Chii renyeredzi Orion? Orion renyeredzi mepu. Description ngano

Nyeredzi denga kunyanya akanaka yezhizha. Clear inopisa nousiku yakawanda chiedza pamusoro musoro wake mikuru. Zvisinei, pane nhamba vokudenga, izvo inoonekwa chando mwaka. Izvi zvinosanganisira uye renyeredzi Orion. Driving zvinosanganisira nyeredzi 209, runoonekwa kune kupfeka ziso. Orion tinoonga yakakurumbira vakawandisa chinopenya nzvimbo zvinhu zvayo sezvamunoita, iri nyore distinguishable kubva pasi. The yakanaka nguva zvezvavakacherechedza - kubva November kusvika January.

Kucherechedzwa kwese munyika

Chii renyeredzi zveOrionhi, aizivikanwa anenge vose vagere yedu, nokuti zvinoonekwa zvose hemispheres. Izvi akwanise kubudikidza urongwa yenyeredzi anenge ari mutsara zvomuchadenga neequator.

Muna Northern Hemisphere enyeredzi Orion kunonyanya kuoneka muchando pousiku kumaodzanyemba denga. Panguva ino, nyeredzi nhatu dzichiumbwa bhanhire Orion wacho , uye iri rinenge zvakakwana yakananga mutsetse, vari pedyo pajengachenga mutsetse pane zvishoma angled pairi. Kucherechedzwa siluetti fomu sere zvakanaka-mavara mitumbi. Nhamba hwokudenga kubvira kare chokuita mufananidzo rwomuvhimi zveOrionhi nomunondo pabhandi rake, tsvimbo muruoko imwe uye nhoo mune dzimwe.

muzvinambiri

Renyeredzi Orion vana chinorondedzerwa kokutanga kwete zvidzidzo yezvenyeredzi, uye mukufamba navazikani pamwechete ngano muGirisi yekare. Maererano nengano, gamba, vakabva vakaisa kudenga, aizivikanwa somuvhimi unyanzvi, vane mwoyo akaurayiwa nenzira runako reChinyamutanhatu - the nymphs mwarikadzi Atemisi. Orion kuedza kutaura navo vaiva kubudirira: vavhiringika nymphs zvakatiza uye akadana kubatsirwa anorichengeta yake. Artemis akatendeuka nomwe nedzeChimutanhatu mu senjiva. Ivo nendege mudenga denga apo renyeredzi nokukurumidza akatanga.

Orion akakurumidza kurega kuchema nokuda nymphs uye kudanana Merope - mwanasikana wamambo pachitsuwa Kiyosi Oynopiona. The baba vakakumbira gamba kuita Feat wakafanira ake mwanasikana ruoko. Zvisinei, Orion akasarudza kuita yazvo nenzira: akaisa kunze kuzoba Merope. Mambo vakaziva Hunter mazano uye kutsiva chakamupofomadza.

rufu gamba

Orion refu nguva oga akadzungaira nyika kunotsvaka munhu aigona aonezve ake. Pakupedzisira, akatora tsitsi mumwe Cyclops vasangana uye kwakaita kuti Helios. mwari Zuva akakwanisa kugadzira gamba zvakare kuona. NedzeOrinoni, pasina kufunga kaviri, akadzokera chitandadzo ake. Mukutsvaga pechaabata, uye Artemis vakacherechedza, zvikuru kwazvo kunovhima. nokukurumidza Orion akava naye anoda, atsamwa kwazvo mukoma vanamwarikadzi - Apollo. Akasarudza husingatongozoparadzwi oumhizha muvhimi. Apollo, Artemis aiziva kudada pakukurukurirana akabvunza kururama ayo kubaya uye kunovhenekwa kunoburitsa kuti iye vanoedza varove iri kure rima pfungwa, glimpsed mugungwa mumvura. Mwarikadzi nyore kukurira basa, asingazivi kuti pfungwa yave musoro zveOrionhi, uyo akasarudza kutora Dip.

Nokukurumidza, Artemis aiziva kuti aiva muurayi wake waaida. Orion kuchema, iye akaita mhiko dzose kumuyeuka uye akaisa pakati nyeredzi. Saka richipenya denga Orion - renyeredzi. Ngano nezvoUmambo kutapwa mumwe pachake gamba. Maererano neimwe shanduro, mune tariro yokuva murume runako Merope iye akashinga ndakarwa nezvikara pangozi vagari pachitsuwa Kiyosi. Kunokunda zvose, zvisinei, haana kuwana musikana, uye akabatwa uye vakapofumadzwa baba vake. Asangana pamwe Helios rakadzorerwa Orion aiona, asi pashure penguva yakati, akanga auraya akatsamwa Atemisi - musande aive mhuka.

zvakanaka-anozivikanwa

Saka, zvinoita sokuti Orion renyeredzi nhasi, unoonekwa uye zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda kare. Uyu ndiwo mumwe nhamba yokudenga, mune chokuudzwa "Almagest" Klavdiya Ptolemeya, hunoumbwa vanenge 140 AD. Kuteerera wakapa Orion rekare haisi netsaona; renyeredzi izere rakajeka okunze, vanooneka zvakakwana kubva Earth, uye ichi chinokwezva pebhanhire maziso. Nyanzvi Modern uyewo regai yokunzvenga vokudenga mufananidzo divi. Vazhinji zvinhu, izvo dziri pano, ari kwazvo kuzivikanwa.

The maviri Nyeredzi chakajeka munyika renyeredzi zveOrionhi - ndiye Rigel uye Betelgeuse. Kufunga izvi zviviri pfungwa, zviri nyore kuwana mudenga siluetti ane muvhimi zvachose.

Alpha Orionis

Betelgeuse mu Arabic rinoreva "hapwa". Star zita rinotsanangura zvakajeka nzvimbo yaro. Bright nguva anoiswa kurudyi hapwa rwomuvhimi. Nechepakati Kupenya Betelgeuse gumi nezviviri nguva kupfuura zuva. The kukura nyeredzi kupfuura muchadenga pakati Mars. Ichi dzvuku supergiant akaparadzana kwatiri chinhambwe 540-650 chiedza-makore. Nderake munhu semiregular shanduka nyeredzi, kusanduka nenguva yayo kuona uchenjeri. The penguva iyi shanduko Betelgeize - kubva 0,4 kusvika 1.3 nokukura, uye dzinokosha nguva runogara 6 makore.

Beta Orionis

Pasinei nokuti Arifa inongova Betelgeuse, hachisi chakajeka pfungwa, chine mufananidzo renyeredzi zveOrionhi. Rigel (Arabic kuti "rutsoka") kukasapfuura huchibvutwa parameter ichi. Luminosity Nyeredzi zvikuru rezuva vanenge 130,000 kakapetwa kure nesu kwakanyorwa (maererano nokufungidzira siyana) pakati 700 uye 900 chiedza makore. Rigel - the nyeredzi pedyo Earth, kuva luminosity rakakura kudaro. Visual zvikuru - 0,12.

Rigel - yebhuruu-chena supergiant, inova chikamu nyeredzi hurongwa. shamwari yake iri Rigel muduku zvikuru wakachena: pachena nokukura kwaro vanofungidzirwa pa 6.7. Kure pakati maviri hurongwa anenge 2200 AU. The napedyo kune yakajeka supergiant Rigel zvinoita nokuziva teresikopu. The Hurongwa ane chinoumba wechitatu - Rigel C.

upenyu hupfupi

Akadaro nyeredzi renyeredzi zveOrionhi ndiye Betelgeuse uye Rigel nokuti ayo massiveness uye luminosity huru vakatongerwa pfupi kuvapo. The zera vose zvinhu vanofungidzirwa makore anenge mamiriyoni 10: ivo vaduku zvikuru kupfuura Sun, ine makore anopfuura mabhiriyoni 4,5 .. Kusvikira makore edu nyika, havangavi kukwanisa kurarama. Mukanyiwa huru, iyo pave chinokosha kukosha kwakaita kumanikidzwa unokurudzira nokukurumidza chaizvo pisa-mafuta dzakawanda nyeredzi. Somugumisiro, chinoumba collapses pamusoro nguva, kuva Nyuturoni. Naye dhumhana uye hazviiti kana kuwadzana chihombe kwokunze deko velocity. Pachava yechipiri mhando supernova kuputika.

A yakafanana mugumo kwakamirira uye Rigel uye Betelgeuse. Munguva zvikuru kuchinja Kuputika muvhimi ndeuke mudenga vanosangana zvichienzaniswa chii sokuti Orion renyeredzi ikozvino. Pokuwa Rigel chichange yakatsvairwa kubva pasi, masikati nousiku. chikuru nyeredzi achafanana kota mwedzi, zvishoma nezvishoma kupera uye akatendeukira mu asazivikanwa pachivara. Betelgeuse, maererano masayendisiti, achararama nokuda dzinenge zviuru zviviri zvemakore pashure pokuputika kwacho raro saizi kukwikwidzana pamwe Moon. pane shomanana Mumamiriro nyeredzi akadaro richagara asisiri, uye ipapo uyewo kuzodzimwa. Zvisinei, zviitiko izvi - yemberi iri kure, apo yakajeka nyeredzi renyeredzi Orion anopfuurira kuti vanofarira pamwe chiedza chawo.

mapazi

The renyeredzi zvinosanganisira nhamba huru asterisms (zvakanaka zvinoonekwa mapoka nyeredzi rine mazita kuzviparadzanisa zvenhoroondo). Pamusana mumwe wavo, renyeredzi zveOrionhi vose vana nevakuru vava nyore akazivikanwa chero nguva yegore. Izvi muvhimi bhandi, zvinosanganisira matatu nyeredzi zvakarurama inopenya Mintaka (Delta, kubva Arabic "bhandi"), Alnitak (Zeta, rakashandurwa rinoreva "parera bhandi") uye Alnilam (Epsilon, "bhanhire"). Asterism anonziwo se "Kings Vatatu" kana "hara". Three inopenya pfungwa vanoumba substantially akakwana yakarurama mutsetse uye takaparadzaniswa mumwe panguva zvakaenzana akareba. Kana kumaodzanyemba-wokumabvazuva pamucheto mutsetse mberi, ichanongedza kuna Sirius - chakajeka nyeredzi mudenga usiku. The kumadokero Chikamu mutsetse zvinogona kuratidzirwa Aldebaran - red nyeredzi Taurus.

chisote

Kucherechedzwa siluetti weboka renyeredzi wakasika pedyo asterism akadana chisote kana bhatafurayi. Zvinonzi inoumbwa inopenya nyeredzi mashoma: Betelgeuse Rigel, Bellatrix (wegamma) Alnitak, Mintaka uye Saif (kappa).

Wegamma Orionis - wechitatu chakajeka nenyeredzi zvomuchadenga nhamba. Nderake boka chena uye zvitema hofori ane pachena kwakakura 1,64. nzvimbo chinhu luminosity kwezuva runopfuura muna 4000 zvakare, asi ayo vakawanda uye nharaunda havana hunoshamisa. Chokutanga ndechokuti vanenge 9 wt zuva, uye parameter wechipiri mukuru kupfuura runoenzanirana chinoratidza chiedza chedu 5.7 chete nguva. By zera akafanana Bellatrix Rigel uye Betelgeuse. Izvi nyeredzi wechiduku ari kupenya nechekare mamiriyoni 10. Years. Masayendisiti kufungidzira nayo akatendeukira kupinda dzvuku hofori ane miriyoni mashoma makore.

White uye zvitema nyeredzi Saif ndiye anenge daro chete kubva Earth sezvo Rigel, asi rinowanika zvikuru nokuda kwenhamo nokuti kuti chikamu chikuru chacho simba iri chaibwinya mune asingaoneki siyana. Saif zvakawanda rezuva luminosity kusvika 5500 nguva, uye dhayamita - 11 nguva.

The chombo chikuru

Munondo haidereri chinozivikanwa asterism, izvo Anozvirumbidza renyeredzi Orion. Scheme nayo unotora maviri nyeredzi - θ uye ι (theta uye vara) uye Great Nebula Orion.

Theta ndiye vakawanda nyeredzi gadziriro zvinosanganisira yenhengo mana waibvira uye zvakafanana chisanyanya kuoneka. Zvinoumba quadrangle duku, inonzi trapezium. Uyu kumbonyanya muduku nzvimbo zvinhu aumba kubva yomuchadenga gasi uye guruva. Mashoko nokuti chiedza anopinda kubva gore chisingaoneki ravanhu nechokumabvazuva renyeredzi. Ndiro Nebula Great zveOrionhi.

"Akatisiyira kireshi"

The anotyisa zvombo muvhimi ndiye paucheche chenyeredzi ramangwana. Orion Nebula kana M42 - kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti vakawanda nzvimbo zvinhu. It nhema pamusoro 1500 chiedza-makore kure, zvisinei kana kutsvakwa, unogona kuonekwa, pamwe kupfeka ziso. Kuti aite izvi, tarisai nzvimbo pasi bhandi zveOrionhi. M42 anotarisa sezvinoita rubanzu duku akafanana kometi. Mifananidzo akaitawo tichibatsirwa materesikopu simba, kuti nebula Zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo. Unonzi kana ichi kwete chete nokuda kwayo hunoshamisa kukura uye yakatsvukuruka Naiwo mufaro. Kune vakawanda vanozviti akatisiyira nemaruva, apo chiedza ramangwana aumba. Icho pedyo nesu sezvinoita nzvimbo. Kubva dzimwe akatisiyira nemaruva Great Nebula muna Orion kunoratidzwa kuti pane gore negasi uye guruva anenge asingadi kuvhiringidza kudzidza nyeredzi inotungamirwa rikurumidze. Nokuda ichi zvinenge ruzivo zvose ano pamusoro paumbwe nyeredzi nematongerwo zvaanorumbidza pamusoro M42.

dema buri

Orion renyeredzi mepu achangobva vaisanganisa mumwe anofadza chinhu chiri pedyo trapezium. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti shanduka of M42 nebula rwakaitika vazhinji kwemotokari nyeredzi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera paumbwe buri dema, kwazvo zuva uremu kane zana. kubvuma uku kuri kwazvo sungano mashoko pamatunhu-nokukurumidza cho nyeredzi hunoumba Orion trapezium. Kana kuvapo buri dema kunosimbiswazve, zvichava pedyo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri zvakafanana chinhu.

bhiza musoro

Shapes akafanana nemhuka, vanosiyana chete renyeredzi mudenga. Orion ndiyo inozivikanwa imwe nebula anonzi "Horsehead Nebula" (kana B33). It chaizvoizvo afanane ayo chimiro bhiza musoro. Kugona kuona pepa akajeka redu chiedza, iyo pave mumwe nebula, achishumira colour kuti "bhiza musoro". B33 pacharo haritauri emit chiedza, kwazvinoita ive absorbent nebulae. Nokudaro, pasina zvakajeka vairemekedzwa zvaizova chaizvo havaratidzi kuoneka. Uye magetsi ezvinhu basa vanouwana rinopindura mudziyo ose, nokuti "bhiza musoro" yakagadzirwa zvechinguvana serviceability uye rakarurama zvokushandisa imwe mhando.

tichifungisisa chiedza

Description chii zvinoita yakafanana Orion renyeredzi hakuzovi kwakakwana pasina kutaurwa kunyange anoverengeka nebulae zvichiwanzoregwa ne vaongorori nokuda kwayo nechepazasi chokunze okuti. Izvi anonzi chadzera nebulae. Chokwadi, vanorasikirwa pamusoro inopenya M42, asi zvisinei muri vamwe kufarira. Nebula NGC 1977, NGC 1975 uye NGC 1973 dziri mune munondo zveOrionhi zvishoma kuchamhembe M42. Nokuda kuratidzwa chiedza yomuchadenga guruva chakajeka vaduku nyeredzi, nebulae izvi vane rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara iri mifananidzo. Photographs akatorwa materesikopu matatu nebula dzine rima dzakaparadzaniswa kumucheto nokuvhenekerwa yakatsvukuruka achine rehydrogen maatomu vaite siluetti achimhanya murume - mumwe nyore kucherechedzwa mufananidzo ari renyeredzi Orion.

chiedza anozvarwa

Kujairwa anotarira yakanaka nebula "murazvo" (rimwe zita raro - "tochi"). Iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iri kugara akaberekwa nyeredzi itsva renyeredzi Orion. Mumifananidzo, afanane moto unopfuta: rinopenya mumakore rima makwapa akasvibirika akafanana zvomoto. Nebula "tochi" riri pedyo Sigma Orionis uye kunoratidzwa. The kure nesu paucheche duku yenyeredzi iri rinenge chiuru chiedza makore.

The renyeredzi nedzeOrinoni, iro Kuziviswa dzakapiwa kumusoro, runoonekwa chimwe chezvinhu akanaka mifananidzo yokudenga. Bright nyeredzi kuti kunobvumirwa nayo, kubvumira siluetti ari ngano muvhimi kuva kuoneka inenge nguva dzose. Pamusana kwavari zvakafanana, kamwe pakuverenga nzvimbo mucherechedzi haazombofi mibvunzo pamusoro sei kuwana renyeredzi Orion. Nokuti mudzidzi nyanzvi iyi yokudenga nhamba inokosha, uye kuti vakawanda zvinhu zvayo zviripo nokuda zvakananga kudzidza kupfeka ziso. Other zvinoriumba, zvakadai senhengo Great Orion Nebula, unogona kuonekwa aine teresikopu diki kana kunyange mabhainokura.