History of incandescent mwenje. Pakatangira kusikwa ane incandescent rambi

It zvinowanzoitika kuti kushandiswa mumba mudziyo, izvo zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti rose revanhu, hapana rinotiyeuchidza musiki kwayo. Asi mudzimba dzedu chiedza girobhu racho dzakavhenekera nokuedza vanhu. munorumbidzirweiko kwavo kunokosha kuti vanhu - dzimba dzedu uzere nechiedza uye kudziya. History of incandescent mwenje inopiwa pazasi achasuma kuti kuvamba ichi chikuru, uye mazita avo nayo inobatanidzwa.

Achitaura vapedzisira, tinogona kutaura mazita maviri - Alexander Lodygina uye Thomas Edison. Kunyange zvazvo kukosha musayendisiti wokuRussia akanga ari mukuru kwazvo, muchindwi ndowenyika American muvambi. Naizvozvo, isu anozotsanangura nepaduku kuti Lodygin uye akarondedzera nokubudirira Edison. Rinobatanidzwa mazita avo kare incandescent mwenje. Vanoti kuti nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa magetsi girobhu racho Edison akatora nguva yakawanda. Aifanira vanopedza anenge 2 zviuru kuedza chiedza asati azviratidza yaizivikanwa kwatiri kuvaka zvose.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Aleksandrom Lodyginym

History of incandescent mwenje zvakafanana zvikuru nyaya nevamwe zvigadzirwa ravakwa Russia. Alexander Lodygin, musayendisiti Russian, akakwanisa kuwana kabhoni tsvimbo chomwedzi mugirazi chirongo, apo akanga abviswa. Nhoroondo incandescent rambi inotanga muna 1872, apo iye akakwanisa kuzviita. Alexander akatambira mvumo kuti wemagetsi incandescent rambi marasha muna 1874. Papera chinguva, iye zvinganaka kutsiva tungsten kabhoni netsvimbo. Tungsten umboo uye zvino kushandiswa incandescent mwenje.

Kukosha Thomas Edison

Zvisinei, zvakanga Thomas Edison, American muvambi, akakwanisa kusika munhu Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka, yakavimbika uye rweruzhinji womuenzaniso muna 1878. Uyezve, akakwanisa kuchinja kugadzirwa kwayo. In ake filament yokutanga sezvo filament yakanga rakaitwa marasha chip kubva Japanese bambu. Tungsten filaments, avanoziva kwatiri, kuti akazviratidza zvikuru paya. Vakanga kushandiswa kutanga pamusoro Lodygina, ichangobva kutaurwa Russian injiniya. Pasina iye, ndiani anoziva kungadai nhoroondo incandescent chiedza Mabumba mamwe makore.

American Pfungwa Edison

The American Pfungwa iri yakasiyana chaizvo Russian. The US mugari Thomas Edison kana zvose vakaenda. Zvinofadza kuti, kufunga sei kuti akasimba tickertape, musayendisiti iyi yakaitwa wakisi mapepa. Ipapo bepa rinoshandiswa senzira wrapper zvinotapira. Seven emakore nhoroondo Western asati nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Edison, uye kwete zvikuru kukura unyanzvi pfungwa, sei vanhu vakawanda zvishoma nezvishoma akavaka chinoshingaira mafungiro kuupenyu. Masayendisiti akawanda matarenda vachiomesa musoro akaenda kuvamba ichi. Kwakatangira incandescent mwenje chokuita zvikurukuru pamwe nezita Faraday. Akasika mabasa inokosha pamusoro wefizikisi, pasina kutsigira iyo asiri kuva noitika chakatangwa Edison.

Other zvigadzirwa Edison

Thomas Edison akaberekwa muna 1847 muna Port Huron, rimwe American taundi duku. The vaizviita Thomas zvange kuti muduku muvambi aiva nemano pakarepo kuwana vanoita kuti pfungwa dzavo, kunyange ushingiwo. Uye vakanga vachida pangozi yakawanda. Somuenzaniso, sezvo kuyaruka, Edison akasarudza kubudisa pepanhau muchitima apo kufamba, uye ipapo kutengesa kuti vanhu. Uye nhau kuti pepanhau vanofanira kuunganidza zvakananga pamusoro kwamira. Pakarepo paiva vanhu vakanga chikwereti mari kutenga duku wokudhinda, uyewo avo kuti kubvumira Edison muna mukwende motokari pamwe muchina uyu.

Zvakagadzirwa Tomasa Edisona vaiumba kana nemasayendisiti uye-chigadzirwa vakanga kuitwa zvakawanwa dzavo kana tsika nani chinhu nako vaifanira kushanda. Zvakatora Edison kuumba munhu yoga basa. Aiva yakawanda pfungwa, uye akapotsa mumwe wavo anoita utachiona nokuda zvinotevera, izvo zvaida pakuzadzisa. Thomas kwoupenyu hwake refu haana hanya ake pachake nyaradzo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti paakashanyira Europe, atova ayo ichatonga zvine mbiri, rakanga mwoyo usimbe uye vanotanga dapper European.

Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana nzvimbo umo Thomas angadai akaita budiriro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyanzvi uyu anenge 40 zvakawanwa makuru ose gore. A dzinokwana 1092 Edison akawana bvumidzwa.

Mweya American capitalism akasundudzira kukwira Tomasa Edisona. Akakwanisa kuti uwane aine makore 22 okuberekwa vakwira pamwe zvakadzokororwa "richitevedzera nezita restock risinganyanyozivikanwa" nokuti Boston Stock Exchange. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha chakatangwa Edison chaiwo kusikwa ane incandescent rambi. Thomas akakwanisa kushandisa kuti magetsi yose America, uye ipapo yose.

Kuvakwa simba chirimwa uye wokutanga magetsi vatengi

History of rambi rinotanga kuvaka duku simba chirimwa. The musayendisiti aakavaka nawo wake Menlo Park. Iye aifanira kushumira zvinodiwa mumarabhoritari ake. Zvisinei, simba ikabereka yakanga kupfuura zvaaifanira. Zvadaro, Edison akatanga kutengesa zvakawandisa kuvavakidzani varimi. Kunenge kuti vanhu ava vanoziva kuti vava kutanga inobhadharwa nevatengi kuti magetsi munyika. Edison asingambodi kuva entrepreneur, asi kana aida basa rake nechinhu, akavhura duku kugadzirwa mu Menlo Park, gare gare kukura kuva huru hukuru uye iyo vakaenda ayo nzira pachavo okukura.

Nhoroondo mudziyo incandescent rambi

Electric rambi girobhu racho ndiro chiedza tsime, sezvamakaropafadzwa kutendeuka zvemagetsi simba kupinda chiedza chiri nokuda incandescent refractory kondakita electrocution. Light simba yakatanga kuwana munzira iyi kupfuura munhu kuitika kuburikidza kabhoni netsvimbo. tsvimbo iyi yakaiswa mugaba iyo mhepo rave kare anobviswa. Thomas Edison muna 1879 akasika munhu kana kusatonzwa rakasimba kuvakwa uchishandisa kabhoni filament. Zvisinei, pane kumbonyanya kare panowanikwa ane incandescent mwenje ano chimiro. Sezvo sokupenya muviri muna 1898-1908 gg. Takaedza kushandisa nesimbi dzakasiyana (tantalum, tungsten, osmium). Tungsten filament, vanodzedzereka, vakatanga kushandisa muna 1909. Incandescent mwenje makatanga zadza muna 1912-13. inert magasi (argon uye krypton) uye senitrogen. Panguva iyoyo takatanga kuita tungsten filament ari zononoka.

Nhoroondo kukura ane incandescent rambi rakawedzera kuvandudzika wayo nokuvandudza luminous kunyatsoshanda. Izvi zvakaitwa kuwedzera tembiricha yacho kudziyisa muviri. Lamp upenyu hwaponeswa. Kuzadza pamwe inert magasi, pamwe kuwedzera mukuru samolecular halogen zvakakonzera zvinoderedza swa tudonhwe tungsten girobhu racho, mumwe sputtering mairi. Uyezve, zvave kwakaderedza ayo mwero kwemvura. Pokushandisa hita muviri miviri akamonyoroka uye trispirali kwakaguma rutapudzo nokupisa Nokurasikirwa kuburikidza gasi.

Ndiyo nyaya nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa incandescent mwenje. Nokuti chokwadi uchava kufarira kuziva, uye kuti anomiririra zvakasiyana-siyana dzomutauro ayo.

Modern akasiyana Mabumba

mhando dzakawanda dzemagetsi mwenje inoumbwa zvimwe zvikamu chete mhando. Ivo dzinosiyana munzvimbo chimiro uye kukura. On simbi kana girazi chiutsi chubhu ndee mukati girobhu racho incandescent muviri (i.e., wakaita tungsten zononoka) Via yokuisira dzakagadzirwa molybdenum waya. Pakazopera mazano zvakabatanidzwa zononoka kumugumo. Kuti vagadzire Vacuum-zvakasimba kubatana reza zvakagadzirwa negirazi, pakati chikamu bushings akagadzirwa molybdenum kana platinita. Lamp girobhu racho panguva Vacuum kurapwa izere inert gasi. Tubulation ari ipapo chisimbiso uye kamwene aumbwa. Mwenje kugadzira ari Chuck, uye kudzivirirwa muromo inopiwa ane chivharo. It kwakunoitwa tsokolevochnoy mastic chinu.

Kutarisika marambi

Nhasi kune mhando rambi filament, izvo zvinogona kuparadzaniswa nokushandisa (nokuti motokari headlights, mukuru chinangwa and said.), On Manyiminya ehupfumi pakati girobhu racho kana dzinovaka chimiro (naka, girazi, unoparadzira unhani, etc.), uyewo chimiro, ine filament muviri (kune bispiral, flat zononoka and said.). Kana size, emit guru, zvakajairika, diki, vakasiyana uye subminiature. Somuenzaniso, yokupedzisira kunosanganisira rambi ane kureba asingasviki 10 neMM, iro dhayamita asingasvavi kupfuudza 6 mm. Achitaura guru kukura, vanopinda imwe kureba zvakadaro pamusoro 175 neMM, uye dhayamita - 80 mm.

Lamp simba uye mukurumari

Modern incandescent mwenje inogona kushanda panguva voltage kuti chikwata zvikamu zviduku yakawanda zana volts. simba ravo zvinogona kwakafanana makumi kilowatts. Kana voltage ichiwedzerwa 1%, kubva luminous nekubudisa kuwedzera 4%. Zvisinei, upenyu basa achapiwa kuderedzwa 15%. Kana iwe batidza mwenje kwenguva pfupi nguva imwe voltage rinopfuura 15% chezita, zvicharangarirwa chirema. Ndokusaka kazhinji kukonzera voltage anodonhedza nomukondombera Mabumba. Kubva maawa mashanu kusvika chiuru kana kupfuura dzinosiyana hwavo hwose. Somuenzaniso, kwenguva pfupi nguva yavose sezvavakatarirwa Farnham zviedza ndege uye motokari anogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba. Mukupera zvakadaro, vanofanira kuiswa munzvimbo kuti zvinopa nyore kutsiviwa. Nhasi luminous efficacy mwenje kunobva voltage design, ya combustion uye simba. Zviri pamusoro 10-35 CM / W.

Incandescent nhasi

Incandescent mwenje kuti chiedza chawo goho Chokwadi, kurasikirwa chiedza zvinyorwa uchishanda gasi (fluorescent rambi). Kunyange zvakadaro, vari nyore kushanda. Nokuti incandescent mwenje regai zvinoda Fittings yakaoma kana ude. Power uye voltage uko zvachose pasina kurambidzwa. Munyika yanhasi, nerimwe gore unobereka anenge mabhiriyoni 10 chiedza Mabumba. A nhamba kwazvakaita kukasapfuura 2000.

akatungamirira Mabumba

Nhoroondo Nezvekwakabva rambi ratova zvakanyorwa, asi nhoroondo kukura kuvamba ichi haisati yapera. Kune marudzi akasiyana itsva dziri kuramba dzakakurumbira. Tiri kutaura nezvekuparadzwa akatungamirira marambi (mumwe wavo unoratidzwa mufananidzo pamusoro). Vari aizivikanwawo simba-okuponesa. mwenje izvi vane chiedza goho zvinopfuura anopfuura 10 nguva chiedza goho pamusoro Mabumba. Zvisinei, vane drawback - simba nerubatsiro inofanira kuva pasi voltage.