Computer zvinokosha Musoro

mudziyo upi kana mashandiro akasikwa murume, kwakavakirwa mitemo chaiyo basa rayo, izvo zvichaita govera kuburikidza nokushandisa zvinhu uye functionality. Kudikanwa kundosangana zvokukurumidzira zvinodiwa ndiyo vakurukurirane mukuru nokuda pokumuka pakubhadhara itsva michina ruzivo, etc. Izvi zvinogoneka kuunganidza ruzivo munzvimbo zhinji zvesainzi, kushandiswa iyo unokubvumira kusika wokutanga musoro kwakavakirwa imwe nzvimbo itsva zvigadzirwa, akadai nheyo kombiyuta akanyatsorongwa, uye ipapo kushandurira mumaoko mhando itsva michina. mutauro Simple munhu anonzi "hwokugadzira mberi".

The riwedzere nokuti chidzoke makombiyuta vaviri kutyaira vavariro: kudiwa huru vhoriyamu mashoko kubudiswa uye kubudirira mune minda zvesainzi (magetsi, masvomhu, wefizikisi uye mabikirwo semiconductors, simbi uye vamwe vakawanda) siyana. The mimwe yokutanga yemagetsi kadambari mano akasimbisa misimboti kombiyuta uye dzakatanga nguva nokukurumidza kusimudzira boka idzva unyanzvi midziyo, inonzi "zvemagetsi makombiyuta".

Nokuti Implementation pamusoro michina Pfungwa kadambari mudziyo akanyatsorongwa kombiyuta zvinokosha vakanga akagadzira kushandisa nemasvomhu nomufungo, kutsanangura chine zvinhu uye yokungotaura hwaro. Boolean mitemo chinorondedzerwa nheyo musoro iri kombiyuta, akagadzira muzana remakore rechi19 wokuEngland John. Bull. Kutaura zvazviri, ndicho yokungotaura hwaro digitaalinen gadziriro mashoko kugadzira. Chaizvoizvo Its dzinoumba nemitemo akanyatsorongwa ukama pakati nhamba: pachiimbwa, disjunction uye mumwe, izvo zvakafanana zvikuru chinokosha ukama inonyatsozivikanwa pakati nhamba svomhu - chokuwanziridza, Uyezve, etc. The nhamba Boolean nemasvomhu ndivo mufananidzo binary, kureva, kumiririrwa chete nemifananidzo 1 uye 0. The nezviito zvinorondedzerwa ne nhamba Boolean zvimwe zviratidzo. zvinhu izvi kubvumira wemishonga mitemo masvomhu zvokutanga musoro anorondedzera chero computational dambudziko kana kudzora chakaitwa chaiwo zviratidzo, kureva, "kunyora chirongwa." Kushandisa mazano mudziyo, chirongwa ichi chiri "monica" kupinda kombiyuta uye anoshumira "inoraswa" nokuti unofanira kuteererwa.

Chiyamuro mudziyo anomuchinja kuuya zviratidzo kupinda zviratidzo zvemagetsi somunhu binary code, uye kushanda pavari - forwarding uye rokutendeutsa kuziva nokuita svomhu uye musoro akavhiyiwa anoitwa zvemagetsi anonzi masuwo nemvumbi, pafiripi-flops etc. Idzowo waishandiswa stuffing kombiyuta, uko ivo kuverenga vari makumi ezviuru zvinhu.

Kuvaka unotora kombiyuta chikuru chikwata 4: GAC - kudzora Unit, gondohwe uye ROM - raiva pedyo nebundu kuyeuka uye kuchengetwa vanokwanisa, kuti ALU - svomhu zvisingarambiki Unit, IOCTL - O chiyamuro mudziyo. Chokwadi, mumwe nomumwe wavo uchiwirirana kubudikidza pamasikiro nheyo kombiyuta zvine musoro. Basa kombiyuta kwacho kunosanganisira vachizvitakudza kupinda RAM kana ROM uchishandisa chirongwa, zvakanyorwa chaiwo Codes, inochengeterwa pamusoro chibhakera makadhi, rinobva matepi, rinobva uye Manyiminya disks uye dzimwe nhau. chirongwa ichi rakagadzirirwa bata UU uno Rwako kana kushanda ruzivo uye kuwana chiite mugumisiro, semuenzaniso, kuratidza chifananidzo pamusoro tarisisa kana digital Audio chiratidzo atendeuka, etc. Kuti izvi zvidaro, GAC anoita akawanda anotamisa mashoko kutigumbura pakati ose mano vanobatanidzwa kombiyuta.

Mukuru "tsinga centre" riri ALU kombiyuta - muiti ose svomhu uye pfungwa kushandiswa. Iye zvino, ALU anoita basa mudziyo unonzi processor kana microprocessor, ndicho semiconductor mudziyo kukura vaviri matchboxes, pamwe yakatarwa incredible nhamba mitambo. Zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera kuti microprocessor kudzora kushanda nechitarisiko mano - monitors, vaidhinda, etc. Recent kuitika munzvimbo iyi vakabvumira kuti kusika microprocessors hwakazara akagadzirwa dzichipfekeka zviumbu makombiyuta, saka vakaonekwa vasina Chip makombiyuta uye muhomwe-saizi ine zvizere kombiyuta. Chinotoshamisa kusiyana kuti nheyo kombiyuta akagadzirirwa kamwe kwenguva yokutanga kadambari mudziyo musoro, handishanduki kusvikira nhasi.