Semyon Proud - mwanakomana Grand Prince Ivan Kalita. Brief Biography, panguva yaitonga

Semyon Proud aiva mwanakomana mukuru ari Grand Prince of Moscow uye Vladimir Ivana Danilovicha Kality. Panguva yokutonga kwake kwaiva danho rinokosha kuwedzera guru uye nokusimbaradza zviremera Grand. Panguva iyo mutungamiriri akapinda dzinopesana Novgorod uye Lithuania, izvo kuoma noukama ayo vamwe vatongi appanage. Zvisinei, vakawanda kare vanoziva kuti wakaita Mugove pasi hama duku dzavo uye dzakapoteredza.

makore okutanga

Proud Simon akaberekerwa muna 1317. Masayendisiti gakava chaiwo zuva rekuzvarwa kwake, imwe pfungwa 7 September - mutambo nezuva St. Sozont. Zvakatora zita muchinda panguva tonsure asati afa. Information about hwake hwakaramba chaizvo duku. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mai vake ndiye mudzimai wokutanga Ivana Kality Princess Elena. By yezvakaita mutongi ramangwana mushandirapamwe yakanga kupfuura baba vake, uye sekuru vake, Yuri Danilovich, akanga akashinga, kushinga uye kazhinji pangozi. Semyon Dada anawo yepamusoro uye aizivikanwa remadunhu-. Uye kana baba vake aiva zvepachivande, nemanomano, yakachenjera, ipapo mutsivi wake, kuita asina kufunga uye kunyange zvinoshamisa.

voknyazheniya

Ivan Danilovich, akafa muna 1340. Maererano zvaanoda, akasiya zvakawanda mwanakomana mukuru nhaka. Asi nokuda kwomuchinda chipepa tiwane yokudimbudzira kuna Horde Khan. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nyore sezvo vamwe vatongi akawanda ukuru, akaedza nzira dzose kuwana gwaro pamusoro Suzdal mutongi Konstantin Vasilyevich. Chokwadi chokuti Ivan Danilovich akakunda simba rake ukuru zhinji, akatenga munda, vakakwezvwa vake divi boyars, uye vanhuwo zvavo. Saka zvino machinda mazhinji vaida kubvisa hurumende Moscow. Zvisinei, Semyon Proud achiri achiwana Chikwata kunonyanya kukonzerwa chokuti baba vake muupenyu hwake akasuma vanakomana vake Khan, wakati kubudirira nzvimbo yake. Mukuwedzera, mutongi mutsva akanga akapfuma uye akapa Khan vapfumi zvipo kuti pave nokubudirira kwayo.

The chibvumirano nehama

Kuva Chikwata pamusoro Vladimir hugota, mutongi wokutanga chinhu chainge chabva mudiki akaisa vatongi simba ravo. Semyon Proud, panguva vane yokutonga - 1340-1353, panguva chaipo voknyazheniya ake yakabonderana bongozozo guru, vakarondedzera kuti boyar mapoka kupikiswa. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti mumwe wehama dzake yave chokuita ichi kuoma dzakawanda enyika hondo. Kuti kudzikamisa zvinhu, muchinda akagumisa Andrei uye Ivan chibvumirano Ivanovich, iyo hwaponeswa nhasi muchimiro kuremara. It mativi wakanyengwa kuramba kuvimbika uye indivisibility vavo pfuma uye kuita pamwe chete kuzorwa zvakafanana vavengi. Vanakomana Ivan Kalita yakaiswa, saka mukuru mutsetse enyika mufambiro. Achiratidza kuti nevanun'una vakaziva ukuru mutongi mutsva uye akamupa mamwe machinda upfumi iri kuziva chinzvimbo chake.

Relations pamwe kuchamhembe muvakidzani wayo

Moscow, Novgorod kunoramba vaipikisa mumwe. Wekutanga akaedza kusimbisa munzvimbo iyi nzvimbo yayo, wechipiri - pamusoro zvinopesana, kuramba simba rayo munzvimbo yakakura Northern Territory. Ivan Kalita munguva yokutonga kwake iri kazhinji akabvunza kubva mari guta kubhadhara mutero kuna Khan. Pane maonero kuti kubvunza vagari vayo kupfuura zvakanga chakagamuchirwa kuti kugara kwakatungamirira mukurwisana. Prince of Moscow mauto dzatora anoverengeka ndima pasi zvokuvhoterwa. Nokuti kuuya kurwisana Prince dzakasaina chibvumirano namambo Lithuanian, kuroorana mwanakomana wake mwanasikana wake. Simeon of Moscow akaramba yababa vake itsika. Paakanga ari Horde, Novgorod kare pamwe vawanezve yakarasika pasi. Zvisinei, gavhuna Moscow akatora Torzhok uye akaisa kuna nemutevedzeri wake. Kwapera nguva, pavanotaurirana yakatanga zvakare, asi tichibatsirwa ari Metropolitan pakati Novgorod, chibvumirano chakaitwa. The mutongi zvakazivikanwa sezvo musoro guta, uye Moscow, Novgorod kwenguva kuyananiswa.

Tanga kukakavadzana Lithuania

Kashoma kuvandudza ukama kuchamhembe zvokuvhoterwa, Simon akatarisana nedambudziko idzva, nguva ino - pamwe yaichimbova mutsigiri Western. Lithuanian Duke Algirdas aida chaizvo kuwedzera simba guru uye akatora matanho ichikanganisa nawo. Pakutanga, akaronga mushandirapamwe Mozhaisk, asi vakakoniwa kubudirira. Nokuti iye, kukundikana chokutanga ichi chaiva zvose zvikuru anotambudzika kuti mupikisi yake ichiwedzerwa pashure kutora Torzhok vairipa mutero kwaari chitsama 1,000 rubles - wemuno nokuti nguva. Grand Duke Vladimir kudzidza pamusoro zviito mutongi Lithuanian, vakasarudza kuzeza uye kuna Khan vakatuma nhume chokunyunyuta pamusoro kuparadzwa kwavo nyika Russian. Akamira kudivi Moscow Seeds, Algirdas kuti vakayanana naye.

muchato rechitatu

Zvikuru mune mutemo kuMoscow namachinda airidza ukama hwemhuri. Kuti usimbise nzvimbo yayo Simon akaroora mwanasikana gavhuna Tver. zita romukadzi wake rakanga Maria Alexandrovna. Akanga mudzimai wake wechitatu. muchato uyu panguva achiyananisa maviri anorwisana mapati. Muchindakadzi apedzera wake muduku kwemakore muPskov kubva chokwadi kuti baba mushure kudzvinyirira zviri yemuna muguta akamanikidzwa kuvanda kuchamhembe. Pashure kupondwa muchinda Tver mune mwero Khan musikana nemhuri yake aiva mukoma-paruvanze. Pakafa wokupedzisira Semyon akaita bhidha nokuda womunun'una wake, uyo aiva kubatsirwa Chikwata pamusoro Tver hugota uye rakanga pasi pokudzora Moscow. The mubatanidzwa mutsva rakange rakanamwa maererano muchato. Maria A. akaroora mbeu, uye nokudaro, kuti daka pakati poushe panguva yakanga akarembedzwa. In muchato uyu akanga vana, uyo gare gare vakafa nedenda.

dynastic zvematongerwo enyika

Semyon, sezvakaita baba vake, vakazvipira kuteerera zvikuru kumichato. Muna 1350 akarega muchinda Lithuanian Olgerd kuroorwa hanzvadzi yake mukadzi Zhenechka. Saka, aimbova vavengi vava mu-mitemo anogona kunzi chikuru yokumwe mitemo kubudirira. Uyezve, akaroora mwanasikana wake Prince Kashin, zvakasimbisa nzvimbo yaro uye simba iri Tver hugota. ukama kwakadaro vakazoroorwa akasarudza kuti kunangiswa mauto ari Moscow-Tver hondo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi14.

Rufu uye Testamende

Muna 1353 munyika Russian dambudziko. Akauya kuna nechepakati nyika kubva kuchamhembe kusvika muPskov. Kubva ichi chirwere chakaipisisa akafa vanakomana mutongi, uye gare gare iye. Asati afa, akanga tonsured pamwe zita Sozont. Muchinda akasiya okupedzisira uye resungano, inova yakasiyana chaizvo kubva tsamba uye tsamba vateveri vake nababa vake.

Izvi zvinodiwa, akasiya nhaka yake wake, iyo kumbobvira zvaitika asati kana pashure. Zvisinei, izvozvo kuti imhaka yakaoma ezvinhu mumhuri. Sezvo mbeu akanga asina venhaka, haana kusarudza. Zvisinei, pane uchapupu hwokuti panguva Grand Duchess ava nepamuviri, uye akaiita akaronga kuenda ake kwomuchinda chinzvimbo uye nenyika. Chimwe musiyano unokosha pakati panobva mamwe mabhii - ndiwo murayiro pamusoro mutongi kurarama murugare uye kuteerera vanaBaba veChechi, uye boyars. Anoudza hama dzake kuti kuita kuda kwake, achirangarira mashoko chibvumirano navo, uye anorayiridzawo muchindakadzi boyars. Nokuti gwaro kudhindwa priveshen matatu, rimwe rine mashoko "Grand Muchinda All Russia." dzakaitika All kuteerera rokupedzisira chokwadi sezvo chokwadi inoratidza mutongi Moscow vanoti ukuru pamusoro dzose Russian. Pashure pokufa kwake akava mutongi rinotevera-dangwe mukoma Ivan, uyo akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa Red. Grand Duke Akatora Princess chikuru chikamu weutungamiriri pakati Holdings, nokudaro kamwe zvakare kusimbisa mamiriro mutongi mukuru. danho iri raivawo zvikuru enyika kukosha. Maria Alexandrovna pakati Tver sezvo muchindakadzi, aigona kuisa vanoti chikamu nyika, kuti mamiriro tinyanye nebope pakati maviri makuru nzvimbo Russia yakanga nengozi chaizvo kuti kubatana patrimony Kalitovichey.

bhodhi ukoshi

Semyon Ivanovich makore ushe yaiva nguva mamwe Kusimbaradza uye kuwedzera Moscow. Akaramba vake baba wokuti uye akabudirira pasi vatongi chaiwo kuburikidza rutsigiro rwemauto uye dynastic michato. Relations pamwe Horde Panguva iyi zvose zvaiva zvakafanana: kufanana nababa vake, mutongi mutsva akashanyira Khan mwero uye kushandisa akapfuma mutero uye pfumbamuromo kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo. Zvisinei, zviri kana Muscovy akasiya pasina mudyi wenhaka. Sezvineiwo, takapona hama dzake mbiri, mumwe uyo akava mutongi mutsva repamusoro. Semyon Proud, pfupi Biography kuti ndiyo nyaya pakudzokorora uku, akarangarira venguva yake yakati poromoka mitemo. Vatongi vakawanda chaizvo vaiva vasingagutsikani naye sezvo akabvunza vakakwana kuzviisa pasi pechiremera chake. Akanga pavhu ichi sokunge voknyazheniya Khan akarayira vose vanomuteerera. Kufarira muchinda uyu akachengetedzwa vemazuva munhoroondo nesayenzi. Masayendisiti Most dziri kuteerera pakurwisana boyars muguta guru pakutanga kwake, uyewo Moscow-Lithuanian pabonde.