Zhan Bodriyyar: Biography, prices. Baudrillard somunhu mifananidzo

Ngatitange nemashoko kuchikosha okuti: "Kana vanhu vanoti - zvinotora nguva. Apo nguva inoti - vanhu siya ". In kuremekedzwa muvambi akatorwa ichi zvainonyatsoreva kunowedzerwa anokoshesa itsva. Paakabuda Zhan Bodriyyar, zvikazooneka kuti akanga zvikuru kutaura pamusoro nguva uye munzanga yaairarama, unhu hwake uye zvinhu uye awana isingachinji ukoshi.

Akanga ari murume kutsvaka nzira itsva zvose zvatinoita - mu philology, evanhu, uzivi, mabhuku, uye kunyange unyanzvi mifananidzo.

muzukuru mumwe murimi mudiki

Akaberekerwa kuchamhembe kweFrance, muguta Reims, July 27, 1929. Madzitateguru mhuri yake vagara aishanda panyika, asi vabereki ndivo vashandi. Kuti kuumba chikuru kana chikoro chesekondari yakakwana - sezvo Baudrillard vakatenda mumhuri. Jean akakwanisa kunyoresa panguva Sorbonne, apo akadzidza eGermany. Akati pashure kuti ndiye wokutanga mumhuri uyo dzidzo yokuyunivhesiti, uye ichi chaiva chikonzero rotonhorera nevabereki uye zvakatipoteredza, apo akapedza ake muduku. Solid, stocky murume ane kumativi chiso murimi uyo aida kuti fodya ruoko-anokungurutsirwa, akaenda duku vanhu vakaderera pane simba French vakadzidza.

Zhan Bodriyyar, ane Biography akanga refu chokuita nedzidziso mutauro wokuGermany, uye mabhuku, kubva 1956 kushanda chesekondari. Panguva iyoyowo pamwe maBhaibheri akawanda "vakasiya" bapiro, kuzivisa navo mumabhuku uye akaoma essays. Munyaya idzi, uyewo shanduro Peter Trappers uye Bertolda Brehta, akaumbwa yakabwinyiswa, chibhende, gangaidzo kwokukurukurirana mharidzo kuti akasiyanisa kunyange kunzwisisa magwaro esayenzi Baudrillard.

mudzidzisi muna evanhu

Muna 1966 akatsigira chinyorwa chake evanhu paUniversity Nanterre-La Defence. Pazvikoro kumucheto kweParis mukupera 60s - a nemadzinza pfungwa "leftist", achibika mugate iyo ikateuka mudzidzi Mhirizhonga 1968. Okunyanyisa pfungwa "leftist" mwoyo zvishoma akazvimirira hunhu Baudrillard, kunyange akayeuka kuti akanga chikamu Anti-hondo Kuratidzira, izvo kwakawedzera kuva wavanozvisunga - ari zviitiko kuti anenge chakawa hurumende of Gaulle. Zvichida ndipo wakaberekwa mumwe yakakurumbira mashoko Baudrillard: "loudest zvinoda runyararo ..."

In Paris X-Nanterre University, uye kubva 1986, Paris-Dauphine IX - maviri namatatu vaiva Sorbonne, Jean Baudrillard vakabata nzvimbo mukuru mudzidzisi (wapurofesa), uye ari purofesa wemagariro evanhu. Pandaishanda ikoko, vazhinji vakakurumbira masayendisiti: Anri Lefevr, Rolan Bart, Per Burde. Pashure racho mabasa ekutanga makuru Baudrillard akatanga kunakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pakati havaoni uzivi ano.

Marxists

Zhan Bodriyyar kungokangaidzwa Marxism, uye kunyange rinoshandurwa dzimwe mabasa havaoni echiKomonisiti nesayenzi - Marx uye Shona. Asi simba ichi wakange gangaidzo hunhu, izvo kwakaratidzwa kudzidza navo, uye dzimwe dzidziso dzouzivi hwevanhu. Nokuti kunzwisisa pfungwa vanofanira chikumbiro zvavo kuongorora ino, uye dzakaguma kuedza zvose kuti vashandure zvakazara kana kutsoropodza. Sezvinotaurwa muna rimwe aphorisms ake - "pfungwa New vakaita rudo: ivo kusakara."

"System zvinhu" (1968) uye "Consumer Society" (1970) - mabasa ayo Zhan Bodriyyar kushandiswa kukurukura matambudziko ano wemagariro evanhu zvimwe zvokudya rechiKomonisiti dzidziso.

Ngano "yakabudirira vanotofanira", riri vaiona chinangwa dzorudo ari kwemaindasitiri, rava nebudiriro, apo mukuru chinangwa - kuti nezvinodiwa, izvo anoumba okushambadza kwenhumbi uye mabasa. The akanyatsokodzera ndokumisa napo - chichiitwa rinodyiwa. Marxist maonero ukama okuwana, sezvo mukuru chokuratidza zvekuongorora munzanga yazvino munyika zviratidzo, ndiyo tariro yechinyakare.

Neonigilist

Kushoropodza pamusoro mamiriro nzanga zvishoma nezvishoma kuva hune Baudrillard mabhuku ayo. Basa "mumumvuri kunyararira ruzhinji, kana kuguma evanhu '(1983) rine mashoko kuti ano yaitonga chinhu mutsetse kupfuura iyo kuora uye kuparara. The Old Kirasi maumbirwo munzanga akanyangarika, ndinosika chinhu pakati munhu negurumwandira revanhu, vakanga vari kurasikirwa chimiro.

Human munharaunda anova yokunyepera. Zhan Bodriyyar, vane akatorwa nevamwe zvakarurama uye expressiveness, anonyora kuti: "vagari vakabvunzurudzwa zvokuti kazhinji kuti havachakwanisi chero pfungwa." Iye anoramba vakawanda anokwanisa kuti kumiririrwa enyika zvinovaka. pepfungwa All - ezvitendero, ezvematongerwo enyika kana kwouzivi - vasiri upenyu, nekuti kunyimwa specificity kuburikidza generalizing kubva mutemo hakurevi kusiyanisa pavo uye Kuwanikwa makagadzirira akagadzirwa muunganidzwa zvisiri izvo ivo rusununguko.

postmodernist

Polemic ehupfumi dzinonetsa muMagwaro Baudrillard vakamutsa hasha maitiro kunyunyuta kubva vamwe, vamwe vakapiwa chikonzero kuzivisa ayo mupristi postmodernism, uyewo sohunobishairira kushora. Pasinei mukuru wevasungwa ari kuramba kunopfuurira evanhu urongwa, iyo imbues basa rake Baudrillard, postmodern uzivi sokuti kumupa kusuruvara, uye kunyange regression.

Musimboti wacho postmodern randinogara parudzi itsva chakagadzirwa enyika ne kusingaperi kutamba nezvifananidzo uye pfungwa kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, hazvina sokuti mberi uye zvakasikwa. Asi ramba vakadai se "wavakasarudza kuti postmodernism" pokutanga iye akanga akaoma zvikuru. Too pachena kwaiva virtuosity raakarwa akaratidza pfungwa dzake mashoko, paiva mutambo mifananidzo uye nezvaanoreva zvakare mesmerizing mumagwaro ake, sezvo ndyaringo uye dema humour pamusoro Baudrillard akava anotofa Meme.

Ideologist of "Matrix"

Mumwe inozivikanwa zvikuru dzidziso Baudrillard iri kusimbiswa mubhuku "Simulacra uye Simulation" (1981). It iri pfungwa "hyperreality," kureva kuti tiri kurarama munyika umo simulated manzwiro uye zvakaitika vakatsiva chaicho. Vatakuri hyperreality ichi, "zvidhinha", icho chine vari simulacra. Zvazvinoreva panotaurwa chinhu kana pfungwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo - mumwe simulation. Modeled zvose: zvinhu nyika uye manzwiro. Hatizivi chinhu pamusoro nyika chaiyo, zvose vakaedza pamwe womumwe nemaonero, achitarisa kuburikidza womumwe izvo.

Chakakoshera pfungwa iyi kuti muverengi Russian ndee muna Pelevin «Generation P", asi nokuda yose - mu "" Wachowski hama trilogy chitendero Matrix (1999). Link to Baudrillard ari firimu rinoratidza zvakananga - muchimiro rinonzi "Simulacra uye Simulation", iyo mukuru hunhu - a Hacker Neo - akaita nzvimbo yokuvanda zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo kureva bhuku pacharo rashanduka simulation bhuku ...

Zhan Bodriyyar nyongoroka taitaura yokupindira yake trilogy ichi, vachiti pfungwa ake mairi havasi pachena uye kunaka.

mufambi

In 1970, masayendisiti vazhinji anofamba pose. Kuwedzera Western Europe, akaenda Japan uye Latin America. Mugumisiro wake kushanya kuUnited States aiva bhuku "America" (1986). Izvi kwouzivi uye unyanzvi essays - kwete tourist mutungamiriri, kwete zvinyorwa nzvimbo. Bhuku rinopa wakajeka chimiro kuongorora "yepakutanga shanduro modernity", richienzaniswa Europe zvava shure mano avo kushandura, kuumba utopian uye eccentric hyperreality.

Akabata ziso rangu achiita izvi hyperreality - superficiality pamusoro American tsika, raakanga Zvisinei, harirambidzi, asi kungotaura rinoti. Baudrillard dzinonakidza nharo nezvokuti migumisiro kweHondo Yemashoko. Kana United States kuhwina chokwadi ino iri kunyanya illusory.

The rwendo kuJapan waiva Baudrillard kunoshamisa chokwadi kuti akava Zvino rudo rusiri rwechokwadi Photo uri yakasvika kuvandudza muridzi chikwata ano,.

mifananidzo

Sezvo haana aizviona muzivi uye haana kudana ini munhu mifananidzo, uye mukurumbira akanga awana sezvo vakadaro, hakuna ake chido. Zviri pachena kuti Baudrillard sezvo mifananidzo akaramba sezvo yakazvimirira uye yepakutanga anofunga, muzivi kana munyori. nzira yake titarire zvinhu rakasiyana. Akati kuti chinangwa chake - kuwana zvinhu sezvazviri ari kuratidzwa chinhu wayo zvakatipoteredza, umo chisikigo pachacho acharatidza chii kwainoda kuita zvinooneka.

mifananidzo yake inobudiswa akawanda Albums, Baudrillard kwaiita kuti kupfura zvave nyaya dzakakomba nhaurirano pakati nyanzvi. Ake posthumous kwemasimba "Kunyangarika unyanzvi" kubvira 50 mifananidzo vakanakidzwa vaipiwa kufarira munyika dzakawanda.

The shasha of aphorism

vanhu vashoma vaiziva sei kuratidza pfungwa nenzira yakadaro kuti ayo kudzika nekuomarara vakaramba uye pashure kuchinjwa. Vamwe aphorisms - kuenderera mberi kukurukura zvesayenzi uye dzouzivi misoro, nepo vamwe - vane evasingatombonamati mabhuku dhigirii, rakafanana kubwinya ane okushambadza sirogani:

• "Dry mvura - chete kuwedzera mvura."
• "The kuda kunzwa mvura pamiromo yake kupfuura pakuparadza nayo."
• "Statistics - chete chimiro Tinokushuvirai-kuzadzika, uyewo zviroto."
• "Ndine zvainovhiringidzawo chete maviri: murombo ndangariro ... uye zvimwewo ..."
• "Chiedza nguva dzose kupa nzira kune simba, uye chete akasimba kupa nzira vose."
• "The chinhu chinosiririsa chinhu chakagadzirwa akachenjera, izvozvo haana anonyengera uye naizvozvo njere."
• "Mwari ariko, asi handitendi maari."
• "Ndinonzwa sokuti chapupu chake asipo."

"Rufu maturo" - Mashoko aya uyewo vaiwanzoti Zhan Bodriyyar. Biography muchidimbu mumashoko maviri misi (07/27/1929 - 06/03/2007), pamwe chete, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo Vhoriyamu basa zvedzidzo, izvo zvinoita nyore kutenda muchokwadi chemutsara ichi.