Basic oxides vavo zvivako

Oxides - a fuma vane mamorekuru ine imwe okisijeni atomu mu oxidation - 2 uye maatomu chechipiri maatomu akafanana.

The oxides vari inoumbwa rakananga maitiro pakati okisijeni uye mumwe fuma kana kuti zvisina kunanga - by manyowa pamusoro pezvingoro, munyu, acids. Kwakadaro mhando yeimwe zvakapararira zvikuru zvakasikwa, uye anogona kuvapo ari muchimiro gasi, mvura kana hwakasimba. goko nyika vari zvakare oxides. Somuenzaniso, jecha, ngura, , carbon dioxide , uye kunyange mvura yekushandisa - mienzaniso vose oxides.

Pane kuva munyu-dzichiumbwa uye nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Salt-wezvamatongerwe somugumisiro kwemakemikari kuita zvibereko munyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira oxides chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye nonmetals, izvo zvakaitwa nemvura kuumbika acid, uye maitiro ane chawo - munyu, zvakajairika uye acidic. To munyu-kusikwa zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, mhangura oxide.

Saka, kubva munyu nesoleobrazuyuschih hazviiti. Somuenzaniso, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, uye senitrogen oxide.

Salt-nokuumba oxides vakakamurwa, uyewo, pamusoro zvinokosha, asidhi uye amphoteric. Tichataura zvakawanda zvakadzama pamusoro huru.

Saka, zvinokosha oxides - ndiko oxides mamwe nesimbi, unoenderana hydroxides izvo ndezvaJehovha mukirasi nezvigadziko. Kureva kuti kuita ane asidhi kwakadaro zvinhu vanoumba mvura uye munyu. Somuenzaniso, K2O, Cao, MgO, uye zvichingodaro. In kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, dzinokosha oxides vari zvakasimba crystalline idzodzo. Dhigirii oksileniya simbi iri yeimwe dzakadaro kazhinji haana anopfuura maviri kana matatu isingawanzowanikwi.

Chemical ehupfumi anokosha oxides

1. Zvaakazoita pamwe asidhi

It ari maitiro ane iine acid oxide zvinoratidza yayo inokosha ehupfumi Zvisinei kuedza izvi zvinogona kuratidza mumwe mhando oxide. Kana munyu uye mvura kuumbwa - saka kumboenda oxide. Acidic oxides zvakadaro chimiro asidhi kudyidzana. A anogona kuratidza amphoteric kana acidic, kana dzinokosha ehupfumi - napo nezvirango. Ndivo misiyano pakati nesoleobrazuyuschih oxides.

2. Zvaakazoita nemvura

In kudyidzana nemvura kupinda avo oxides chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi izvo vakaumba inoverengeka magetsi voltage, achitarisana magnesium. Pamusoro maitiro nemvura, vanoumba soluble zvigadziko. boka iri pasi alkaline oxides uye alkali simbi (barium oxide, lithium oxide, etc.). Acidic oxides nemvura kuumbika acid, uye amphoteric haana sei mvura.

3. Zvaakazoita pamwe acidic uye amphoteric oxides

Vakomana kwayo makemikari hunhu oxides vakaitei nemumwe, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe munyu. Somuenzaniso, dzinokosha oxides vanogona sei pamwe asidhi asi havanzwi vamwe nhengo boka ravo. Chinonyanya vanoshingaira vanenge oxides pamusoro alkali nesimbi, alkaline-pasi uye magnesium. Kunyange chaiye ezvinhu, izvo fused anyatsonzwisisa amphoteric oxides, yakasimba uye gaseous acid. Pamusoro maitiro pamwe acidic oxides, ivo vanoumba runoenzanirana munyu.

Asi zvinokosha oxides mamwe nesimbi sekwaserera uye kushanda regai sei pamwe gaseous oxides (acidic). Vanogona chete kutanga coupling maitiro kuburikidza alloying anyatsonzwisisa asidhi oxides.

4. Redox Properties

Active alkali simbi oxides regai kuratidza raidudzwa achidzikisa kana oxidizing ehupfumi. Kusiyana neizvi, oxides havasi kutoshanda nesimbi anogona kupora marasha, rehydrogen, amoniya kana carbon monoxide.

Preparation wose oxides

1. hydroxides manyowa: insoluble chawo apo nenharo anoora mvura uye zvinokosha oxide.

2. Oxidation chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi: alkali simbi peroxide siyana panguva combustion oxygen, iyo zvino anoumba panozogadzirika iri kuderera kwemitambo oxide.