Colima (rwizi) kupi?

It kuitira zvakaitika kuti zita Kolyma kureva nzvimbo kuti anosanganisa Magadan Region uye Yakutia, fated kuva musimboti munyika mujeri maitiro mazano. Heino mumisasa zvikuru zvinotyisa, uye zita iri rakanaka rwizi rukuru kuchamhembe Russia ichiri chokuita nechisimba udzvanyiriri. Asi tichataura pamusoro zvinoshamisa hydronyms - simba vakapfuma Kolyma rwizi akatakura zvose upenyu - uye madzinza ane selivshimsya refu pamwe dzarwo, uye nhasi hatisi kufunga kuvapo pasina yakazaruka idzi vafambi Russian.

A Nhoroondo shoma

First River Kolyma (Halyma Yakut) anotaurwa pamushumo Pomor-aiongorora Mihayly Staduhina, musoro rwendo, izvo kwakaguma kuwanikwa kunyika itsva nembiya uye Indigirka Alazeya (1639), uyewo mujinga muna muna 1644 panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika of Kolyma chando nepedyo. Anotaurawo kurondedzera yaisazoraramika zvemo - zvehondo chukchi, anodzivirira ayo nzira pachavo youpenyu uye tora nguva kupa mutsa munhu. Yukagirs, Tungus, chukchi, Evenki, ragara Mahombekombe izvi uye obzhivshie yaisazoraramika nzvimbo, vanoita hove, kuvhima, imbwa sledding gare gare.

Nizhnekolymskiy musasa rakavakirirwa chando chaiva pokutangira yemberi nzendo uye achifamba ari kutsvaka rinorema dzisina mundima. Kubva makore 1647-1648 nyika uye mvura rwendo, kupedza mufananidzo nharaunda tsamba rondedzero.

The akakurumbira polar aiongorora Dmitry Laptev, uyo akasvika sezvo chikamu Great Northern rwendo, muna 1741 inorondedzerwa rokumusoro kunosvika rwizi, uye vakauya kuna pamuromo Kolyma River, zvakananga ducts yakakodzera Stone Kolyma, pakaitwa mamiriro - imwe kuziviswa bhikoni, izvo akazova ikure vakawanda zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza. Kubva pano yakakurumbira musango Wrangell, Billings nevamwe vatsvakurudzi zvakafanana yakakurumbira. Ndiyo nyaya kuwanikwa munzvimbo idzi, yaisazoraramika, nehasha, asi anoyevedza uye hunoita kunoshamisa runako yokuchamhembe. Ngatimboongororai apo Kolyma River akaberekwa, izvo anotakura mvura yaro, iyo nzira kuita uye kuti vanosangana nazvo.

Origin of zita

Masayendisiti haasati asvika ari nekubvirana nezvekwakabva zita (Colima). Evens - zvemo vagari vomunzvimbo idzi, akamudana Kullu, iro rinoshandurwa kubva Turkish zvinoreva rwizi. Nhasi zita iri hwaponeswa chete rworudyi tsime Kolyma River. Michael rinoti Stadukhin Yakov uye gare gare yaizivikanwa murume ano - Kolyma. Muidze etymological kubatana pakati Kullu uye Kolyma hazvibviri kuvanhu, uye nharo hypotheses nezvemavambo zita Yukagir uyewo vari pasina uchapupu. Zvichida nokusingaperi kuramba chakavanzika chinoshamisa zita - Kolyma River. Aripiko kutanga kwayo, tinodzidza mberi.

panotangira

Kolyma akaumba zviviri unobatanidza Okhotsk- Kolyma Upland bhuku: rwizi Ayan Yuriakh, anoburukira pakati matombo Halkan muhomba uye rwizi Kullu yakabuda nzizi mbiri girenayiti kunozvikurudzira Suntar-Hayata. Hazvina kubva pano kuti rwizi motokari kurutivi rwokumusoro kweArctic Ocean.

Kolyma River runoyerera apo

Nomudziyo wokushambidzira nechigadziko rechibharo zhinji akagwadama yakakura of Magadan nharaunda, Khabarovsk Krai, Yakutia, anobata nzvimbo Chukotka uye Kamchatka. Tichigadzira nzira wayo penyanza kubudikidza permafrost, skirting matombo makomo, kuti Kolyma River mainozonodira East Sea Siberian pamwe 3 miromo simba:

• Eastern - Shipping Stone Kolyma kuva hwakasimba 20-kiromita paupamhi. muromo kureba 50 km uye kudzama - vanenge 9 m.

• svikiro - Pokhodsk Kolyma, ruoko kureba 25 km, wakafara makubhiti 0.5 kusvika 2 km uye kudzika 3.5-4.5 m.

• West - Kolyma chukchi, anewo zvinoorora chaizvo kukura: kureba 60 km wakafara makubhiti 3-4? Km nokudzika - 8-9 m.

Delta urefu zvitsigiro anenge 110 km, uye nharaunda yacho 3 kunosvika anenge zviuru akaenzana. ? km.

Kureba uye unhu

Chii Kureba rwizi? Colima ane kureba 2129 km uye kana iwe kuverenga kubva kupi Kenelichi - River, rworudyi mutero kuna Kullu, izvozvo anowedzera kusvika 2513? Km. Anenge 1400? Km Kolyma runoyerera mhiri expanses of Magadan nharaunda, vakasara zvayo nzira anomhanya kuburikidza Yakutia, uye matsime dziri muna Khabarovsk Territory.

Nzvimbo parwizi bheseni zvinoorora zvikuru -. 643 zviuru ba M. ? km. Pamahombekombe kuruboshwe ndipo Kolyma Valley, sezvingatarisirwa kupatsanura nembiya of Kolyma uye Indigirka. The STRUCTURAL Kuronga Highlands zvinosanganisira akawanda inclusions pakati chaicho igneous pamatombo zvake ari Mesozoic nguva, izvo zvinoita kuvapo deposits goridhe munzvimbo idzi. The putika hunhu panotangira rwizi pamwe Mangondo ngozi gomo zvishoma nezvishoma anopa nzira pamapani ari Kolyma pamapani ari aibuda chivimbo-rakadzikama. The mubhedha zvikuru meander chinoumba akawandisa dzisimbe. Dzimwe nzvimbo pamahombekombe unofadza zvikuru - mvura unoshambidza zvivi nemabota matombo, achifumura vanonzi "notes", zvekare Loose deposits - yakaorera nzvimbo zvidzidzo matongo kuti vakawana mapfupa mammoths. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo mhenderekedzo marshy kana yakafukidzwa namuka madhaka kuti anogona kuuraya mhuka uye kunyange vanhu.

Mushure Kolyma River Highlands mugwagwa vakaisa mhiri expanses pakati Yakutia - chikuru mutsinga yeRussian zvokuvhoterwa-kubereka goridhe. Pano, kuruboshwe-pamahombekombe divi Kolyma pamapani zvishoma nezvishoma inopfuura kubva pamapani woKumusoro achinaya mvura.

Kolyma River: inflows

Kurudyi yoRwizi kurutivi rwokumusoro-kumadokero tatamuka kuti girenayiti-schist Kolyma makomo akafukidzwa kunoshamisa coniferous zvinomera. Pano kunotanga rechibharo zvose Kolyma - Bahapcha, Buyunda, Balygychan, Sugoy, Korkodon, Berezovka, Kamenka, Omolon, Small uye Anuy Large. Kusiyiwa rechibharo -. Seimchan, akatakura, Yasachnaya, Popovka, Zyryanka, Ozhogina, Sededema River, etc. Kwete pasina mungano dzekare rakanyorwa zvizvarwa zvemo kuti Eastern kweSiberia, kuti Kolyma River zvichienzaniswa nevana vakawanda, kukosheswa, nokurerwa uye vana 35. Ndiyo uwandu rechibharo - zvikuru kana kukosha muna Kolyma murwizi ikoko. Maererano nengano, ndakwegura mai rwizi akapa vana atenderwa: kuva norupo, yakadzika, hove, kutarisira vanhu vaigara pedyo. mumwe inflow Omolon chete aifanira kuva mutsigiri kwaari. Zvechokwadi, izvi mutsika pamberi zvose vakasununguka echando muchirimo, tichifudza Kolyma.

A chakakombama nzira penyanza

Writhing kumativi ose, kubva Kolyma River parwendo rwake kubva kuchamhembe-kumavirira kuchamhembe-kumadokero, dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisa vachisiya padivi uye kuita ibvi hombe. Saka, kuruboshwe mutero kuna Kolyma Shumikha achienda kumabvazuva, uye ipapo anoenda kumaodzanyemba, zvishoma nezvishoma aligns kutungamirirwa kuchamhembe kusvika confluence pamusoro wayo River Zyryanka. Saka, Achitsaudzira uye wrapping, Kolyma anosvika Vyatkina Maturakiti, apo kamwe zvakare Achiputira zasi-kumabvazuva, ipapo anochinja nhungamiro kuchamhembe-kumadokero kubva muguta Srednekolymsk uye zvakare anotendeukira kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. mirayiridzo iyi vakaramba uye chikuru Omolon inflows, asi mushure confluence rworwizi Anyuya inodzora kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, anochengeta nechekare mirayiridzo iyi Bay mu kweArctic Ocean.

Izvi anokurudzira paumbwe meandering mukati muzvizhinji kuyerera. Somuenzaniso, pasi Verkhnekolymsk Shipanovskaya aibuda pave hombe nzvimbo yakakwana Shipanovsky Island iri dzakaderera kunosvika kworwizi muromo Konyaeva duku shoma mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka akaumba yose kupararira zvitsuwa, rinonzi nhasi chitsuwa. Akabva huru mugero munzvimbo turakiti michinjikwa Zahrebetnaya mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka zvakabatana pana Kolyma Nizhnekolymsk, ndinosika chihombe elongated chitsuwa 110? Km urefu uye upamhi kubvira 10 kusvika 20 km.

hydrological unhu

Kolyma - kupa yakavhenganiswa rukova, zvinganaka chando-mvura pamwe gradation 47% uye 42%. 11% weveta replenishment Pasi Pevhu. Muzhizha mvura pamwero anodonhedza zvinokosha, achifumira chete panguva madzvotsvotsvo. Kuitika uye kwenguva pfupi mafashamo. The tembiricha mvura murwizi dzose pasi, yemanyorero zvakawanda haana kumuka 10-15 ° C, uye chete wakanyarara azara zhizha zuva shoma munzvimbo July kupera anogona ushamwari 20-22 ° C. Kolyma pachioma muna October, mumakore inotonhora - pakupera September. Ndinoda inotanga chando vasakukurwa uye panowanikwa sludge inotungamirwa yakarembera chando madhamu, nguva iyo zvichisiyana 2 pamazuva kuti mwedzi.

Free echando Kolyma River pamusoro pakarenda yezhizha. Kuputsa-up agare kubva 2 kusvika 18 mazuva, izvozvo kunowanzoguma kuzara chaizvo.

kutumirwa

Kutanga kubva pamuromo rwizi Bahapchi, Colima anova navigable. Zvisinei, nguva dzose kufamba midziyo rinoitwa kubva kuchiteshi Seimchan. Ya vanoshingaira kufamba nguva iri 4-5 mwedzi. The chikuru zvengarava of Kolyma - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cherskii.

kushandiswa kwevanhu

In rezasi kunosvika murwizi yakatanga hove, dzokubudisa zvicherwa. Simba yakanaka rwizi hwokumusoro nhasi munhu, ichipa iye mhando hove kwete chete, asiwo magetsi ikabereka pana Kolyma HPP. Izvi Hydroelectric chirimwa navo. Sarudza Frishter akavaka pedyo nomusha Sinegorye uye zvinowanisa svinga magetsi, riri zvinokwana 95% of nharaunda. Kolyma HPP - chete yokumusoro pavaipfuura Pazvinoitika hydropower dzemapurisa Kolyma. Nhasi inoguma kuvakwa Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, unova Danho wechipiri Pazvinoitika. Muna 2013, isu akawana yokutanga hydraulic Unit, uye azere nokutumwa veboka ravarwi ichapa pomugove kudzivirirwa nharaunda uye chinobudirira kukura yemigodhi indasitiri yacho.

Zvino kurarama renguva ruchiyerera uye simba murume haasi zvakazara kudzidza Kolyma River. Photos dzinotaurwa rino anoratidza runako kwayo uye simba, achibatsira muverengi kufungidzira zvinoshamisa runako risingazivikanwi Northern Belle River.