Mapuroteni: kupatsanura mapuroteni mamiriro uye shanda

A anozivikanwa muzivi Karl Marx kamwe zvinganaka zvinotevera tsanangudzo "upenyu" - mufananidzo kuvapo mapuroteni miviri. Uye mashoko aya hazvibviri nharo. At moyo chero mhuka muviri chaizvo zvinhu izvi. Zvii kuona zvavo zvinokosha mabasa? Nokushanda kwenhengo nemapurotini? Kupatsanura, mamiriro uye mamiriro aya zvinhu ichakurukurwa munyaya yedu.

Pfungwa makemikari chepfu

Boka Organic zvinhu dziri zvipenyu, zvinosanganisira mapuroteni, lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi uye nucleic acids. Vose vari biopolymers - hurongwa dzakaoma zvinosanganisira vazhinji yokungodzokorora dzakabatana. Somuenzaniso, lipids ine polyalcohol glycerol uye mafuta acids. Kwakadaro kudzokorora migove vanonzi monomers. Havasi Kunze nemapurotini. Kupatsanura kwemapurotini nezvimwe Organic zvinhu, kazhinji, yakavakirwa mamiriro avo.

Protein - hwaro upenyu

Pachivanhu zvinofungirwa kuti puroteni nechigadziko vane chete zvinenge mhuka. Uye, chokwadi, kuti yemwoyo nenhumbi ichi, isu kudya nyama yenguruve, uye nyama nyama, shiri, mazai nehove. Asi yakawanda iri pfuma iri mubhuku chirimwa zvokudya. Bhinzi (bhinzi, pizi, nzungu, soyabhinzi) Vanoshandisa tsime muriwo nemapurotini.

Sechivako mapuroteni

Mapuroteni vari nyore asi panguva imwe chete nevamwe ayo mamiriro. Vari inoumbwa monomers inonzi amino acids. Ndicho chete makemikari yokunyorera zvinhu zvipenyu, kusanganisira makemikari eremendi senitrogen.

Imwe mapuroteni chinosanganisira amino acids makumi maviri. Uyewo, mumwe monomer rine kabhoni atomu uko chinhu wanamatira rehydrogen, iboka amino, rimwe carboxyl boka uye yakakura. boka iri kwemaatomu, izvo amino acids akasiyana mumwe. Ndokusaka mapuroteni vari saka siyana ari marongerwo uye mabasa yavanobata.

mapuroteni mamiriro

Zvichitsamira kunzwisisa puroteni mamiriro rakakamurwa zvina:

1. Primary kureva ngetani amino acids dzaibatanidzwa peptide kusungwa. Ivo dzinoitika pezvisungo zvenguvo amino uye karboksogruppy.

2. Secondary - the amino iine acid cheni iri wakamonyaniswa kuva zononoka. Connections izvo achiumbwa chivako ichi dzinonzi rehydrogen.

3. Tertiary ari globule. Chinhu Coil of yakazvimoneredza Coils yechipiri mamiriro.

4. Quaternary - globule mamorekuru anomirira boka pezvivako akawanda zvakadaro.

Zvapedzisira mamiriro zvingava untwisted kune chikuru ndiEzekieri. pezvakaitwa ava reversible uye dzinonzi chakazara uye renaturation. Muitiro rokuparadzwa chezvinhu mamiriro - kuparadzwa - ravapo kusingarapiki.

Mapuroteni: kupatsanura kwemapurotini

Zvichienderana makemikari anoumba tisiyanise nyore uye dzakaoma nemapurotini. Wokutanga ine chete amino acids rechipiri anowedzera zvinosanganisira prosthetic boka. Zviri chezvinonhuwira nonprotein hunhu.

Kupatsanura nyore mapuroteni (proteids) maererano nezvavanotenda nemakemikari zviwanikwa. Somuenzaniso, histones uye protamines kuva nezvinhu zvinokosha zvivako, sezvo vakawanda akaumbwa arginine. Ndivo zvinoumba mapuroteni akaoma uye tiri chikamu muchitokisi nuclei. Prolamins muri mapuroteni kuti chirimwa mavambo uye akawanda zviri mbeu ezviyo. Sealbumin uye globulin, - zvinoumba ropa revanhu.

Kupatsanura kunzwisisa kwemapurotini chokuita boka hunhu prostatic. Saka, chikamu glycoproteins, kunze amino acids, carbohydrate residues vanobatanidzwa.

Milk casein, sealbumin, neshiri 'mazai, hove mazai ihtulin - uyewo dzakaoma nemapurotini. Dzinonzi phosphoproteins ine STRUCTURAL chikamu chicherwa acid.

Vakasara DNA uye RNA pamwe amino acids Chikamu nucleoprotein inova chikamu cellular ezvirevo.

In yeplasma ropa, zvemapapu rinenge riri mitochondria, sero membranes muri lipoproteins. prostatic boka ravo rinoumbwa nomukaka kwemafuta.

Ndizvo saka siyana mune maumbirwo kwemapurotini. Kupatsanura kwemapurotini zvinogona inobva matangiro amino acids. Vamwe vavo vanokwanisa vakazvimiririra akaumba mumuviri womunhu. Dzinonzi zvisingakoshi. Amino acids ndemamwe mhando kuzviita chete kubva kunze. Ichi chinokosha amino acids. Vamwe vavo chete mhuka mavambo. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti anoti nyama zvokudya inodikanwa dzose kukura womunhu muviri.

Kupatsanura kwemapurotini Rinoshanda

Pamwe dzichipfekeka mitsetse pane mapoka anoverengeka zvinokosha Organic yeimwe. Enzymatic mapuroteni ndivo chaivo catalysts. Ivo rikurumidze nemakemikari, haina kupinda Zvinoumba zvinhu zvayo. Somuenzaniso, amylase uye maltase zvaisanganisira ari Zvinoumba mate kwevanhu, wakanamatira makabhohaidhiretsi dzakaoma kusvika nyore kare muna nemumuromo mhango. The gastric lipase enzayemu emulsifies mafuta kuti monomers. Pane boka mapuroteni ane vanetsane, kuderera nokukurumidza kubva siyana. Ndivo vakadanwa FIs.

Makemikari vari zvakare zvinhu mapuroteni mavambo. Vanhu nemhuka emit yavo chaiyo nhengo anonzi mumasero. Somuenzaniso, ari pituitary shwanu, riri mujinga uropi secretes kukura kemikari. Iye anopinda ropa, iro rinoungana zvishoma nezvishoma kukanganisa quantitative kuchinja mumuviri.

Safety kwemapurotini ropa inonzi antibodies. basa ravo kuti neutralize nemavhairasi nezvimedu uye vatorwa rakapinza kupinda mumuviri. Antibodies kugona uye kuvaparadza kubudikidza phagocytosis - intracellular kugaya. Kushanda runodzivirira mapuroteni kunotema padanho yevanhu zvirwere, inova kukwanisa kurwisa chirwere nemavhairasi uye kwemabhakitiriya hunhu.

Transport mapuroteni globin chikamu masero matsvuku eropa, izvo itakurwe gasi exchange. Actin uye myosin ndizvo contractile mapuroteni mu tsandanyama tishu.

Heano sezvo dzakasiyana mune marongerwo uye zvinogonekwa pakati mapurotini. Kupatsanura kwemapurotini kwakavakirwa zvinhu zvavo makemikari anoumba uye dzichipfekeka zvinhu.