Nickel - chii ichi? ehupfumi kuti nickel

Yakanga 1751. In musayendisiti duku Swedish yakafanira Axel Frederick Krondstedtu akazviratidza chinhu pa nhamba 17. Panguva iyoyo yakanga anozivikanwa nesimbi 12 chete, pamwe sarufa, phosphorus, Arsenic uye kabhoni. Vakatora zita rake wekambani itsva iye - nickel.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kwemakore akawanda asati ichi chishamiso kuwanikwa miners kubva Saxony vaiziva mhangura, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuti mhangura mhangura. Kuedza kubvisa mhangura kubva ichi zvinhu zvaiva kubudirira. Unonzwa vanyengedzwa, pesimbi vakatanga kunzi "kupfernikel" (mu Russian - "Copper Dhiyabhorosi").

mhangura ichi nyanzvi vanofarira pamusoro zvicherwa Krondstedt. Pashure taisireva kugamuchira simbi itsva, iyo vakatumidza nickel. KuBaton Research intercepted Bergman. Akaenderera mberi akanatsa simbi uye vakagumisa kuti chinhu ichi chinoratidza simbi.

ehupfumi zvokunyama nickel

Nickel kunobatanidzwa wegumi boka zvinhu uye mudura wechina nguva, pasi mabhomba nhamba periodic table iri tafura 28. Kana achabva Ni chiratidzo, ndizvo nickel. It ane yeyero Hue iri sirivha hwaro. Kunyange panguva simbi mhepo hauzoti whitish. Hard uye oma zvakakwana. It anongokurukurwa kuti ndokugadzira, saka unogona kuita zvinhu zvakanaka kwazvo. Zvakakwana yakabwinyiswa. Nickel vanogona chekucheresa magineti. Kunyange panguva tembiricha kuti 340 madhigirii ane kubvisa wemasaini zvinooneka rinobva unhu nickel. Nickel - resimbi iri husingakwanisi ngura. Anoratidza simba reactivity. Chii chingataurwa pamusoro zvemakemikari ehupfumi kuti nickel?

mushonga ehupfumi

Chii chinodiwa kuti kuona Qualitative Kuronga nickel? Panofanira kuva kutapurirana maatomu (kureva nhamba yavo) rinoumbwa simbi yedu. The matadza guru (anonziwo mabhomba uremu) vakaenzana 58.6934 (g / mol). With miganhu mberi mberi. The nharaunda yedu resimbi atomu 124 pm. Kana kuyera Ion nharaunda, mugumisiro akaratidza (+ 2e) 69 NM uye 115 NM nhamba - ndiye covalent nharaunda. On rapanzvimbo rakakurumbira crystallographer uye guru kemisiti Pauling electronegativity akaenzana 1,91, uye zvingakwanisa e - 0.25 V.

chiito mhepo uye mvura nickel anenge kunyora nezvavo. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa alkali. Nei simbi ichi anopindura kudaro? pamusoro wayo akasikwa NIO. bemhapemha uyu firimu usingabereki oxidize. Kana nickel kuti vakuchidzire yakakwirira chaizvo kutonhora, zvino anotanga kuratidza maitiro pamwe oxygen, uye anoita halogens, pamwe nevamwe.

Kana nickel opinda nitric acid, maitiro haangavi kutora nguva. Zvinonzi zvakare nyore kusashanda ari mhinduro pamwe amoniya.

Asi kwete vose asidhi anoita nickel. acids zvakadai dzakadai hydrochloric uye sulfuric acid, izvozvo unoparara zvishoma nezvishoma chaizvo asi zvirokwazvo. Kuedza kuita zvakafanana phosphoric asidhi kuti nickel zvavo zvisina kubudirira.

Nickel zvakasikwa

Nokufungidzira masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti chinoumba redu - ndiyo chiwanikwa, iyo ine 90% yesimbi uye nickel muna 10 munguva isingasviki. Pane pamberi cobalt - 0,6%. Panguva kutenderera ari unhani anosarudzwa pasi paiva nickel maatomu. Ivowo vakatanga kuti sulfide mhangura-nickel mhangura, nendarira uye pfumbu. Vamwe bolder nickel maatomu haana kugumira ipapo uye kuzarura nzira mberi. Pamusoro pemvura maatomu vari kutsvaka mune boka pamwe chromium, magnesium, simbi. Uyezve, shamwari dzedu simbi iri oxidized uye unclipped.

Pamusoro penyika kuitika uye ultrabasic matombo acid. Observation masayendisiti, ari nickel tigutsikane ari acidic mabwe kudzika zvikuru pane ari ultramafic. Naizvozvo, ivhu uye uswa pane zvakanaka vafumiswa pamwe nickel. Asi rwendo gamba pasi kukurukurwa ari biosphere, uye mvura yakanga isina kudaro kuchioneka.

nickel mhangura

Industrial uye nickel ores akakamurwa mhando mbiri.

1. Sulfide mhangura-nickel. Zvicherwa: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - ichi ndizvo zviri ores izvi. Ndinokutendai magma norudo navo. Kubva sulfide ores kunogonawo kuva palladium, goridhe uye zvakawanda.
2. Silicate nickel mhangura. Vane unzenza, rakafanana nevhu. Mhangura kwakadai ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Where zvinoshanda nickel

Nickel rinoshandiswa zvikuru muna indasitiri simba akadai simbi. Kureva, iri kugadzirwa munhu siyana alloys. Kunyanya chiwanikwa kunosanganisira simbi, nickel uye cobalt. Kune alloys dzakawanda, izvo inobva Login nickel. It chinobatanidza redu resimbi chiwanikwa, akadai titanium, chromium, molybdenum. Nickel chinoshandiswawo kudzivirira zvigadzirwa kuti nokukurumidza corrodes. Izvi chigadzirwa nickel, ndiko, kuti asike chaiwo nickel unhani kuti kunotadzisa ngura kuti bhizimisi ravo bhowa.

Nickel - anowedzera yakanaka chaizvo. Saka, zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa makemikari indasitiri. midziyo iyi, glassware, michina nokuti mafomu siyana. For mishonga, zvokudya, pakukurukura zvigadziko, kuchengetera zvinokosha anonhuwirira aishandiswa matangi Matangi akagadzirwa nickel nezvinhu. Pasina simbi iyi haigoni kuita mabhomba michina, terevhizheni, zvakasiyana-siyana mano, pakarongwa iri refu kwazvo.

Kana ukatarira zvinoenderana nechipimo ichi, sezvo mudziyo, akatevera mune zvokuimba engineering, tinogona kuona kuti anodes uye cathodes - a nickel machira. Uye ichi hachisi mazita yose kushandisa inoshamisa simbi akadaro. Usarerutsa ukoshi nickel uye mishonga.

Nickel mu mushonga

Nickel inoshandiswa mukurapa wakakura kwazvo. Chokutanga, ngatiregei tora zvokushandisa zvinodiwa kuti oparesheni. Mugumisiro hwokushanda hakubvi chete pamusoro chiremba, asiwo kunaka chiridzwa, raanoshanda. Zviridzwa pasi vakawanda mbereko, uye kana vari vakaita kubva chiwanikwa kuti haibatanidzi nickel, kuti ngura haisi refu kumirira. Uye zvokushandisa dzakagadzirwa simbi, ine nickel, upenyu hwakareba.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro anodyara kuzvigadzirisa kuyangarara nickel alloys. Nickel simbi aine simba. Mano kuti kugadzira mapfupa, dentures, screws - zvose akaita kubva simbi iyi. In dentistry, anodyara, zvakare, vakatora nzvimbo yavo simba. Zvikorekedzo, Stainless simbi kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo orthodontists kushandisa.

Nickel mu zvipenyu

Kana kutarira nyika kubva pasi-kumusoro, mufananidzo uri pamusoro uyu. Pasi petsoka ivhu redu. The nickel tigutsikane mairi kupfuura zvinomera. Asi kana tikaongorora zvinomera pasi prism izvo tichinetseka, mukuru zviri nickel iri legume. A nickel chikamu muzana kunowedzera nechipiriso zvirimwa.

Funga zvishoma avhareji nickel kugutsikana mune miti, zvomumvura uye mhuka yenyika. Uye chokwadi, iri munhu. Nokuyerwa iri uremu muzana. Nokudaro, vakawanda nickel mune miti 5 * 10 ^-5. Pano mhuka 1 * 10 ^-6, zvomumvura mhuka 1,6 * 10 ^-4. Uye Human nickel kugutsikana 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Basa nickel mumuviri womunhu

Healthy uye yakanaka munhu unoda kuva nguva dzose. Nickel - ndeimwe zvicherwa anokosha ari mumuviri womunhu. Nickel yemanyorero rinoungana mumapapu, itsvo uye chiropa. nickel kuunganidza muvanhu inowanikwa nebvudzi thyroid uye rwatata. Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose. Ko simbi mumuviri? Zvadaro tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti iye Sweden, nomukohwi, uye dude igrets. zvinoti:

• kwete pasina kubudirira, achiedza kubatsira kupa masero pamwe okisijeni;
• oxidation-rutapudzo basa munyama vachawa pamafudzi nickel;
• haazezi kuita yokudzora muviri hormone mumatunhu;
• zvakanaka oxidizes vhitamini C;
• Zvinogona kutaurwa kubatanidzwa yaro muviri mafuta;
• Nickel mugumisiro zvikuru ropa.

Ndinoda kucherechedza guru kukosha nickel muchitokisi. microelement ichi anodzivirira muchitokisi Kamudzira uye nucleic acids, kureva magadzirirwo yavo.

Kunyange zvazvo mazita mabasa akafanira nickel zvinogona mberi. Kubva apa, tinoona kuti nickel muviri inoda. Izvi zvisaririra chicherwa mumuviri yedu kunobva zvokudya. Kazhinji nickel mumuviri yakakwana, nekuti tinofanira kuva vakasvimha. Alarm zvinorira kwokushaya yedu simbi - ndiwo nechitarisiko dermatitis. Heino kukosha nickel muvanhu.

Alloys kuti nickel

Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana alloys ose nickel. Hedzinoi pfungwa mapoka matatu.

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira alloys ose nickel uye mhangura. Dzinonzi alloys nickel-mhangura. In chii zvikuru havana fused zvinhu izvi zviviri, zvinoguma hunoshamisa uye Chikurukuru - hapana isingatarisirwi. The homogeneous chiwanikwa ndeyechokwadi. Kana zviripo zvakawanda mhangura pane nickel, chinotaurwa ehupfumi emhangura kusimbaradzwa, uye kana koshesa nickel, nickel chiwanikwa Exhibits hunhu.

alloys nickel-mhangura dzakakurumbira iri kugadzirwa Mari, muchina nhengo. Chiwanikwa Constantine, umo vanenge 60% yemhangura, uye pakuenzanisa nickel, inoshandiswa pave midziyo kuvakuru kururama.

Chimbofunga chiwanikwa pamwe nickel uye chromium. Nichrome. Husingakwanisi ngura, acid, kupisa nemishonga. alloys kwakadaro kushandiswa ndege michini, zvenyukireya reactors, asi chete kana ivo kupa 80% nickel.

We mberi kune rechitatu boka alloys. It alloys nesimbi. Gurai muvira 4 marudzi.

1. Heat nemishonga - husingakwanisi dzakakwirira tembiricha. chiwanikwa Izvi anenge 50% unotora nickel. Pangave ibatanidzo molybdenum, titanium, aruminiyamu.
2. Magnetic - vakawedzera permeability, rinowanzoshandiswa magetsi mapurani.
3. Anticorrosion - pasina chiwanikwa ichi kuita pakuburitswa kwemakemikari zvokushandisa, uyewo kana kushanda mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. The chiwanikwa zvinosanganisira molybdenum.
4. Chiwanikwa kuti anoramba ukuru hwaro uye kusimba. A thermocouple muchoto. Zviri pano kuti kune chiwanikwa yakadaro. Kana neshungu kuponeswa saizi kukura uye elasticity akarasika. nickel sezvo zvakafanira kuti chiwanikwa aiva ehupfumi zvakadai? Metal ari chiwanikwa kunofanira vanenge 40%.

Nickel mumba

Kana iwe tarisa kumativi, unogona kuona kuti nickel alloys zvinovakomberedza munhu pose. Ngatitange nefanicha. Chiwanikwa anodzivirira mujinga midziyo kubva zvakakanganisika, zvinokonzerwa. Teererai nenhumbi. Kunyange pamusoro hwindo, kunyange midziyo. Rinogona kushandiswa kwenguva refu uye anotarisa zvakanakisa. Tinoenda rwokuparidza yedu kuchimbuzi. Pano, nickel-isina nzira. Shower Namachinda, vharafu, chisanganiso - zvose zviri nickel-kuifukidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti kukanganwa kuti ngura kwakadaro. Ko iwe kunyara kutarira chigadzirwa, nokuti anotarisa zvakanaka uye anoramba ari yakarongedzwa. Details vane nickel-kuifukidza inowanikwa decoration hurongwa.

Nickel haagoni kunzi simbi zviduku. Nezvimwe zvicherwa uye ores vanogona pamusoro nickel. Ndinofara kuti kwakadaro ichocho aripo pamusoro yedu, uye kunyange ari mumuviri womunhu. Pano dzaanoridza gitare iri hematopoietic urongwa, uye kunyange DNA. Zvinowanzoshandiswa unyanzvi. Its kuvamumwe nickel kunowanwa kwemakemikari nemishonga kana yokunamisa dziviriro.

Nickel - resimbi kuti ane remangwana kukuru. Zvechokwadi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo hunokosha.