Ytterbium internet Laser: mudziyo, kuti uchishandisa pfungwa, simba, kugadzira, shandisa

Fiber lasers vari chiine rakasimba, yakarurama, uye nyore uparadzire Kutemeswa kupisa. Vakasvika mhando dzakasiyana uye ndine zvakawanda chokuita lasers vemamwe marudzi nokuzvidya nemamwe zvakanakira dzavo.

Fiber lasers: oparesheni

Mano kwakadai mureza kusiyana yakasimba-mamiriro kunobva coherent mwaranzi kubva faibha, pachinzvimbo tsvimbo kushanda fluid bwendefa kana Disc. Chiedza kunotangira iri dopant nechepakati chikamu faibha. The inokosha mamiriro ingabva nyore kusvika zvikuru kunzwisisa. Ytterbium internet Laser midziyo zvokuti faibha ane guru pamusoro kuti vhoriyamu reshiyo, saka kupisa inogona diffused nekaupenyu nyore.

Fiber lasers vari pumped optically, kazhinji tichibatsirwa diode lasers, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko - zvakafanana zvinyorwa. Optics aishandiswa izvi hurongwa kazhinji inomirira optic zvinoriumba, makange maitwa kana vose vari chokuita nomumwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rimwe hombe optics, uye dzimwe nguva dzakawanda Manyiminya internet gadziriro unobatanidzwa ane kwokunze hombe optics.

A diode pombi panobva angava diode wakazvigadzira, kana muzvizhinji nomunhu diodes, chimwe nechimwe kunofambidzana kuti connector internet optic waveguide. Doped faibha panguva imwe magumo ane girazi mhango resonator - iri tsika kuita faibha Bragg nesefa. At kumigumo hombe optics vane, kana kwete chete goho danda anopinda chinhu kunze faibha. Chiedza gwaro anogona vakamonyanisa saka kana vaida Laser mhango vangava kureba mamita anoverengeka kuti.

binuclear

Structure fibers akashandiswa faibha lasers, kunokosha. Rakajairika ndiyo geometry ane hunyambiri-echivako. Undoped Nechepakati (dzimwe nguva anonzi intima) pumped anounganidza chiedza uye anoritungamirira achifamba faibha. Dzinovhurika nemwaranzi zvakapararira munyika faibha ichipfuura yomukati chinoumba, izvo kazhinji imwe nzira. Yomukati Musimboti ine chirungiso ytterbium, dzinovhurika nokuda pombi chiedza. Kune siyana noncircular Nechepakati kusanganisira - hexagonal, D-zvakaumbwa uye rectangular, kuderedza ndingangokuvara rinomupotsa chiedza danda nechepakati core.

The internet Laser anogona kuva magumo kana divi kupomba. In yokutanga nyaya chiedza kubva kana zvimwe zvinyorwa anopinda internet magumo. Kana divi kupomba chiedza nechikoro kuti mahwanda rinopa nayo kuruvanze core. Izvi zvakasiyana kubva Laser tsvimbo apo chiedza anopinda perpendicular kuti akabatana.

Nokuti chisarudzo chakadaro kunoda STRUCTURAL zviitiko. Wandei pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna nokupfupikisa pombi chiedza chinoumba kubereka vemo inversion, zvichitungamirira dzinovhurika akabuda ari yomukati core. Laser Musimboti angava kunosiyana inosiyana amplification ari faibha zvichienderana doping, uyewo kureba kwayo. Zvinhu izvi zviri kuisa ave magadzirirwo injiniya nokuda runodiwa parameters.

Power muganhu zvingaitika, kunyanya kana kushanda mukati rimwe-rudzi faibha. Kwakadaro Musimboti munhu ane vashomashoma muchinjikwa-sectional nzvimbo, uye somugumisiro rinopfuura chiedza therethrough dzakakwirira kwazvo zvikuru. Kana izvi kuva zvakawanda raidudzwa non-Linear Brillouin vaparadzirwa, izvo ichikutadzisa simba goho anoverengeka zviuru watts or. Kana goho riri kumusoro zvakakwana, iyo internet mugumo anogona sousingabatsiri.

Kunyanya faibha lasers

Kushandiswa faibha sezvo kushanda Urume anopa zvikuru kudyidzana urefu, iyo inoshanda zvakanaka kana diode kupomba. Izvi geometry kunoguma yakakwirira kutendeuka kunyatsoshanda kuti photons, uyewo hwakavimbika uye chiine kuvakwa, umo musina discrete optics, vachikumbira kuchinja kana kunangiswa.

A internet Laser, iyo midziyo kunoita kuti kuchinja zvakanaka, inogona chakatorwa kuti nomoto guru simbi machira uye kubereka femtosecond pulses. Fiber-optic amplifiers zvinopa chete-vanopfuura pfuma uye zvinoshandiswa foni, sezvo vanogona kutsigira wavelengths zhinji panguva imwe chete. Chete yakaipa rinoshandiswa nesimba amplifiers pamwe tenzi oscillator. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, gudzazwi inogona kushanda pamwe chinoramba chinozunguzirwa Laser.

Mumwe muenzaniso itsime vaingoerekana akabuda kubva faibha-chisimbiso, umo dzinovhurika achine iri woutsinye. Mumwe muenzaniso uri Raman internet Laser pamwe yakawedzera akapararira substantially fura wavelength. It awana kushanda mu tsvakurudzo, uko mubatanidzwa kumarudzi amplification vachishandisa fluoride girazi pane mureza silica fibers.

Zvisinei, kazhinji, fibers zvakagadzirwa silica girazi isingawanzopotswi-pasi dopant ari core. Dzinokosha yokuvirisa vari ytterbium uye erbium. Ytterbium ane wavelengths kubva 1030 kusvika 1080 nm, uye anogona emit pamusoro-siyana. Kushandiswa 940-nm diode pombi yekudyidzana akazoita dhefisiti pamusoro photons. Ytterbium haana kuzvipira richipedza zvinokonzerwa, vari neodymium panguva dzakakwirira densities, saka yokupedzisira inoshandiswa zvakawanda lasers uye ytterbium - mu faibha (vose anopa pamusoro chete wavelength).

Erbium inongorira iri kuwanda 1530-1620 nm, yakachengeteka nokuda meso. Kakawanda kunogona kaviri vaunze chiedza pa 780 nm, zvisina kuwanikwa zvimwe mhando faibha lasers. Pakupedzisira, ytterbium inogona kuwedzerwa erbium kuti chinhu achaita yokufungisisa pombi nemwaranzi nekufambisa simba iri erbium. Thulium - mumwe dopant kuti akabuda ari pedo michini nharaunda, iyo saizvozvo wakachengeteka nokuda ziso mifananidzo.

yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda

The internet Laser chinhu quasi--pamwero matatu hurongwa. pombi photons fadza kuchinja kubva pasi mamiriro kusvikira chapamusoro. Laser Kuchinja kuri pagomba rakadzika mugove rokumusoro chechetere pane imwe mahwanda zvakohwewa States. Izvi inoshanda chaizvo: somuenzaniso, ytterbium-940 nm photon pombi inongorira photon pamwe wavelength pamusoro 1030 nm, uye quantum urema (simba kurasikirwa), chete anenge 9%.

Kusiyana, neodymium, pumped pa 808 nm anorasikirwa vanenge 24% kuti simba. Saka, ytterbium nekupedza ane mukuru kunyatsoshanda, kunyange vose hazvina kuvapo nokuda kurasikirwa vamwe photons. Yb anogona pumped nenzira dzinoverengeka kakawanda evapambi, uye erbium - wavelength kubva 1480 kana 980 nm. The yepamusoro maitikiro hakusi inobudirira panyaya kuremara photons, asi anobatsira, kunyange muchiitiko ichi, nekuti nenguva 980 nm, zvakanakisisa matsime iripo.

Tikwanise kunyatsoshanda of internet Laser ndiwo mugumisiro vaviri-danho muitiro. Chekutanga, ndiwo kunyatsoshanda yacho pombi diode. Semiconductor manyuko coherent mwaranzi dzinobudirira chaizvo, aine 50% kunyatsoshanda unoponesa wemagetsi chiratidzo ive Manyiminya. Zvakabuda Murabhoritari kudzidzwa zvinoratidza kuti zvinobvira kusvika kukosha 70% kana kupfuura. With chaiyo mutambo goho nemwaranzi Absorção de Água mutsetse internet Laser kunoitwa uye yakakwirira kupomba kunyatsoshanda.

Chechipiri, ichi Manyiminya-Manyiminya kutendeuka kunyatsoshanda. Kana chiduku urema photons anogona kuzadzisa yakakwirira mwero excitation uye dzokubudisa kunyatsoshanda kuti Manyiminya-Manyiminya kutendeuka kunyatsoshanda pamusoro 60-70%. The zvichiguma kunyatsoshanda iri kuwanda 25-35%.

siyana configurations

Fiber quantum kuramba chinozunguzirwa emagetsi kungava kuroora kana multimode (transverse modes). Singlemode kubudisa yepamusoro danda kuti zvinhu, kushanda kana kutumira danda kuburikidza muchadenga, uye multimode mumaindasitiri faibha lasers anogona rumwe simba. Rinoshandiswa kuti nokuveza uye nomoto, uye zvikurukuru nokuti Kupisa kurapwa, apo imwe nzvimbo huru iri zvakavhenekerwa.

The refu internet Laser iri substantially quasi-kuramba midziyo kazhinji millisecond pulses urwu mhando. Kazhinji ibasa kutenderera ndiyo 10%. Izvi zvinotisvitsa yepamusoro nenhamba simba kupfuura chichiitwa muoti (yemanyorero kagumi) rinoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, kwenguva pulsed kuchera. Kakawanda kungava 500 Hz, zvichienderana nguva.

Q-nokuchinja mu faibha lasers uyewo anoita se ari hombe. A chaiwo kupomba nguva iri kuwanda nanoseconds kuti microseconds. Kureba faibha, kwenguva refu zvinotora kuti Q-nokuchinja kubva goho mwaranzi, zvichiguma refu kufamba kweropa.

Fiber ehupfumi mamwe zvausingakwanisi pamusoro Q vachisiyanisa inzwi. The nonlinearity of internet Laser iri zvikuru pamusana duku muchinjikwa sectional nzvimbo chinoumba, saka kuti yepamusoro simba zvinofanira kuva mishoma. Unogona kushandisa kana kuti Q vhoriyamu haizoshandisi, izvo zvinopa yepamusoro waivako, kana optic modulators, izvo chokuita kumigumo yezviri chikamu.

Q-kushandisa pulses zvinogona yakakura mune faibha kana iri mhango resonator. Muenzaniso yokupedzisira anogona kuwanikwa National Complex simulation zvenyukireya miedzo (NIF, Livermore, CA), apo internet Laser inyanzvi oscillator nokuda 192 matanda. pulses Small huru Slabs regirazi doped yakakura kune megajoules.

In faibha lasers pamwe yaunonyanya kushandisa nokudzokorora maitikiro kunoenderana pakureba unowedzera zvinhu, sezvo mune dzimwe modes ose yaunonyanya kushandisa nematunhu uye kupomba nguva kunobva kukwanisa kuvandudza throughput. Pfupi vari kuwanda 50 FS, uye vakawanda chairwo - iri kuwanda 100 FS.

Pakati ytterbium uye erbium faibha, pane musiyano unokosha, kwavakazvidza kushanda nenzira dzakasiyana modes akapararira. Erbium-doped faibha emitting pa 1550 nm munzvimbo anomalous kupararira. Izvi zvinobvumira solitons. Itterbievye fibers vari zvakanaka kana kuipa akapararira; somugumisiro, ivo chamutsa pulses vane Linear Frequency vachisiyanisa inzwi iziviswe. Somugumisiro Bragg nesefa nayo ungafanira tsonyera kurova kwemwoyo pakureba.

Pane nzira dzakawanda yokugadziridza faibha-Laser pulses, zvikurukuru nokuti picosecond ultrafast zvidzidzo. Photonic mechanical fibers inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu cores chaizvo duku yakasimba nonlinear zvinokonzerwa, akadai supercontinuum chizvarwa. Mukusiyana, photonic crystals kunogonawo kugadzirwa makuru kwazvo chete-rudzi chinoumba kuitira kudzivisa nonlinear migumisiro panguva pamatunhu masimba.

Usazviomesera photonic mechanical faibha makuru chinoumba kusikirwa mafomu rinoda yakakwirira simba. Mumwe nzira ndiyo vaikunga nemaune faibha kubvisa chero pasingadiwi kuti yepamusoro modes tichichengeta chinokosha transverse nzira. The asiri linearity pave harmonics; uye Tikabvisa kakawanda kubva Kumbofungatira, unogona kuumba mapfupi uye hwakareba wavelengths. Nonlinear Migumisiro kunogonawo kubereka kupomba compression, zvinoita kuti chitarisiko maitikiro mizinga.

The supercontinuum mabviro sezvo pfupi chaizvo pulses kubereka chinoramba chakarondedzera kuburikidza danho vachisiyanisa inzwi. Somuenzaniso, kubva kwokutanga 6 Pis pulses pa 1050 nm, izvo anosika ytterbium internet Laser chakarondedzera yakawanikwa iri zvinobva ultraviolet kupfuura 1600 nm. Chimwe kunobva vaIri pumped erbium-supercontinuum panobva ari wavelength pamusoro 1550 nm.

High simba

Indasitiri pari chikuru mutengi kuti faibha lasers. In yakakwirira kudiwa izvozvi anoitiswa simba sezvakarayirwa kilowatts anoshandiswa Automotive indasitiri. The motokari indasitiri riri vaitovavarira pagadzirwe mukuru-simba simbi motokari kusangana zvinodiwa mukurumari uye zviri nyore zvikuru mafuta upfumi. Kwakajairika muchina Ezvemutauro akaoma Somuenzaniso, nezvibhakera maburi kwakadai esimbi uye zvinopa coherent mwaranzi kuti nyore.

Kucheka simbi internet Laser, zvichienzaniswa nevamwe mhando quantum jenareta ane nhamba zvakanakira. Somuenzaniso, pedyo-michini waveband zvakanaka kunyura simbi. Beam anogona kudzikinurwa kuburikidza faibha, iyo rinobvumira robhoti kufamba nyore pfungwa kana kucheka kuchera.

Optical faibha anogutisa chikuru zvinodiwa kuti simba. Zvombo US Navy, akaedzwa muna 2014, rine 6-faibha 5.5-kilowatt lasers zvabatanidzwa mune rimwe danda uye zvichiratidza kuburikidza kusikwa Manyiminya hurongwa. 33 KW chikwata rakashandiswa kukunda imwe motokari unmanned zvemuchadenga. Kunyange danda haisi chete-rudzi, negadziriro iri mhindu, sezvo rinobvumira kuti pave internet Laser nemaoko avo kubva mureza, zvinhu nyore.

The soro simba chete-rudzi coherent manyuko chiedza IPG Photonics ndiyo 10 KW. The tenzi oscillator kunobereka watt pamusoro Manyiminya simba, iyo kusvitsa kuti gudzazwi Danho pumped pa 1018 nm nechiedza nezvimwe faibha lasers. The nyika yose ine pakukura sefiriji maviri.

Kushandiswa faibha lasers vari zvakare kuratidzirwa mukuru simba okurwadzisa uye nomoto. Somuenzaniso, ivo yakatsiva kuzvidzivirira Welding simbi papepa kugadzirisa dambudziko deformation mashoko. Power kuzvidzora uye dzimwe parameters rinobvumira chaiwo chaizvo nokuveza makakombama, kunyanya makona.

The simba kupfuura multimode internet Laser - nokuti achicheka simbi kubva chete mugadziri - kusvika 100 KW. The hurongwa hunobva ibatanidzo incoherent danda, saka hazvisi nakisa yepamusoro danda. nemishonga iyi inoita faibha lasers anokwezva kuti indasitiri.

kongiri Drilling

Multimode internet Laser goho of 4 KW anogona kushandiswa cheka uye kongiri kuchera. Nei izvozvo? Kana mainjiniya vari kuedza kubudirira zvizivikanwe nemichina nemishonga kuti huripo zvivako, kungwarira chaizvo chete kongiri. Kana kuiswa mairi, akadai simbi chisimbiso kwakajairika percussion kuchera kungaita zvaunokanganisa opedzisira chesamende, asi faibha lasers kucheka pasina neguyo.

Lasers aine Q-kushandisa faibha inoshandiswa muenzaniso Kunyora kana ari zvaAtemisi semiconductor Electronics. Vanewo kushandiswa Range Radhika: modules ndiwo kukura ruoko ane ziso-njodzi faibha lasers vane goho riri 4 KW, kakawanda 50 kHz uye kupomba ya 5-15 NS.

pamusoro kurapwa

Pane kufarira zvikuru diki faibha lasers kuti micro uye nanoprocessing. Kana dzichibvisa pamusoro layer kana kurova kwemwoyo nguva mupfupi 35 Pis, hapana spraying zvinhu. Kanoita paumbwe dimples nezvimwe zvisingadiwi zvaishandiswa. The pulses ari femtosecond hurumende kubudisa nonlinear nemigumisiro kuti havasi kunzwisisa wavelength uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza hakusi pakutsamwisana vachibvumira kushanda pasina nouchapupu kukuvara kana kunetesa akapoteredza munzvimbo. Uyezve, makomba anogona kubviswa rurefu kudzika kuti upamhi - somuenzaniso, nokukurumidza (mukati milliseconds shoma) Small mumwena 1 mm achishandisa Stainless simbi 800-FS pulses vane kakawanda 1 MHz.

Zvinogonekawo kuti vabereke pamusoro zvakaipa segirazi zvinhu, semuenzaniso, ziso kwevanhu. Kuti akatema kurova-rova pa ziso microsurgery, femtosecond pulses vysokoaperturnym zvakasimba pfungwa izvo pane imwe nguva pazasi pemvura ziso pasina kukonzera chero kukuvara pamusoro pemvura, asi ziso zvinhu achiparadza pamusoro inodzorwa kudzika. The anotsvedzerera pemvura cornea, izvo zvinokosha chiratidzo anoramba node. The kurova-rova anosiiwa pasi, anogona zvino kanyama kuti kubude pachena excimer Laser Anoumba gogorosi. Dzimwe nyaya dzacho dzokurapa dzinosanganisira Kuvhiya kudzika kupinda mu dermatology, uyewo nokushandisa mamwe Manyiminya coherence tomography.

femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond lasers zvesayenzi yaishandiswa fadza kuti Laser Kuparara Spectroscopy, fluorescence Spectroscopy ane rwepanyama chisarudzo, uye kungopa zvinhu tsvakurudzo. Mukuwedzera, vari kudiwa kuti pagadzirwe femtosecond Frequency muzinga hunodiwa metrology uye zvayo zvidzidzo. Mumwe chaiyo kushanda mu pfupi achava mabhomba nenguva yeko ari GPS satellites ane chizvarwa chitsva, iyo kuchawedzera Positioning kururama.

Single Frequency internet Laser rinoitwa ane spectral linewidth zvishoma pane 1 kHz. Izvi Mudziyo chaizvo duku nemwaranzi goho simba kubva 10 MW kusvika 1W. Anowana chikumbiro mumunda kukurukurirana, metrology (semuenzaniso, mu faibha gyroscopes) uye Spectroscopy.

Chii chakazoitika?

Kana mamwe tsvakurudzo zvikumbiro, achiri vazhinji vavo vari kudzidza. Somuenzaniso, uto engineering, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa dzimwe nzvimbo, randinogara mune tichibatanidza munhu faibha-Laser matanda kuwana yakakwirira bango uchishandisa coherent kana spectral mubatanidzwa. Somugumisiro, vakawanda simba kunoitwa mune rimwe-rudzi danda.

Kugadzirwa faibha lasers iri kukura nokukurumidza, kunyanya nokuti motokari indasitiri zvinodiwa. Uyewo, pane mumwe munhu wokutsiva vasiri fibrous faibha namano. Mukuwedzera Kazhinji kuvandudzwa mutengo uye mabasa, kune zvakawanda zvinobatsira femtosecond lasers uye supercontinuum Inopa. Fiber lasers kugara zvakawanda niches uye kuva kuchiunza kuvandudza zvimwe marudzi lasers.