Mhuka rokutanga muchadenga. Belka uye Strelka - imbwa muchadenga kunoongorora

April nemiviri yose anopemberera Cosmonautics Day. Yakanga, shure muna 1961, yokutanga mbudo muchadenga akaita Soviet cosmonaut Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin.

Munhu angapinda muchadenga, pasina kutya kuti utano hwavo uye pasina vachiisa upenyu hwavo pangozi, vaifanira makore yokutsvakurudza uye rinoshanda kuedza dzakawanda.

Hazvina chakavanzika vanhu asati vakaona Earth kuburikidza kakomba ari chitundumusere-musere, mhuka zvave muchadenga. Shaggy muchadenga kunoongorora achiwana pamusoro ndege, izvo achatora mhiri Dzenyika mhepo, murume akanyatsotevera rarehwa mhuka yokutanga muchadenga uye manzwiro avanoita. Special midziyo anobvumira kurinda, kunyange zviduku kuchinja muviri wavo hurongwa. Data izvi zvaiita kuvandudza nokushanda ndege michina kuti mberi zvaibvira nokuparura munhu muchadenga asina ngozi dzoutano ake.

The inonyanya ngano

Chii mhuka akatuma muchadenga pakutanga? Vakawanda mubvunzo uyu angaita zvokutanga. Most Active Achipindura, takanzwa kuti mhuka vokutanga vakati vachiona nzvimbo, aiva vaviri mongrel imbwa ainzi Belka uye Strelka. Uye, kuti kushamiswa vazhinji, tinofanira kushuma kuti mhinduro iyi zvakaipa.

Uye vari zvose iyo wokutanga?

In kwokutanga nzendo tsvakurudzo, masayendisiti US akatuma muchadenga primates. mhuka idzi vakasarudzwa nokuda kwavo vasiri napedyo kuvanhu.

The ndege kwakadaro suborbital wokutanga kuitwa vanachiremba NASA June 11, 1948. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti Tsoko haana kurarama munguva chiedzwa ichi. Mashomanana Zara vaigara venyama pamwe chete mugumisiro. Asi panguva Vols izvi zvichiri kugona kuunganidza mashoko kuti vakwanise kwakavandudzwa ano, uye nemhuka vachimbundira muchadenga, simbi vakachengeteka kudzokera Earth mupenyu uye mutano. Muna 60-ies takatanga kushandisa ndege pamwechete kuwana muchadenga.

In zvachose, kutsvakurudza mapurogiramu inoitiswa United States pakati 1948 uye 1969, kwakatangwa muchadenga 32 primate.

Space Travel Dog

Panguva iyoyo vari kufanana muUnited States Soviet Union wakaitwa ayo nzvimbo kudziongorora. Kwavari, imbwa yaishandiswa kakawanda. Unoziva chii mhuka chokutanga, imwe akayerera muchadenga kubva Russian cosmodrome?

Dezik uye vechiGypsy - izvi imbwa mbiri muchivanze July 22, 1951 vakaenda ballistic chombo yokumusoro mhepo. Kutaura muganhu zvimiso pamwe muchadenga, riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 100 km, vari munzvimbo inokosha Kamudzira yakawira zvakanaka pasi. Ndege rwakatora maminitsi 20, uye pashure nembwa mbiri kunzwa kukuru. Chaizvoizvo vhiki imwe yakakumikidzwa imwe ndege, uko kwakaguma zvishoma zvinobudirira. Dezik kakawanda akatuma muchadenga, uye mumwe mufambi ari chombo, imbwa ainzi Fox, yakadonha panguva kumhara, sezvo parachuti, iyo aifanira nechokwadi munhu kumhara anotsvedzerera Kamudzira haina kuzarurwa.

Waitirwa nzvimbo nyanzvi kunzi vatungamiri vanotanga chiedzwa ichi. Asi tsvakurudzo haana kurega. In yose, pakati 1959 uye 1960, 29 Sub-orbital ndege akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze uko imbwa vava, tsuro, makonzo chena uye mbeva. Vamwe mhuka yokutanga nzvimbo munzendo dzake dzaiva pasi yokutindivadza - kuitira kuti vakwanise kudzidza vasiri mamiriro muviri.

Animal Vols kupinda muchadenga

The ndege yokutanga pamusoro chitundumusere-musere isasvika muchadenga, vakatakura zvipenyu rakazova November 3, 1957. Uye kana vasati mhuka takaendeswa vaviri vaviri, zvino Soviet mutakurwi chikepe "Sputnik-2" akava mumwe chete imbwa Laika ainzi. Kunyange zvazvo dzokera zvazviri kwete imbwa zvaigoneka, asi iye akafa achiri kutiza, pashure maawa 5, vavesa 4 azere ritenderere Panyika. Chinokonzera rufu yake yaiva yakawanda mupfungwa uye overheating muviri. It Laika - iri mhuka wokutanga, munhu zvakanyunguduka muchadenga kuti muchadenga uye zvinosuwisa, haana kudzoka.

The inotevera nguva Satellite nevanhu vanorarama mubhazi vakaendeswa muchadenga makore matatu chete gare gare. Zvino musi July 28, 1960 The ndege akanga kundikana, chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa raputika pashure 38 masekonzi pashure kutanga injini. In kuedza ichi, imbwa vakaurayiwa muchadenga kunoongorora Chanterelle uye Gaviota.

Uye August 19, 1960 chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa "Sputnik-5" akaenda muchadenga, akaita 17 nokumukirana yakapoteredza Pasi uye tikamira zvinobudirira. All nguva ino mungarava dzakanga terrific Belka uye Strelka. Mushure komisheni muna March 1961, vashoma zvikuru ava ibudirire kutiza, kwakasarudzwa kutumira munhu muchadenga wokutanga.

Kusarudzwa mhuka kuedza zviri muchadenga

Mhuka yokutanga muchadenga havana saizvozvo, vakanga vakanyatso sarudzwa vakadzidziswa pamberi kutiza. Sezvineiwo, kusarudza imbwa kubatanidzwa ndege, akapa kupfuura pachivanze, outbred vanhu, nekuti vakanga vari mumuviri zvikuru akaomarara.

For orbital Vols vaida imbwa utano achirema kilos isingasviki mitanhatu uye masendimita 35 pakureba, pakati pemakore maviri kusvika makore matanhatu. Uise sensors kuti kuverenga mashoko ari zvikuru yokuita yaiva mhuka shorthaired.

Asati kubhururuka imbwa vakadzidziswa kuva namahwindo yamakamuri vatevedzere zviri chitundumusere-musere kabhini, regai kutya guru ruzha uye vibrations, kudya, kushandisa zano rinokosha kuti anopa zvokudya weightlessness.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro kutiza rokutanga Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga

Zvinonzi kutiza Belka uye Strelka ari muchadenga avhurira vanhu nzira nyeredzi.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti chaizvoizvo izvi imbwa akanaka anonzi Albina uye Marquis, asi pamberi kutanga kuedza chiri chiratidzo kutsiva yokumwe nicknames muSoviet, uye ikozvino mhuka rokutanga muchadenga, akashanyira muchadenga uye zvakachengeteka vakadzokera Earth, vakajaira kwatiri mazita nuoli pasi uye Squirrel.

Dogs vakasarudzwa kubva vakawanda vamhan'ari, asi, kunze dzinokosha mumuviri parameters kwaikosha jasi ruvara. Kunakisa mhuka yakanga chiedza ruvara, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti kuongorora kwavo kubudikidza monitors. Chimwe chinokosha chaiva imbwa uye kuteterera, sezvo zvakaita kubudirira kuedza kwavo hazvo akapa zvevoruzhinji.

Kunyange zvazvo vaitarisira ya kutiza Belka uye Strelka ndiro zuva rimwe, asi pamusoro mukurovedza kuidzwa mhuka dzaiva anofungidzirwa ndege mamiriro kusvikira mazuva masere.

Panguva kutiza muchikepe munhu achishanda upenyu-rutsigiro hurongwa, uye kushandisa unokosha midziyo imbwa ezvinhu enyika weightlessness taipiwa zvokudya uye mvura. Kazhinji, mhuka kunzwa zvakanaka, uye chete panguva chitundumuseremusere kanda vakaona mwoyo palpitations. Nhamba iyi normalized kana chitundumusere-musere yasvika muchadenga.

Kamwe zvaitwa pakukura mhuka nzvimbo, zvakava pachena - munhu anogona kuenda kunze pasi muchadenga uye kudzokera kukuvara.

Dzimwe mhuka akanga ari muchadenga

Mukuwedzera primates uye imbwa panze pasi muchadenga vakashanyira uye nedzimwe mhuka dzakadai katsi, nenjiva, matatya, hozhwa, tsuro, mbeva, mapete, newts, uye kunyange dzimwe mhando hove. Vazhinji vachava kufarira kuziva kuti March 22, 1990 pamusoro spaceship "Mir" akakwanisa hatch chicks mazai zvihuta. Ndiyo chokwadi yokuberekwa mupenyu ari muchadenga yokutanga.

Inogona rora mhuka muchadenga?

Asi chokwadi chokuti kare zai angatanga uye tsotsonya chicks ari muchadenga, hazvirevi kuti mhuka uye zvinomera zviri muchadenga anogona kubereka. NASA masayendisiti vakanga varatidza kuti yepasi pose nemwaranzi tigume dzokubereka basa zvipenyu. Camadas masero nokuda vakawanda Hova protons vari muchadenga, hauchafambi kuita kwayo ushande. Saka Conception zvisisakwanisiki. Uyewo ari weboka kuedza vasingagoni kuponeswa maererano nzvimbo kare zarozhdonnye tuvana. Vakabva varega kukura uye akafa.