Zvakawanikwa zvikuru remakore rechi20. kuvamba kwazvo

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri tinoshandurirwa upenyu vanhu. Chokwadi, kukura vanhu haana kumbomira, uye ose remakore kwaiva inokosha yesayenzi kuvamba, asi echimurenga zvechokwadi kuchinja, uye kunyange zvakakomba scale, kwakaitika kudaro kare. Ndezvipi zvakawanwa remakore rechimakumi maviri zvave rinonyatsooneka?

avhiyesheni

Hama Orville uye Uilbur Rayt vakapinda nhoroondo vanhu sezvo mutyairi wokutanga. Last asi kwete mudukusa Zvakawanikwa zvikuru remakore rechi20 - mutsva nzira yokufambisa. Orville Wright akakwanisa kuita inodzorwa ndege muna 1903. Ndege, vakava naye uye mukoma wake, akagara ari mumhepo masekondi 12 chete, asi zvakanga budiriro chaiyo avhiyesheni panguva. ndege musi ichaongororwa zuva rokuberekwa kwadzinoita ichi yokufambisa. Bratya Rayt kutanga kugadzira hurongwa kuti dai kumonyanisa bapiro kunyaradzana netambo, vachibvumira iwe kudzora motokari. Muna 1901 mhepo mugero akasikwa. Ivo tega uye hwindimiri. Nechekare kubudikidza 1904, nyika akaona itsva ndege wokuenzanisira, zvikuru yepamusoro uye vanogona kwete chete kubhururuka, asi kuchiita anofambisa. Muna 1905 paiva pfungwa yechitatu, iyo aigona kuramba mumhepo anenge makumi matatu kwemaminitsi. Makore maviri gare gare, hama chibvumirano pamwe US Army, uye gare gare akatenga ndege uye chiFrench. Vazhinji vakatanga kufunga pamusoro chigaro chinotakurwa vatakurwi, uye Wrights akaita zvakafanira yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti muenzaniso yaro kugadzwa wokuwedzera chigaro uye kuti injini zvikuru simba. Kubva muzana remakore rechi20 avhura mikana zvitsva kuti vanhu.

Ekisireyi

Kufanana zvakawanwa vakawanda zvikuru remakore rechi20, yakanga pamwe zvakaitwa kare rechi19, asi zvino vanhu vasingagoni kubudirira pakarepo. Somuenzaniso, maekisirei kutanga kushandiswa muna 1885. Ipapo Wilhelm rontgen vakaona kuti Photographic mahwendefa chakavanzwa pasi chepfungwa chakarondedzera, uye kunogona kuwanikwa irradiation pamusoro marangwanda mufananidzo muviri. Kunyange zvakadaro, aifanira kushanda makore 15 kusvika kudzidza nadzo uye nyama akava zvinobvira. Ndokusaka zita "X-ray" batanidza kutanga remakore rechi20, zvakanga kare ndisingazikamwi zvevoruzhinji. Pakazosvika 1919, mumwe muitiro wakadaro atopiwa kushandiswa zvipatara zvakawanda. The pakuonekwa X-ray kwakachinja kukura mushonga: sokuti idzva bazi Diagnostics uye ongororo. Kusvika panguva mudziyo akatiponesa mamiriyoni evanhu. Saka kana taura masayendisiti hunoshamisa, unofanira zvachose call Wilhelm rontgen.

TV

Scientific uye kwesayenzi dzokufungidzira vakachinja upenyu remakore rechimakumi maviri. Mumwe kiyi zviitiko kwave chidzoke itsva nzira kuparadzira mashoko - TV. Muna 1907, iye patented munhu Russian yefizikisi Boris Rosing. Akashandisa ichi cathode-ray chubhu. Kutendeutsa photocell anonongedzera rikashandiswa. Pakazosvika 1912, iye yakaidzwa kuvamba ake, uye muna 1931 yakatanga aronga nzira nhepfenyuro ruvara. Kubva 1939 akatanga kushanda chiteshi wokutanga. Muna 1944, rimwe ano paterevhizheni mureza akasikwa. Zvichida dzimwe zvakawanwa masayendisiti remakore rechi20 vakanga zvikuru nemashoko kwesayenzi, asi haugoni kuramba matambudziko nhau pamusoro hwevanhu. TV hwachinja nzira yokukurukurirana uye wakashandurwa vanofunga zvenyika vanhu.

cellphone

Zvino fungidzira upenyu pasina smartphone sokuti kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Zvisinei, vakaonekwa zvikuru achangobva. Scientific kuvamba zvinobvumira vanhu kutaura parunhare asi Wireless yagadzirwa chete muna 1973. Martin Cooper, musiki muchitokisi, akakwanisa kudana yebazi mumigwagwa Manhattan. Mumakore gumi, mobile phones vava nyore-siyana vatengi. First Motorola arasikirwe anenge zviuru zvina zvemadhora, asi pfungwa iri chaizvo vanhu vokuAmerica, kuti vanhu vakanga hwakanyorwa tungamidzana kutenga. Uye ano smartphone mudziyo somwana muduku anoti: chubhu chaingova hombe, rairema anenge ari kilogram, asi chete dialed nhamba yacho yaigona kuonekwa pamusoro kaduku kuratidzwa. Akamurairawo zvakakwana kutaura kuti hafu yeawa. Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva pfupi akatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa siyana yokutevedzera, uye mumwe chizvarwa vanhu kumirira nhare dzose, itsva uye zvinonakidza matongo. To musi, mudziyo zvishoma chinhu chaiyo vakasiyana kombiyuta yakawanda features, izvo muna 1973 havana kunyange nezvezvaiitika creators of Motorola muchitokisi.

Internet

Havasi vose Zvakawanikwa remakore rapfuura, anoshandiswa nevanhu zuva nezuva. Asi pakatanga kushandiswa Indaneti akachinja upenyu kunyange muzvinhu zviduku, nhasi rinoshandiswa munyika dzinenge dzose munyika. Zviri Rinobatsira Pakukurukurirana, mashoko acho, mashoko exchange. Izvi simba nokudenga pakukurukurirana. Naizvozvo, uchinyora Zvakawanikwa zvikuru remakore rechi20, pamusoro Internet haagoni kukanganwika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti okutanga matanho mirayiridzo iyi yakaitwa naDr Liklider, musayendisiti aitungamirira US mauto chirongwa kuti kupanana ruzivo. Saka Arpanet rezvebonde yakavhurwa tichibatsirwa iyo muna 1969 pakava umbowo kuchinjirwa kubva University of Los Angeles muna Utah yezvirwere. Hwaro wakaradzikwa, uye muna 1972 Indaneti wakatangwa kune veruzhinji. Pfungwa e-mail. Kugadzirwa Indaneti kwakasvika munyika, uye makore mashoma yaishandiswa nezviuru zvevanhu. Pakazopera zana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vakatendeuka mamiriyoni makumi maviri.

kombiyuta

Mukuru zvakawanwa remakore rechi20 kunowanzoitwa chokuita muzvigadzirwa mberi. Hakuna Kusara uye kombiyuta. Kana tichinzwisisa neshoko svomhu muchina, zvigadziriswe yakadaro iripo kubvira nemanomwe remakore. Asi mudziyo iri ano mupfungwa akaonekwa chete maviri. analoginen kombiyuta, izvozvo yakatanga muna America yakatangwa 1927. By pakati remakore, paivawo wemagetsi. It akasikwa muchina Mark I - wokutanga kombiyuta chaiyo. Pashure mberi ichi aenda nhoroondo kumhanya. chengetedzo nzira atsiviwa chibhakera diskettes, uye ipapo tsindirana disks uye Zvifambiso. Vakachinja uye zvirongwa mitauro. The kombiyuta wokutanga akauya chete kuita algebraic kushandiswa, uye ano mano vari multifunctional mudziyo kuti zvakakodzera mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Instant noodles

Kutaura nezvemabasa Zvakawanikwa zvikuru remakore rechi20, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti zvinoita pakutanga kuaona imwe kunyengedzazve. Instant noodles - yaizivikanwa mhuri chigadzirwa, asi ayo chitarisiko akachinja muviri ezvinhu kicheni kana kusavapo kumabasa uye akanga guru kubudirira. Izvi mhando Pasta tega Japanese Ando Momofuki. Post-hondo Japan yaida zvokudya, uye zvokudya inowanika pasina dambudziko yakawandisa pakuita zvakajeka kuti agadzirise zvinhu. Saka Ando akasarudza kutanga kutsvaga chaiwo noodles. Akaedza nzira dzakawanda kubika, kusvikira akatorwa pasina mbiriso Vachirova, rakanakira kuomesa. Muna 1958 akatanga kugadzirwa noodles ayo, asi nhasi rinoshandiswa gore negore yakawanda kupfuura mabhiriyoni makumi mana huwandu yakafanana chigadzirwa. Chimwe kuwanikwa Ando Momofuki kwave kushandiswa chaiwo epurasitiki mikombe, izvo zvaizoita kugadzira kukurumidza zvokudya pasina midziyo.

kuti penicillin

inozvikudza Masayendisiti akawanda remakore rechi20 nechokuita sayenzi chaiwo, asi chakakomba budiriro mune zvokurapa. Zviri ichi remakore maiva kuti penicillin, mumwe mushonga kuti kwakaponesa mamiriyoni. Iye tega izvozvo wokuEngland Alexander Fleming Muna 1928 vawana mugumisiro chakuvhuvhu mabhakitiriya. Sezvineiwo, Zvakawanikwa zvikuru remakore rechi20 vaisagona muzadze veMubatanidzwa inorwisa mabhakitiriya. nevamwe All Fleming aidavira kuti chinhu chikuru - regai kunetseka utachiona, uye simbisa kutapata. Mishonga zvaiita maturo uye akaramba hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo vaviri makore pashure zvisikwa zvavo. na chete 1943 vakasuwa mushonga vakava zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokurapa masangano. Fleming haana kurega kudzidza tupukanana uye kwete akavandudzika kuti penicillin, asi akasikawo tichibatsirwa Kuwanikwa ake emifananidzo anoverengeka nokuswedera utachiona inokosha fuma.

ballpoint mudanga

Nokudzidza zvesayenzi uye kwesayenzi zvigadzirwa, zvinokwanisika kuti kukanganwa pamusoro diki musha kuvandudzwa kuti vari zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, zvose zvatinosiita ballpoint mudanga akaonekwa chete muna 1943. Tega izvozvo László Biro, uyo aitarisira pepanhau nokudhinda uye achifunga, wadii kuzadza tangi kubata zvakafanana anokurumidza nokuomesa ingi? Vanofanira kuva mukobvu. Kuti havana zvibodzwa yokutanga mubato, bhora anofanira kuiswa ikoko. Ndakafunga nezvazvo zvose, Biro akasika kumumvuri. Vakatama kuArgentina, iye akawana mupinduriri uye akatanga kugadzirwa ingi matanga. Vatengi vokutanga vaiva vafambisi vezvikepe vaigona kushandisa navo, uye nourefu: chakaipa chinyoreso akataura tisina kufurirwa. Muna 1953, wokuFrance Marsel Bik tinoshandurirwa pezvakaita ingi chinyoreso aigona pave isingadhuri nzira kuti vave kuwanikwa munhu uye kukunda nyika.

Washing machine

Mumwe yakagadzirwa, yekudyidzana kuvandudza nzira youpenyu, zvinobatsira vanhu vakawanda kukunda nguo dzakasviba. Washing machine akaonekwa chete muna 1947, kutsiva laundresses panguva pambiru. Wokutanga kuvamba kwakadaro yakaitwa muna US pamusika mapoka maviri - General Electric uye Bendix Corporation. The michina vaiva ruzha uye kusagadzikana, mutengo akanga chete dzichipfekeka. Kushandura ichi mamiriro ezvinhu, Developers vakasarudza Whirlpool, izvo zvakasikwa itsva shanduro wokuwachisa pakati remakore rechimakumi maviri. Akavanza epurasitiki overlays kuti kuderedza ruzha, muenzaniso kunogona kuitwa namavara siyana, uye zvinonyatsorehwa magadzirirwo mhinduro akava zvizhinji naka. Kubvira ipapo, wokuwachisa rwauya mumba asangana aesthetic chinhu. MuSoviet Union mudziyo wokutanga kwakadaro akazviratidza muna 1975 uye akanzi "Volga-10", asi zvikuru kubudirira chete "Vyatka-muchina-12", iro akatanga kubudisa muna 1981. Modern michina inogona yakanyatsoiswa aine kuomesa basa, vane nzira dzakasiyana vachizvitakudza, vanoratidza, kunonoka kutanga timer, uye kunyange kukwanisa kubatanidza Indaneti.