Washington Rugare: ezvinhu uye gore siginicha

Washington Peace Treaty - chibvumirano pakati Russian Empire uye Japan iri kumira utsinye. Chibvumirano ichi hwogumisa mapenzi uye kuparadza Russian-Japanese War, kubvira 1904 kusvika 1905. chiitiko ichi chinokosha chakaitika August 23, 1905 muPortsmouth, American muguta, pamwe Mediation wehurumende US. The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa nemapoka acho. Nokuti naye, Russia yakanga kunyimwa kodzero risi Liaodong Peninsula uye agumisa kuti kubatana China, yaisanganisira rechiuto chibvumirano pakati maviri inoti pamusoro Japan.

Zvikonzero pakutanga Russian-Japanese War

Japan kwenguva refu nguva yaiva namahwindo nyika, asi yechipiri yezana XIX remakore vakatanga pakarepo usununguke, wakashama kuvatorwa, uye vagari vemo vave achishingaira kushanyira nyika dzokuEurope. Progress kwave zvakajeka zvinoonekwa. Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, Japan akasika neboka rengarava simba uye hondo - chakabatsira dzekunze ruzivo, izvo vokuJapan vava mu Europe.

chitsuwa rudzi The anofanira akudziridze nharaunda iri sei yakatanga uto kurwisa zvainanga dzakavakidzana. Japan akava waitirwa China kurwisa rokutanga akakwanisa andobata zvitsuwa zvakawanda, asi zviri pachena kuti izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana. Hurumende ine ziso rayo panyika muManchuria uye Korea. Chokwadi, Russian Empire aisagona kushivirira kuvirima kwakadaro, nokuti nyika yakanga yayo urongwa munzvimbo idzi, otstraivaya muna Korea Railways. Muna 1903, Japan uye Russia wakaitwa kudzokororwa hurukuro, achitarisira kugadzirisa kusawirirana murunyararo, asi zvose pasina. Havana kubvumirana panyika chikamu, kurutivi Japanese akangoerekana yakakanda hondo nokurwisa umambo.

Basa Britain neUnited States muhondo

Kutaura zvazviri, Japan asarudza kurwisa Russia haasi oga. By izvi chakakurudzira US uye England, nekuti havana yakapa rubatsiro rwemari kunyika. Kana havana abatsire inoti izvi, Japan akakundikana kutadzisa Tsarist Russia, pashure yakazvimirira simba aisaziva panguva. Washington Peace, zvichida saka haana kupera kana pasina mhinduro kune Sponsors kuita pamwe uto chiito.

Pashure Tsushima England akaziva kuti kuitwa muJapan anonyatsoziva, saka kune pamwero mukuru akaderedza Mari hondo. The United States vakatsigira zvakasimba kurwisa, uye kunyange rarambidzwa muFrance uye Germany vamire achidzivirira yeRussian Empire, uye kuurayiwa. The President Teodora Ruzvelta aiva nemanomano urongwa - kuti ubvise refu-achimhanya vaimbopota mativi. Asi pano kumwe nokusimbaradza Japan uye Russian kukundwa, haana kuronga kuti. Mhedziso Rugare Portsmouth haangazorambi vatora nzvimbo pasina Mediation of America. Roosevelt yakawanda basa rokuita kuti kuwiriranisa mativi maviri Mauto.

Kundikana kuedza kuti runyararo

Kunyimwa mari yacho US uye Great Britain, Japan zvinooneka simba mari. Pasinei zvinokosha muchiuto kubudirira muhondo pamwe Russia, imwe nyika pasi kumanikidzwa vaimbova Sponsors kutanga kuvimba kurutivi mhedziso rugare. Japan aita vakaedza kakawanda kuti urarame muvengi. Kokutanga akataura pamusoro hwokuyananisa vokuJapan 1904, apo wokuRussia muUK vakakumbirwa kusaina chibvumirano. Nhaurirano havana kutora nzvimbo: Japan vakarayira kuti Russian Empire akaziva kuti akatanga kumira ruvengo.

Muna 1905, murevereri pakati belligerents kubudikidza France. Hondo zvakakanganisa zvido munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope, saka Vangasarudza kupera. France panguva iyoyo akanga asiri yakanaka ezvinhu, dambudziko rakanga kutanga, saka iye aida kubatsira Japan uye vaite Mediation ari mhedziso norugare. Panguva ino, atadza akarayira kubva Russian Empire Capitulations kwokuripirwa indemnity, asi vamiriri Russian categorically akaramba ezvinhu akadaro.

Mediation United States

Mushure vokuJapan vakarayira kuti wokuRussia kurima mu uwandu bhiriyoni 1,2 Yen, uye Kuwedzera chitsuwa Sakhalin, hurumende US tisingatarisiri vakatsigira umambo. Roosevelt paakatyisidzira kuti muJapan yezve anotsigira vose. Zvichida ezvinhu Rugare Portsmouth rungadai zvakasiyana kana asina kupindira muUnited States. The mutungamiri American, kune rumwe rutivi, vakaedza kufurira yokuRussia Empire, achipa zvinyoronyoro zano kuna mambo, uye pane dzimwe - vomanikidza vokuJapan, kumanikidza kufunga anosuruvarisa mamiriro hwenyika.

Rugare mashoko Arayirwa Japan

Atadza aida kunyatsoshandisa hondo kufadza. Ndokusaka Japan kuti kuramba simba raro Korea uye South muManchuria, tora chitsuwa yose Sakhalin uye kuwana tsitsi uwandu bhiriyoni 1,2 Yen. Chokwadi, nokuti Russian Empire ezvinhu akadaro zvave vanoshorwa, saka kusaina kuti Rugare Portsmouth akanga vambomira nokusingaperi. Witte, mumiriri Russian, akanyatsoramba kubhadhara indemnity uye basa Sakhalin.

tobvuma kuti Japan

Sezvo akazobvuma mu netsamba dzake Ishii, nyika yavo vaifanira kukurira Russia, ine kumbobvira munhu haana kubhadhara. The neukukutu Russian nezvibvumirano uye yezve Sponsors kutsigira vokuJapan kuiswa bofu mukoto. Washington nyika yakanga yava kuda kuparara, hurumende Japanese vakaungana pamusangano, urwo rwakatora zuva rose. We odzidza kuramba muhondo Sakhalin. August 27, 1905, kwakasarudzwa kusiya chitsuwa uye haadi kuti mupiro. Hurumende yakanga ndaneta zvokuti mberi vemauto chiito zvakanga zvisingaiti.

Russia gaffe

Zvichakadai, President Russian akatumira runhare shoko kuna mambo, izvo zano kupa kuchitsuwa Sakhalin. Russian Empire aida rugare, nokuti hurumende yakanga kudzvinyirira Kusaona chimurenga. Kunyange zvakadaro, mambo vakabvuma kupa chete kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa chacho. Washington Peace inogona yakasainwa uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nokuti vokuJapan akanga akasarudza kusiya kurwisa Sakhalin. August 27, pakarepo panopera musangano, zvakava aiziva mutongo wamambo. Hurumende Japanese Chokwadi, musapotse mukana kuzotora kundima itsva. Zvisinei, Japan ngozi, nekuti kana ari mashoko akanga asina chokwadi, nyika haana zvakare kusungwa. Official anotamisa izvozvo, kana kukundikana angadai kuita Hara-Kiri.

Pakupedzisira Portsmouth Peace akanga yakasainwa 5 September 1905 gore. Russian mumiriri conceded Japan inoda sezvo akaudza mambo. Somugumisiro, hurumende Tokyo yakazviwanira zvoupenyu simba kuKorea, vakagamuchira leasehold kodzero yacho Liaodong Peninsula, South Manchurian Railway, uyewo kumaodzanyemba Sakhalin. Zvisinei, Japan haana kodzero yokuita nokusimbaradza chitsuwa.

Chii vakauya vose Mukurwisana Portsmouth Peace?

Musi nokusaina rugare chibvumirano aizova wokupedzisira pfungwa muhondo uye kutanga kusimudza upfumi kubva matongo. Zvinosuruvarisa, haana kuhwina, kana Russia kana Japan kubva hondo yeRussia-Japanese. Raiva dongo dzose nguva uye mari. VokuJapan vakagamuchira kusaina imwe runyararo chibvumirano sechipo nokutuka, kunyadziswa, uyezve, nyika yakanga zvinobudirira yaparadzwa. Mune Russian Empire, uye saka pokuchinja yakanga yava kuda kutanga, uye kukundwa muhondo yokupedzisira mashanga dzakakurumbira hasha. Mukutanga wamakumi remakore, nokuti zvose nyika kuuya nguva dzakanakisisa. chimurenga akatanga muRussia ...