Wave-PARTICIPLE duality uye hunhu chiedza

Chiedza refu vakasara mumwe chikuru zvinhu kudzidza. Masayendisiti akawanda vakatsvaka kuziva hunhu hwake, asi kuita izvozvo zvakanga zvakaoma nokuti shoma vachikanganisa. The tanga dzidziso vachiedza kutsanangura mamiriro yechiedza, waiva chinozunguzirwa dzidziso. Zvakatonyorwa refu zvakurukurwa yakarurama uye wechokwadi, uye kwakanga kusina preconditions kuumba chinozunguzirwa PARTICIPLE duality. Nepo uchenjeri kwakajairika mune wefizikisi kuti chiedza zvakasikwa - chinozunguzirwa, uye maatomu nezvimwe zvacho duku nhaka chete PARTICIPLE ehupfumi.

Fungidziro roswedera kuparara, nokuti zvakanga zvisingabviri kuti atsanangure nemamiriro atomu. Rutherford somugumisiro kuedza ake, akaita kubvuma kuti maatomu musimboti uri pakati, pane zvakawanda zvikuru, uye maerekitironi vari richiparadzirwa munyika vhoriyamu, achizadza nzvimbo takasununguka. Asi dzidziso haina yasimbiswa nekuti maererano nokufungidzira, zvakadai hurongwa yaisagona chichitarisirwa.

Prerequisites nokuti paumbwe imwe matsva

Gare gare, akanga vawana Chiitiko ari photoelectric maturo, chinokambaira mhiri dzenhoroondo wefizikisi kuti predominated panguva. Naizvozvo, ndizvo photoelectric mugumisiro akabatsira chimiro chinozunguzirwa PARTICIPLE duality, nokuti zvakaita kuti kudiwa quantum wefizikisi. Its chinhu ndechokuti inoramba dzakabudiswa ehupfumi kuti zvaizova zvisingabviri kana tikafunga navo chiedza pemisimboti dzekare wefizikisi. Wave-PARTICIPLE duality raiva rokutanga dzidziso akadzidza nenzira itsva bazi wefizikisi.

Musimboti wacho photoelectric mugumisiro ndechokuti zvazvo nyaya nokupesvedzera pfupi-wave nemwaranzi chaibwinya ne kutsanya maerekitironi. Huru musiyano pamwe dzekare wefizikisi ndechokuti simba chaibwinya ne kutsanya maerekitironi hakubvi pamusoro nemwaranzi zvikuru. Values chete vakanga ehupfumi ari fuma, uyewo kupisa maitikiro. Panguva iyoyo, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutsanangura nzira yokusunungurwa kubva photoelectrons yakavakirwa iripo mashoko.

Wave dzidziso chinhu coherent uye cogent. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, nokuita kuti mwaranzi simba iri kuparadzirwa noruvara muchiedza wave. Kana anorova munhu Erekitironi, iye anomuudza mumwe yakawanda simba, ukuwo, maererano nepfungwa iyi, dzakanga kunyatsoita, dzakanga simba. Asi chokwadi, zvose akabuda zvishoma zvakasiyana.

Kukura pfungwa hunyambiri

Albert Einstein akatanga kutaura pfungwa yokuti discrete nehunhu chiedza. Uyewo isu akatanga kukudziridza quantum munda yokuti uye pfungwa quantum minda, izvo zvakabatsira kuti kuumba chinozunguzirwa PARTICIPLE duality.

The Chaizvoizvo ndechokuti chiedza anogona kuchinja kuti remagetsi mafungu, saka, rune ehupfumi ari PARTICIPLE kuyerera panyama - pakati photons. Asi apo zviitiko zvakadai diffraction uye chipingaidzo chiedza akava akasiyana chinozunguzirwa ehupfumi. A dzakatevedzana kuedza chaiitirwa kuratidza duality chiedza chacho. Zviri maererano zvavo chinozunguzirwa PARTICIPLE duality chiedza yakavakwa, kureva photon rinoratidza PARTICIPLE ehupfumi, asi munyika dzinoverengeka kuedza aiva kuratidzwa zvakajeka zvinozunguzirwa zvivako.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti pfungwa dzakadaro panguva vari chete chenhau kufarira. Wave-PARTICIPLE duality zvivako nyaya kuumbwa kuva dzidziso panguva apo kudzidza zvakafanana zvivako ichangotanga, asi zvino vakanga chaizvoizvo nheyo mapazi matsva wefizikisi. imwe dzidziso yakadaro yakanga vachiedza kutsanangura Chiitiko mutsva mutauro dzekare wefizikisi.

Kutaura zvazviri, kubva pfungwa nemaonero quantum wefizikisi izvi zvinhu hazvisi nezvimedu, dzinenge dziri ainakidza mupfungwa. Vanowana zvimwe zvivako chete kana kusvika. Zvisinei, kuti duality dzidziso richiri kushandiswa kutsanangura zvimwe zvinotaurwa yezvakaita chiedza.