Environmental zvinangwa uye zvakatipoteredza nezvinangwa. Zvinangwa zvebasa kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa

zvinangwa Key nezvakatipoteredza uye zvakatipoteredza nezvinangwa kuti pave mashoko hurongwa unokubvumira kugamuchira mashoko echokwadi pamusoro mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchinja biotic uye panyama zvinoriumba nokupesvedzera anthropogenic dzinongoitika zvinhu.

Matambudziko kuti Chinozivikanwa mune zvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa

Tsvagurudza huru dzine chokuita zvidzidzo izvi. Zvinangwa nezvinangwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa :

• kuwana chikuru data, ayo kubudiswa, systematization, pachisara pakusikwa Databases;
• kugadzira uye urongwa mashoko muchimiro mepu, calculators, namatafura;
• mazuvaano uye kuvandudzika rekugadzirira nzira inokosha mashoko;
• tinyatsonzwisisa chaizvoizvo mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza, uyewo ramangwana ramangwana;
• kuziva zvinokonzera uye vangangodaro zvinokonzerwa kuchengetwa ehurumende;
• kuti kunyatsoshanda of zvaida mashoko kumapati vanofarira.

Zvinangwa zvebasa kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa pamusoro apa, inobatsira kuti kuitwa operative zvisarudzo mumunda Environmental Management. Forecast anofanira kuva zvinogadzirisa akagadzirirwa kwenguva refu kwenguva.

The hwaro zvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa

Kwakadaro mabasa tichishandisa zvinotaurwa zvikuru zvitatu:

• enderana;
• kuoma;
• commonality.

parameters izvi zvinobatsira pakuvaka zvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa gadziriro chinorehwa kushandisa vamwe zvinoriumba:

• kusarudzwa zvinhu uye verifiable zvichiongororwa unhu;
• kusikwa chaiyo nekuonekwa pfungwa;
• systematization pamusoro data, ongororo uye kunyatsoongorora zvakatipoteredza mamiriro;
• Kudzokorora mashoko uye mhinduro kuwana nzira kubvisa zvinetso munharaunda ezvinhu.

Sechivako kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa

Kwakavakirwa mana makuru zvinogumbura:

• Database;
• Analytical chikwata;
• mashoko misa;
• kuzvidzora hurongwa.

An chinokosha munharaunda zvichiongororwa gadziriro ichaongororwa mamiriro kudzorwa ezvinhu ari uchishandisa hurongwa, nekuti mashoko pamusoro chaiye zvakatipoteredza uye dzinokura vanonzi hwaro nokuumba zvakatipoteredza mutemo unokosha, uye nokuda vachironga zvoupfumi uye evanhu dzimwe nzvimbo.

Zvinangwa nezvinangwa kwezvakatipoteredza mutemo - kuchengetedza rakasiyana dzinongoitika kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudza tsika nhaurirano pakati murume uye hunhu.

Kushandiswa mashoko yakawanikwa kubva zvichiongororwa

Environmental zvitarisirwa kwezvakatipoteredza mabasa anoitwa mukufamba zvichiongororwa, kubvumira varikutonga masangano kuwana mashoko kushandiswa:

• Kuronga zvinhu zvainanga yokuderedza kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza;
• pakusarudza pakutanga mabasa;
• vachiongorora uye Kukoshesa pamusoro rationality dzakasiyana-siyana kwezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira matanho;
• budiriro pfupi matanho kuderedza utachiona idzodzo dzine dzakaonekwa overshoots zvinobvumidzwa yevasungwa;
• vachiongorora zvaidiwa mitemo uye dzemunharaunda rakanaka rwokuzvarwa chinhu;
• kugamuchira mashoko sangano kwesainzi;
• vachiita akakodzera nemirayiro kwemitemo.

The hupfumi ndechokuti unokosha nguva kukura ari kuongorora hurongwa. The zvidzidzo dzinoongororwa enzanirana mano uye nzira, iyo vanosarudzwa kuongorora pamwe yakatarwa mabasa kuti vashandi. Nokuda vakawana zvabuda zvinoita kuchinja mamiriro Mutemo nokure kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

mumunda kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka maitiro

Kwenguva refu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinangwa uye zvakatipoteredza nezvinangwa dzinobva inotevera zvekungofungira:

• kuitwa ngozi murume akaita muviri nokuda kwazvo yakabvumirwa muganhu kuwanda radioactive uye zvine chepfu zviri zvakatipoteredza (Mac);

• Vanhu tisanzwe zvingangoitwa mugumisiro zvinhu pamusoro chikamu biosphere, uye saka zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa neHurumende.

Yakadaro kusvika nokutsvakurudza kwezvakatipoteredza kunosanganisira kutanga kuzvidzora zviyero, nekuti chakadaro chezvawanyora yakakwana hwokugadzira kudzora mabasa utano mabasa masangano uye sangano kurapwa enyika vari mabhizimisi. Experience Rakaratidza fallacy yakadaro nzira, ari kushandisa kwainoita zvezvakatipoteredza zvinangwa uye zvakatipoteredza nezvinangwa haagoni kugadziriswa. Kune mishonga ngozi kunyange zvishoma kunogona kukonzera inokanganisa muviri, kuvhiringidza muviri. Utsanana dzemunharaunda MPC dzinowanzoratidzwa riite chaizvoizvo, ichikuvadza vakawanda zvipenyu, miti, Conifers, lichens.

Integrated zvichiongororwa

Ndezvipi huru zvinangwa zvebasa Environmental Impact kupima? Kune mapurogiramu inokosha anosanganisira kuita kunzwisisa zvichiongororwa kuti misoro tinyatsonzwisisa nematambudziko akasiyana nechokuita kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira misoro zvichiongororwa?

1. Kuongorora pose zvinofurira pasi panyika, Somuenzaniso, kuongorora dambudziko chokuita nokubudiswa carbon dioxide inobvisa uye halocarbon yeimwe.
2. matambudziko Regional kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mapoka nomunyika dzakapoteredza. Somuenzaniso, nokuda muchinjikwa pamuganhu chokufambisa kuti hasha makemikari mhepo uye zvakasvibiswa waterways gungwa vakaderera rainforest.
3. Local nyaya chokuita imwe nzvimbo nokururamisira diki. Panyaya iyi, zvikuru nezvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dambudziko chinangwa kunosanganisira kuziva kwemvura kunwa, quantitative kuziva miedzo zviri muvhu weheavy metal kuongorora mamiriro muvhu rukoko.

Rapanzvimbo zvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa hurongwa

Monitoring rinoitwa vaviri pamusoro nzvimbo diki, uye pasi pose (pasi pose). Pachishandiswa mashoko vakawana anoongororwa kunopindirana biosphere.

National zvichiongororwa

Rinoreva pakutsvakurudza hurongwa munharaunda imwe nyika. Zvinangwa nezvinotarisirwa Environmental Impact tinyatsonzwisisa ichi mhando - kupa ruzivo uye kuongorora mamiriro uchishandisa wemuTesitamende zvinofarirwa parunyararo rwenyika. With kuwedzera kusvibiswa yomuropa mune mamwe maguta kana maindasitiri munzvimbo vanotorwa matanho zvemo kugadzirisa kuzvibatanidza matambudziko.

Environmental dzidzo iri nemasangano redzidzo

Nokuda yokukurumidzira matambudziko chokuita kusvibiswa dzinongoitika nzvimbo mishonga iri gadziriro dzidzo ano uyewo anonyatsoteerera kuti paumbwe chizvarwa muduku zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika nheyo. Vana achitungamirirwa chipangamazano wake, achiita zvichiongororwa zvidzidzo zvavo kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinetso chokuita Kushatiswa kwemvura yokunwa. Zvinangwa nezvinotarisirwa zvakatipoteredza chirongwa kunoenderana izvo dambudziko anoda kudzidza, ona, ongorora mudzidzi. Somuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti kuongorora unhu kunwa mvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumusha, kuti uzive ano zvinetso, kupa mishonga yavo. Zvinangwa nezvinangwa dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza vari nokudzorwa nemitemo yedzidzo yeUnited vezera wechipiri, zvainanga dzidzo Chizvarwa muduku kushivirira atinoitwa zvisikwa. preschools zhinji vakasarudzwa sezvo ainyanya mabasa ayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndezvipi zvinangwa, zvinangwa, uye dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza mu kuenda kukireshi? Kids nezvevanakomana mitemo yomufambiro mumasango, kudzidza zvisingawanzoitiki zvirimwa, kudzidza kusiyanisa anobatsira uye muchetura nemaruva, howa.

mutemo kwezvakatipoteredza

Nokuti kuti kuwedzera kuchangobva mu choutsi kunze komutemo guru maindasitiri emakambani anokuvadza makemikari mibvunzo akakodzera kuva kudzivirirwa inokuvadza hunhu hwevanhu chokupfeka pamutemo. Zvinangwa zvebasa mutemo zvemhoteredzo zviri nokudzorwa mutemo Russian. Inopa nokuti kuita kuti kutyorwa nemitemo zvakasikwa, vakapiwa zvose matanho kuti anogona kutorwa pamusoro Vanotyora mutemo. Large makemikari Kugadzirwa kubhadhara pfungwa pakusika yepamusoro kurapa zvivako, izvo kutadzisa kupinda mhepo uye mvura zvine chepfu. Ndezvipi zvakatipoteredza Zvinangwa, kuongorora mabasa kwemakemikari miti? Panguva imwe nguva yakatorwa mharidzo mvura, ivhu, mhepo, migumisiro yacho quantitative uye Qualitative kuongorora zvinenge ivhu kutsunga shiviriro siyana. Kana kuona zvakakomba kutyorwa, akaita chinhu zvakatipoteredza odhita. Zvinangwa uye mabasa kuvimba chaizvo ari sangano, asi zvikurukuru ivo chokuita ongororo pokuita nekuchengetedzwa zvinodiwa zvose. Kana zvabuda anoratidza kuti pane zvinetso zvakakomba, mubvunzo tsotsi mhosva pamusoro chokwadi kuti kutyora mitemo zvakatipoteredza.

mhedziso

Environmental zvichiongororwa chinhu chinokosha kuunza kuchengeteka vanhu vanogara pasi redu. Ndokusaka mumwe nyika anoedza kuwana pfuma kuti sangano kutsvakurudza dzakanangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko chokuita zvakatipoteredza. Kuti zvinangwa uye zvinangwa kunoenderana munyika Environmental Management maitiro, pane kuitika sezvo kwezvakatipoteredza negwaro. Bazi iri mutemo zvinoreva zvimwe nemirau, izvo zvakanyatsonanga zvose zvinodiwa nemakambani makuru uye mabhizimisi, uyewo matanho iwayo basa kutorwa kwavari chiitiko rusvingo yemirau. Kuchizvarwa chevechiduku, zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika, dzidzo unokosha ikoroji nezvevanakomana atova padariro pre-kuchikoro uye dzidzo chikoro yave akaumba. In kirasi vana kudzidza kutarisira kwezvakatipoteredza, kushandiswa kodzera kuti zviwanikwa. mitemo yeUnited New rokudzidzisa vezera wechipiri kunosanganisira paumbwe vadzidzi 'kuda yakazvimirira kudzidza Environmental Management zveupfumi kuti kwezvakatipoteredza pakutsvakurudza uye kuongorora.