Natural vakasarudzwa: pabonde dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism - ndiwo musiyano marongerwo vechirume zvinenge zvakafanana kwemarudzi. Zvinonzi rinoparadzirwa pakati vamiririri mhuka dioecious kana zvinomera, uye kunoratidzwa panyama zviratidzo vakadaro:

1. Size. Vanhurume Munokudzwa kubva vakadzi nokuda saizi kwavo Somuenzaniso, vamiririri amphibians, vakadzi akakura.
2. The mumusoro. Somuenzaniso, mune vanhu zvinogona kuva ndebvu kwevarume.
3. Color. Somuenzaniso, mune shiri - ruvara minhenga.
4. Skin. Ataurwa mune mamwe dzidzo uye yechipiri zvepabonde maitiro. Somuenzaniso, nyanga nondo kana Muzinga cocks.
5. Mazino. Mukono mhuka dzakadai walrus uye nzou tusks vari zvishoma kupfuura vakadzi.

Saka, pabonde dimorphism anganzi ane barika (chechetere kwayo), uye chaipenya chinotaurwa, chikuru kusiyana mipiro vechirume pakutarisira vana vavo. Dzimwe nguva PD kungaratidzwa zviratidzo zvakadai, izvo kuderedza chinhanho kubva dzawo varidzi. Saka, inopenya plumage, muimbire ruzha kana unopinza hwema dzimwe shiri kazhinji atambudzwe pazvikara, inova ngozi hwavo. Izvi zvakakonzera, ungangotarisa, kwete dzinongoitika kusarudzwa uye zvepabonde vakasarudzwa.

Sexual dimorphism ane dzakawanda:

1. Dzokubereka PD - Ndinoramba nokuda pabonde, zvose nesekondari, izvo zvakasiyana mune aroorane uye chokuita kubereka kwacho. Izvi hormone chimiro pabonde dimorphism, izvo basa - kuti purogiramu aroorane.
2. Nadzurudzo zvepabonde dimorphism - ndekwenguva duku uye zvauya nokuti munhukadzi pabonde shanduko somugumisiro kusarudzwa. Muchiitiko chino, pane majini matsva kuti vaedzwa ari munhurume DNA.

PD inokurukurwawo sezvo ukama vanhukadzi uye nhongo unhu, zvainanga pokubatana kuda mumwe, izvo anosika kudiwa mumuviri uye mupfungwa dzevanhu kubereka. Saka ndehwokuti bereka ari chizvarwa, pamwe panguva nemagene pachiyero, pane zvakasikwa uye kukura zvoutachiona kuzvidzora kupfuura zvakanaka unhu wacho.

Zvinofanira kunzi kurara dimorphism zvinoonekwa vakawanda vasiri, panyama uye maitiro kusiyana pakati vanhu dzakasiyana pabonde. Saka, achishandisa hadzi nokuita kusarudza pakudzikamisa, somurume pave nomukana shanduka variability. sayenzi yemazuva rinotsanangura zvakajeka ariko chechikadzi kusiyana pane ose Hazvizivikanwi pakukura nhengo.

In mhuka, PD kunoratidzwa kusiyana maumbirwo copulatory nhengo kana yechipiri bonde unhu. Pano itsika kusiyanisa pamwaka uye zvechigarire zvepabonde dimorphism. Pakazoti wokutanga hakunei pamwaka ezvinhu.

Sexual dimorphism womunhu yakaratidzwa akasimba Kugadzirwa marangwanda uye tsandanyama, uyewo bvudzi vanhurume. In zvakawanda dzakasimukira hadzi mazamu, hudyu pahupamhi uye zvakawanda.

In PD miti zvinoratidzwa kusiyana nemamiriro uye ukuru madzinde, mashizha arambe achirema, sechivako maruva uye dzakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda.

Nokudaro, chidzoke uye kukura zvepabonde dimorphism mune zvinenge zvose anokonzerwa simba dzinongoitika uye dzepabonde vakasarudzwa. Muchiitiko chino, zvipenyu ano ane zvakawanda nharo vachida kuti PDP kunoratidzirwa kwete marongerwo uye kushanda nhengo dzakavandika, uyewo unosanganisira chesekondari, tertiary, uye kure zviratidzo pabonde basa, izvo zvinoreva kuti mumuviri gadziriro dzavo mabasa. Tinogona kutaura kuti zvose maitiro aya anoenderana zvose kwevari sangano nyaya kubva samolecular vaenzane uye ndokuguma pamwe organismic.