba. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, vatsvakurudzi kweArctic rinonyanya vaifamba guru zvikwata pamidziyo akawanda. Amundsen akasarudza kusiya tsika.

Polar aiongorora akatenga yacht duku "Joa" uye akaunganidza duku simba kuti aigona vakazvimiririra vazviriritire nokuda kunovhima uye kuungana. rwendo urwu kwakatangwa muna 1903. Pokutangira yaiva Odin Zimbabwe, uye yokupedzisira - Alaska. Saka, kutanga Raul Amundsen akakunda Northwest Passage - gungwa nzira kuburikidza Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Yakanga isati yamboitwa kubudirira. Muna 1911, yokutanga aiongorora polar munhoroondo vanhu kwakasvika South Pole. Mune ramangwana, Amundsen kufarira kushandisa ndege, kusanganisira airships uye seaplanes. The mutsvakurudzi akafa muna 1928, kutsvaka chisipo rwendo kubva Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) akatanga kusora kweArctic vachingonakidzwa. Somunhu nyanzvi muaizi uye skier, iye makore 27 okuberekwa vakasarudza pamuchinjikwa-nyika Skiing chihombe Greenland chando chivharo uye wokutanga kuedza akaita kare.

North Pole asati uchikundwa Peary, Nansen uye akasarudza vabudirire aikosheswa pfungwa, rakakukurwa pamwe aizi pamusoro schooner "Fram". Chikepe rokutapwa chando kuchamhembe Cape Chelyuskin. chikwata polar akaenda Vatasvi, asi muna April 1895, richisvika 86 madhigirii rwokumusoro Latitude, wakadzoka.

Gare gare Fridtjof Nansen haana muzvirongwa yokupayona nzendo. Asi, iye kunyudzwa amene zvesayenzi, achiva chinoshamisa wemhuka uye munyori gumi nevaviri zvidzidzo. Mamiriro anozivikanwa nomukurumbira Nansen kunetseka nemigumisiro First World War mu Europe. Akabatsira vapoteri vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana uye nenzara Volga. Muna 1922, Norwegian kweArctic aiongorora akanga paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize.

Umberto Nobile

Italian Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) anozivikanwa kwete chete somunhu polar aiongorora. zita rake Rinobatanidzwa ne yegoridhe nguva airship. Amundsen, uyo akarova pamusoro pfungwa mhepo kutiza pamusoro North Pole, akasangana ane nyanzvi mune aeronautics Nobile muna 1924. Nechekare muna 1926, rokuItari kambani Argonaut Air uye American eccentric shoroma Lincoln Ellsworth akaenda epochal kutiza. The airship "Norway" vakatevera kusingaenzaniswi rokutanga nzira Rome - North Pole - Alaska Peninsula.

Umberto Nobile akava gamba renyika, uye Duce Mussolini vakamuita mukuru uye honorary nhengo yechiFascist Party. Kubudirira chakaita kuti airships ari apiwa muvaki kuronga pakundopambara. Panguva ino, violin rokutanga chiitiko vakaridza Italy (ndege polar uye wakanzi "Italy"). Kudzoka kubva North Pole airship yakadonha, chikamu vashandi akafa, uye Nobile akanunurwa ake chando Soviet aizi "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites Feat - yakasiyana nedzimwe peji munhau polar ubanguranyika kumiganhu. Rinobatanidzwa ane kundikana kuedza vagadze wekushandisa achitevedza Northern Sea Route. Rakafuridzirwa musayendisiti Otto Schmidt uye Captain-polar Vladimir Voronin. Muna 1933, ivo vakatumira steamer "Chelyuskin" uye akaenda pakundopambara achitevedza kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Eurasia.

Soviet arctic vatsvakurudzi vakatsvaka kuratidza kuti ari Northern Sea Route zvinogona kutapukira kwete chete pane imwe zvikuru kugadzirirwa motokari, asiwo nyore chitakuriso. Zvechokwadi, akanga ari bheja, uye zvakava pachena kuti hapana chakanaka chatichaita muupenyu ari Bering Strait, apo chando makapwanya chikepe chakanga chakaparadzwa.

The vashandi kuti "Chelyuskin" akakurumidza anobviswa, uye guta guru basa nehurumende aronge kununura polar vatsvakurudzi akasikwa. Vanhu kumusha nendege zambuko achibatsirwa ndege. Nhoroondo "Chelyuskin" uye ake rikarira akakunda nyika. Vezvikepe, vanunuri kutanga kugamuchira zita Hero of Soviet Union.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) akabatanidza hwavo pamwe gungwa sezvo jaya, akapinda Rostov makirasi nautical. Asati pakuva Arctic aiongorora, aiitawo hondo wokuRussia-Japanese, umo Ndarayira Avangard chikepe.

Yokutanga polar rwendo Sedov kwakaitika muna 1909, paakatsanangura muromo wacho Kolyma River. Akabva amutsvaka nyika itsva (kusanganisira ayo Krestov Guba). Muna 1912, mukuru refutenendi hwaratidza kuti tsarist hurumende chirongwa nechireyi rwendo, chinangwa yaiva North Pole.

Zviremera vakaramba dzinotsigira nengozi. Ipapo akaunganidza mari kubva private mari uye rwendo achiri akarongeka. chikepe chake "St. Foka" akanga zvakavharwa neaizi pa Novaya Zemlya. Sedov ipapo akarwara chakakuvara, asi vachiri achiperekedzwa neshamwari dzakawanda vakaenda Sled kuna North Pole. Polar akafa munzira pedyo Rudolf Island, apo akavigwa.

Valery Chkalov

Kakawanda kupfuura Russian Arctic vatsvakurudzi chokuita nezvikepe, sleighs uye imbwa sledding. Zvisinei, mupiro wayo adzidze polar dzezvimwe uye akaita vezvikepe. Huru Ace Soviet Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938) muna 1937 akaita wokutanga ndirovedze ndege kubva kuMoscow Vancouver vachishandisa North Pole.

Buddy bhurigedhi mukuru parwendo akava co-mutyairi Georgy Bajdukov uye aidzidzisa Alexander Belyakov. maawa anopfuura 63 of svosve-25 rwakatanga nzira-refu 9000 makiromita. Magamba Vancouver kumirira venhau pasi pose, uye US President Roosevelt pachake wakagamuchira vezvikepe muna White House.

Ivan Papanin

Anenge zvirokwazvo Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - yakakurumbira Soviet Arctic aiongorora. baba vake aiva Sevastopol vashandi port, hazvishamisi kuti mukomana ari muduku aibvira gungwa. Kuchamhembe Papanin akazviratidza kekutanga muna 1931, ndichishanyira mungarava "Malygin" Franz Josef Land.

kubwinya mabhanan'ana kune Arctic vatsvakurudzi akauya nemakore 44 okuberekwa. In 1937-1938. Papanin akatungamirira basa yokutanga munyika kukukurwa "North Pole" chiteshi. mazuva 274 vakapedza masayendisiti zvina chando, akataririra mhepo kwePasi uye hydrosphere kweArctic Ocean. Papanin akava Hero of Soviet Union kaviri.