Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich: Biography uye pikicha

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - muvambi rose youmambo remasayendisiti vakanga vasingagoni kufungidzira upenyu hwangu pasina zvenyeredzi. Wake mwanakomana, vazukuru, muzukuruchibvi nyeredzi vakazvitsaurira kuna kushumira nesayenzi. musayendisiti German uye Russian, muvambi nezvenyeredzi, nhengo St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, mutungamiriri Pulkovo Observatory, muvambi Russian Geographical Society rokutanga - akanga Vasiliy kwete chete Yakovlevich Struve.

kwakarongwa vitae

Muvambi yakakurumbira hwedzinza akaberekwa muna 1793 mu Altona - taundi duku German. baba vake aiva wesangano yomunharaunda jimunasiyamu. Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, vane mufananidzo uri ose bhuku nyeredzi, pakutanga aiva dzidzo yakasiyana zvachose. basa rake rokutanga raiva philology. musayendisiti Kurovedza ramangwana yakaitwa Tartu University, iyo yava kunzi Tartu. Zvisinei, ake kudana Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - muvambi imba youmambo pamusoro vanoongorora nyeredzi - inowanikwa sayenzi chaiwo.

Ndibate pasi philology nababa vake, jaya iri atova nemakore gumi rakagadzirirwa anyatsoziva kubvuma kuti dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Panguva iyoyo, mukoma wake akanga adzidziswa ari jimunasiyamu pamusoro Dorpat. Ndokusaka, uyewo kubva chido kudzivisa kuhondo kupinda Napoleon kwakaita hondo, rwakatanga muchiuto zviitiko, Struve akasarudza yunivhesiti iyi.

Future muongorori wenyeredzi chaizvo pakudzidza philology. Uyezve, akanyora voluminous yekutanga. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich nezvizhinji kwazvo kure nokuda hurukuro pamusoro Dr. Parrot panyaya "wefizikisi". Uye gare gare, musi zano neyokupedzisira, iye kunyudzwa pachake ari pakuongorora nyeredzi. Professor Guth - muzvinadzidzo yunivhesiti - kumutsigira zvizere yake yokutanga nhanho ari akatisiyira nesayenzi. Nechekare muna 1813 akatsigira chinyorwa chake Struve.

kutanga matanho

Inenge panguva iyoyowo, akatanga kudzidzisa panguva iyoyo iye akagadzwa nyanzvi yokuongorora payunivhesiti chete. Pasinei yokunyanyisa urombo uye kushomeka michina, Struve achiri vakakwanisa kushanda nokushingaira. Iye kunyange vakakwanisa kuita basa rinokosha zvikuru basa nokuda nguva kuti vasina kukodzera zvishandiso kuongorora declinations nyeredzi, akaedza kuita izvi dzaifanoiswa mudziyo kuverenga zvakanaka kudenga vamwe polar nyeredzi.

upenyu Personal

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, ane Biography kubva panguva ino vasingasiyani kubva nezvenyeredzi, akaroora muna 1815. sarudzo yake aigara Altona Emilia Vall. Naye akararama kusvikira 1834. Zvisinei, In muchato uyu vakaberekerwa vana gumi, vana vacho akafa pauduku.

Sezvo 1828 Struve akatora achengete womunun'una wake Theodore, vane muchengeti pakutanga mukoma wake Ludwig - purofesa yakaitwa paYunivhesiti Dorpat.

Pakafa Emilia, iye 1834. akaroora Johanna Bartels, uyo aiva mwanasikana masvomhu Bartels. Naye Struve akaberekerwa vana vatanhatu, uyo zvina chete vakapona baba vake.

At Tartu Observatory

Muna 1819 Struve akagadzwa wekambani yacho. Panguva iyoyowo, akava purofesa azere payunivhesiti. Over makumi maviri makore ruzivo sezvo mukuru Dorpat Observatory, Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve chakashongedzera kwayo pamusoro-notch uye kushoma chaizvo kuti nguva, mano uye zviridzwa. Kana pakupera 1824 akakwanisa kuwana chetyrnadtsatifutovym Fraunhofer refractor uye Ushneydera ane Nine padiki izvo, yakanakisisa uye kupfuura panguva, akazvipa imwe nyanzvi anoshanda usingatsananguriki nechido. Nokuti akatanga nguva aaishanda uye zvibereko basa chesayenzi, urwo rwakatora anopfuura gumi nemaviri. Kana yapfuura Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - nyanzvi naMwari - akatenda rokuwana uye kuyera nechakare kubva Herschel binary nyeredzi mugadziriro, ipapo nepaitengwa wakanaka pakuongorora maturusi kubva pakudzidza akatokuwana mumwe chiedza akakwanisa kuenda yakazvimirira kuongorora. Akatarira zvose nenyeredzi rechipfumbamwe kukura pakati North Pole uye madhigirii maviri rwezasi declination. Uyezve, kudzidza Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, ane Biography inoitwa semusayendisiti vakatanga chaiyo pamwe Dorpat Observatory, unogona panguva kuvhura zvivako zvitsva vanenge zviuru zvitatu, vakawanda vavo akatsunga chinzvimbo, vakadzidza trajectory inofamba uye anokosha zvivako.

Panovhurwa Pulkovo Observatory

Pakazosvika namapfumbamwe remakore, kuwedzera St. Petersburg sezvo kwomusha kwakaita kuti kudiwa vatange muchadenga Observatory, iri kunze kweguta. Takatanga kutsvaka nzvimbo yakakodzera pedyo woKumusoro guru. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Nokuti Observatory aida yakakwirira nzvimbo, asi kune rwamavirazuva rweguta atambanudza Gulf Finland, uye kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva, kure makumi makiromita, akatambanudza pamapani. Vakai kuchamhembe St. Petersburg haana musoro, sezvo kana ichi yose kumaodzanyemba kudenga - yakanga dusted riri pedo yokugara hombe - nzvimbo inokosha kuti pakuongorora.

Muna 1830, Mambo Nicholas ndakagamuchira mashoko akanyora Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Mairi, akarondedzera zvakadzama mabasa pamberi itsva uye zvakarurama huru zvenyeredzi Observatory, iyo aifanira kuvaka pedyo St. Petersburg. Nokukurumidza kwakasarudzwa kutanga kuvaka makumi maviri makiromita kumaodzanyemba kweguta - on Pulkovo Heights. Architectural basa kwakasarudzwa kuti ape anozivikanwa Russian akitekiti Briullov. Director uye musoro musangano basa iri nokuumba Observatory idzva ndakagadzwa Struve, uyo panguva iyoyo vakashanda Tartu University. Kutanga kubva 1833, akava kupfuura kushingaira ubatanidzwe kwacho. Pulkovo Observatory yakavhurwa August 1839. Uye Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich akava mukuru wayo wokutanga.

Muongorori wenyeredzi kubvira pazuva rokutanga vakaratidza kuva shasha murongi. Sezvo kuripisa ibwe rokutanga pakuvaka Observatory, kwakaitika musi June 3, 1835, asati Huro yaro 1839, Struve pachake akatarisira rakapotsa zvose rokuvaka.

Pane rakavambwa chakanakisisa uye kupfuura panguva pyatnadtsatidyuymovy refractor teresikopu. Kupfuma uye chatingatevedzera Pulkovo Observatory of akagadzawo midziyo anenge pakarepo pashure Huro yaro yakanga panzvimbo yokutanga munyika. Uye maererano zvakazosunungurwa kuziva musayendisiti akakurumbira American Newcomb, akava guta guru muchadenga chenyika.

Basa iri Pulkovo Observatory

Mumakore okutanga ivepo riri kuramba basa mukudzidza binary nyeredzi, rwakatanga St. George, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Zvavakawana kwakaitika munguva basa rake ari Pulkovo Observatory, vaiva pakati kukosha munhevedzano zvidzidzo mumunda nyeredzi. Kuona kure kusvikira nyeredzi - ichi nyaya anofarira uye kunetseka masayendisiti akawanda yakakurumbira nguva. Struve, vachitarisira kuratidza dzidziso parallax misha, akazaruka kunyange Copernicus akatanga kunyatsoongorora kuyera nzvimbo Vega. Akashanda pamusoro trajectory kuti nyeredzi iyi inopenya kusvikira 1840. Uye kunyange zvazvo mumwe kure navo Vega ipapo masayendisiti ave kugadziriswa pachishandiswa kunyatsoenderana kuyerwa, zvisinei, basa iri Struve aiva mumwe yokutanga munhoroondo yokuongorora kubudirira mabasa kupfurikidza Pakusarudza daro imwe nyeredzi. Zviri pamusoro tichishandisa ichi pashure pane imwe basa akakura akasikwa. Rakaratidza kuti nyeredzi suns kure chaizvo, chiedza mwaranzi iyo propagates ari kumhanya 300,000 km / s, kusvika Pasi vemakumi uye kunyange mazana emakore.

madokero

Zvibereko basa V. Ya. Struve akaramba kusvikira 1858. Asi kana chirwere chakakomba, squinting ake, kubudiswa chiito, ari Observatory akatora pamusoro utungamiriri mwanakomana wake - musayendisiti matarenda Otto Struve. Vasily Yakovlevich - muvambi imba youmambo pakati vanoongorora nyeredzi - akafa muna 1864. Zvinofadza, asi yakanga zvegore, Pulkovo Observatory vaichengeta ayo maviri namashanu gore.

kuwanikidza

Mumunda nyeredzi, V. Ya. Struve akaratidza wevasungwa wamazvirokwazvo nyeredzi dziri nechepakati zvikamu Galaxy. Vaakaruramisawo mhedziso kuti pane kukosha yomuchadenga Absorção de Água wechiedza. Kunokosha nokuda akatisiyira nezvenyeredzi ane basa rake rakanzi "Studies ose akatisiyira yezvenyeredzi." Izvi ndipo Struve yakavakirwa kubvuma kwayo kuti pane chokwadi kuti Absorção de Água chiedza muna yomuchadenga nzvimbo uye kuwedzera nhamba yenyeredzi por chikwata vhoriyamu sezvo vachiswedera kuzvinhu hweGwara Way.

Masayendisiti kudzidza nyeredzi binary, aigona inosvika zvakawanda kwemabhuku maviri mukaka zvinhu uye yakabudiswa navo, ukuwo, muna 1827 uye 1852 azvaitwa. Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, vane mabasa vanoonekwa kuti inokosha mumunda ichi yezvenyeredzi, kokutanga munyika akakwanisa kuyera daro Vega mu renyeredzi Lyra. nyeredzi ichi - wechitatu yakajeka mudenga pashure Sirius uye Arcturus usiku, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa Russia uye pedyo kwenyika. Uye renyeredzi Ophiuchus Struve yakawanikwa yemapuraneti nebula. Achitungamirirwa Vasily Yakovlevich uye pachivakwa K. Tenner zvakanga zvaitwa dhigirii nechiyero Meridian arc kumahombekombe kweArctic Ocean kusvika pamuromo Danube River. asi zvinokosha zvakashandiswa vakawana kuti zvakarurama kuona chimiro uye kukura enyika.

vateveri

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, ane imba iri kwete chete nyanzvi, asiwo kubva paruzhinji uye enyika nemifananidzo, ndiye muvambi wesangano yose bhizimisi akatisiyira nesayenzi. basa rake rakanga rakaramba nomwanakomana wake Otto, vazukuru vaviri - uye Hermann Ludwig, uyewo muzukuru chibvi - imwe astrophysicist. The Struve akare kunewo chinozivikanwa kemisiti, Wenyika, orientalist uye academician of Academy of Sciences of Soviet Union.

ndangariro

Nyora musayendisiti akakurumbira asingarambi isingakanganikwi. Muna 1913 kadiki pa nhamba 768, yakawanikwa ne Russian zvomuchadenga Neuimin, Struveanoy ainzi vachikudza yemhuri youmambo kuti vanoongorora nyeredzi Struve.

Pakuyeuka musayendisiti mukuru muna 1954 uye akasunungurwa chitambi chetsamba. Zvakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna Pulkovo Observatory. Kunoratidza mufananidzo V. Ya. Struve uye vaviri vakakurumbira nyanzvi Russian. Pamusoro Centenary rufu Vasily Yakovlevich, muna 1964, zvakanga akasunungurwa rimwezve chidhindo of USSR. asian yake varipowo vari analogues vakazvitsaurira chinhu chakakombama, ainzi pashure nyanzvi huru. inoratidza aya wakabudiswa Lithuania (2009), Latvia, Estonia uye Sweden (2011). Mukuwedzera, muna 1964 International Astronomical Union mwena iri zvinoonekwa divi Moon, ainzi V. Ya. Struve.

Catalogs

Struve, zvakarurama vaiona muvambi yose bazi nezvenyeredzi, muna 1827 pamusana kuona zvinhu anopfuura zana namakumi maviri nezviviri zvomuchadenga zvakabudisa katarogu, raisanganisira vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu kaviri uye vakawanda nyeredzi. Vazhinji vavo - muna 2343 nyika - kunge zvawanikwa nemasayendisiti. The 1837th rakabudiswa basa rake dzakakurumbira. In "micrometric kuyerwa nyeredzi miviri" isu vakapiwa migumisiro vanopfuura zviuru gumi Masvomhu akaita Vasiliem Struve kwemakore gumi achibatsirwa ari Dorpat refractor. Vose chokuudzwa, rakabudiswa nemasayendisiti, vakanga paakavapa ari menduru of Royal Astronomical Society of London.

Muna 1852 zvakanzi zvakabudisa basa rakanzi "pakati nzvimbo", vaiva migumisiro refu zvaanorumbidza enyeredzi anenge zviuru zvitatu. Mabasa, izvo yakatakurwa Struve uye ake vabatsiri pana Tartu Observatory kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi maviri gare gare pane kamwe kushandiswa akatisiyira zvenyeredzi.

kubudirira

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, pfupi Biography iyo inoratidza aro akakura basa nezvenyeredzi, akaitawo mupiro mukuru kukura sayenzi akadai geodesy. Munguva kubva 1822 kusvika 1827 pasi poutungamiriri hwake, nokuyerwa iri Meridian riemukaari pakureba akatakurwa Hogland Island, iri muGulf of Finland, kuguta Yakobshtadta. Muna 1828 nayo sopryagli pamwe analogue, dzaona kurutivi rwezasi-kumadokero kwenyika. Zvadaro, nezviyero izvi mberi kubva kumusoro kusvika zasi. Somugumisiro, rose kureba chinhu chakakombama akayera yakanga kugadziridzwa kuti kukosha 25 ° 20 '. Rakanzi Russian-Air. Zvisinei, vanamazvikokota vanoziva wake zvakawanda sezvo Struve Geodetic Arc.

musoro wenyaya

Vasily Yakovlevich aiva honorary nhengo kusvika kumayunivhesiti zvose munyika yedu, uyewo vazhinji vatorwa nesayenzi nzanga uye zvikoro nesayenzi. Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe remakore Struve muchirongwa pakusikwa Lisbon Observatory. Zvinonzi pari muridzi ne City University, asi akataurwa hapasisina inoitwa. It akasikwa ave Observatory nemufananidzo Russia - Pulkovo - iyo yainzi panguva imwe muchadenga guta wenyika. Senior consultant ari mudziyo kusarudzwa nyaya yaiva nomukurumbira Russian zvomuchadenga Struve.