Zvinoumba kwevanhu mate

Mate chinhu läpinäkyvä mvura asina ruvara. Ndicho chakavanzika mate mumasero anosiiwa ari nemumuromo mhango. Rinotibatsira kuravira maonero, kuti nekutaura, kugonyesa rikamunya muchindwi zvokudya. Uyezve, mate ane antibacterial ehupfumi, inochenesa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, kunotadzisa mazino kubva kukuvara. Nokuda kuvapo ari Zvinoumba secretions wako muromo makemikari anotanga kugayiwa makabhohaidhiretsi. Nyaya ino kutaura nemamiriro uye mashandiro mate kwevanhu.

Zvinoitwa mate mumasero

mumasero izvi riri Anterior chikamu zvomudumbu turakiti, vane basa pakupa zvakanaka humiro hwevanhu nomumukanwa mhango uye kuitawo zvakananga kugaya kwacho. The mate mumasero mukurapa inogona rakakamurwa zviduku. Aimbova zvinosanganisira buccal, matadza, labial, lingual, palatal, asi isu tiri kufarira guru mate omumuviri, nekuti mate iri kunyanya kushandiswa navo.

mitumbi izvi zvinosanganisira secretion sublingual, submandibular, parotid shwanu. Chokutanga, sezvo zita rinoreva, riri munzvimbo sublingual mumupendero pasi nomumukanwa mucosa. Submandibular pazasi shaya. The pakukura ndivo parotid omumuviri, iine lobes anoverengeka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviduku mate mumasero regai secrete mate zvakananga, achabereka chaiyo chakavanzika, uye nemate aumba kana chakavanzika ichi ari nemumuromo mhango rakasangana nevamwe zvinhu.

nemakemikari sezvamunoita

Mate ane ph pamwero 5.6 kusvika 7.6 uye unotora 98,5 muzana yemvura, uye rinewo kuronda okunze, munyu pamusoro acids siyana, alkali simbi cations, vamwe mavhitaminzi, lysozyme nezvimwe makemikari. Organic inokosha fuma iri murwiyo - mapuroteni izvo synthesized mune mate mumasero. Chikamu puroteni riri serum mavambo.

makemikari

Zvose zvinhu anoumba munhu nemate, mubereko mukuru vari makemikari. Izvi Organic zvinhu kuva proteinaceous mavambo, izvo achiumbwa mumasero omuviri uye mhanyisa makemikari pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti enzayemu haasi kuitika chero nemakemikari kuchinja, ivo semusimboti mhando anowedzera, asi panguva imwe chete vaine sezvamunoita yavo uye mamiriro kurambe kuchikura.

Chii makemikari vanobatanidzwa mune Zvinoumba mate? The chikuru vavo - nayo maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase nezvimwe mapuroteni zvinhu. Vane inokosha mabasa: kusimudzira liquefaction kwezvokudya, kubereka zvayo kwokutanga namakemikari kubudiswa, kuumba chaiwo bolus uye mucous zvinhu - mucin - envelop naye. Kuisa Zvinongoreva, makemikari zviri chikamu mate, pakuparadza zvokudya uye kufambisa ndima yayo mudumbu kuburikidza yegurokuro. Unofanira kurangarira chimwe chinhu: zvokudya kwomuzvarirwo dög mumuromo ndiyo chete maviri kusvika makumi masekonzi, uye ipapo anopinda mudumbu, mate makemikari asi kunyange pashure ichi vakaramba kuva zvainoita bolus.

Maererano kuongorora kwesayenzi, dzinosvika makemikari chiito zvokudya anenge makumi matatu maminitsi, kusvikira nguva apo rwunotanga kuumba gastric muto.

Zvimwe zvinhu zviri Zvinoumba

Ruzhinji rwevanhu vari nemate vane boka-zvakananga maantigen kuti dzinoenderana maantigen ropa. Uyewo, akanga aona chaizvo mapuroteni - phosphoprotein munyaya paumbwe mazino Dombo uye tartar, uye salivoprotein pave deposition pamusoro mazino fosforokaltsievyh kubatana.

uwandu nemate Small zvinosanganisira remafuta akawandisa uye ayo esters, glycerophospholipids, vakasununguka mafuta acids, mahormone (estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), uye mavhitaminzi siyana uye zvimwe zvinhu. Zvicherwa ndiwo anions chloride, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, bromides, fluorides, yavaibvisa cations, magnesium, simbi, potassium, calcium, strontium, mhangura uye vamwe. Nemate, wetting uye kunyoroveswa zvokudya, dzinovimbisa paumbwe bolus uye anoita nyore chirongwa kumedza. Food pashure impregnation iri pasi pakavanda kwokutanga makemikari kurapwa kare mumuromo, umo α-amylase makabhohaidhiretsi, zvishoma hydrolyzed kupinda maltose uye dextrins.

mabasa

Takatodzidza akashanda mashandiro mate, asi ikozvino ngatimbotaura nezvavo zvizere. Saka shwanu dzakabudirira zvakavanzika, zvinonzi hwakakanyiwa zvimwe zvinhu uye kuumbwa mate. Chii chinoitika chinotevera? Mate anotanga kugadzirira zvokudya haizopereri kugaya ari duodenum uye mudumbu. Saka, mumwe enzayemu ndohwaJehovha murwiyo mate, izvozvo Inowedzera iyi kakawanda, kukamurwa muzvikamu zviduku zvinoriumba (monosaccharides, maltose), vamwe zvinoumba zvigadzirwa (polysaccharides, mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi).

Panguva tsvakurudzo zvakanzi vakawana kuti, kunze liquefaction kwezvokudya ari mate yevanhu zvimwe zvakakosha mabasa. Saka vanorichenesa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mucosa uye meno pathogenic zvigare uye dzavo metabolic zvigadzirwa. Unodzivirira basa kunyange immunoglobulins uye lysozyme dziri nokukanganisika Zvinoumba mate. Somugumisiro, mashoko secretory basa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mucosa riri humidified, uye chinhu chinodiwa zvimiso maviri-nzira chokufambisa pakati namakemikari pakati nemate uye kunanzvana mucosa.

nokufamba pakati Zvinoumba

Properties uye makemikari anoumba mate kuchinja maererano nokukurumidza uye yezvakaita secretion pakati nayo utachiona. Somuenzaniso, kana kushandisa Chocolates, mabhisikiti, kwekanguva kwakawedzera lactate uye shuga yomuropa makawanda mate. Panguva kweiyi mate secretion mu yavaibvisa wevasungwa yekudyidzana kunowedzera, bicarbonates, zvishoma akaderedza ayodhini uye potassium. Zvinoumba kwevanhu mate uya anosvuta mabhokisi inosanganisira thiocyanates kakawanda zvikuru ichienzaniswa vasingasvuti.

Zviri chepfu zvakasiyana siyana kunosiyana-siyana pasi zvimwe ezvinhu pathological uye zvirwere. Makemikari anoumba nemate kaviri nokufamba nezuva, uye zvinoenderana zera, semuenzaniso, mune vakwegura iri kwazvo siyana calcium. The kuchinja zvinogona chokuita kudhaka uye zvinodhaka kutarisira. Saka, pane rakapinza kuderera salivation panguva kupera mvura mumuviri; mu cheshuga kunowedzera uwandu shuga; panyaya uremia kunowedzera zviri pamusoro residual senitrogen. Kana kuchinja murwiyo mate, mukana mazino zvirwere uye nomudumbu.

secretion

Kazhinji, pazuva nokuti mukuru ari dzinounzwa kuna marita maviri mate, kuti secretion mwero iri gogonera: panguva kurara usingashandi (Maminitsi - asingasviki 0,05 milliliter) pasi takamuka - munenge 0.5 milliliters paminiti, kana dzinovhurika salivation - paminiti kuti anenge 2,3 milliliters. Secret dzinounzwa mumwe shwanu, rakasangana iri mumuromo mune rimwe fuma. Oral Urume (mate kana zvakasiyana) kunoratidzwa pamberi microflora zvachose, rine utachiona, spirochetes, notumwe vavo metabolic zvigadzirwa, uyewo mate masero (leukocytes zvakanga akatamira munzvimbo waiita mhango ainyanya kuburikidza chingamu) uye ashaye masero epithelial. Murwiyo mate, mukuwedzera, vanoparadzaniswa kubva nasal mhango, madzihwa, erythrocytes.

Features salivation

Salivation inotongwa autonomic tsinga. Inzvimbo yaro medulla oblongata. Pamusoro kweiyi parasympathetic harinzwi zvibereko yakawanda mate ane pasi mapuroteni kugutsikana. Asiwo, tsitsi dzishande kunosanganisira secretion pamusoro shoma viscous zvokunwa.

Salivation zvinoderedza nokuti kutya, kushushikana, kupera muviri, izvozvo anenge anodzivira kana munhu anorara. Amplification kuparadzana kunoitika pasi zvinoitwa kuravidza uye olfactory mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira uye somugumisiro zvokuimba dzishande zvinoberekwa makuru nezvimedu panguva kutsenga zvokudya.