Kusunungurwa Königsberg kubva nevaNazi muHondo Yenyika II: musi vechikamu. Vachirwira kusunungurwa Königsberg, mumwe nechemberi? Menduru nokuti kusunungurwa Königsberg

Kusunungurwa kubva vaNazi Königsberg aiva kubudirira akavhiyiwa huru inoitiswa Red Army iri nharaunda kuva Germany zvakananga. Kubva ahwo wainyanya zvose remangwana zvakaitwa nevatsigiri hwokupedzisira chinosunungura Europe kubva Nazism. Naizvozvo, kusunungurwa Königsberg hwaikosha zvikuru ari ngetani kufora kukunda hondo. Uye chokufananidzira ndiyo pfungwa kuti guta nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, nguva pfupi pashure pokuwa hurumende yevaNazi, akanga wakazopinzwa Soviet Union.

A Nhoroondo pfupi East Prussia

Earth East Prussia, kamwe nhengo yorudzi kuBaltic Prussians, sezvo XII remakore vakanga pasi rinoita Colonisation German muchiuto. Zvino paiva mamiriro ari Teutonic Revashumiri Knights, anenge zvachose kunyatsodzurwa, uye wakafananidzwa vomunzvimbo uye kukanganisa Poland, Lithuania uye Russia.

The guta pacharo Königsberg, yaimbonzi Tvangste, akawana zita rayo muna 1255 mune kukudzwa Czech King Premysl Ottokar II.

Muzana XV remakore, wokupedzisira Tenzi mhuri Hohenzollern pamusoro idzi enyika Duchy pamusoro Prussia, iyo zvino yakanga yakabatanidzwa pachavo pamwe nevanovhota muBrandenburg rakaumbwa. mamiriro ichi wakanzi umambo Prussia, uye pasitendi zvakananga nokuda Teutonic Knights, neguta rayo guru muna Königsberg, East Prussia pakuzivikanwa.

Gare gare, kundima aya zvakabatana muna dzinotevedzana muna German Empire, kuti neWeimar Republic uye Third Reich.

Kurwa Soviet-German mberi

Muna 1944, mauto eNazi mune hondo dzinotyisa pakupedzisira anodzingwa kubva mundima USSR. Kusunungurwa kunyika okumabvazuva uye nechepakati Europe kubva nevaNazi. Mauto eSoviet zvaaiswedera zvakananga kundima German, kunyanya kuna East Prussia.

January 13, 1945 East Prussian kushanda kwakatangwa ne mauto eSoviet. It kuitawo kuti 2nd Belarus mberi pasi Marshal Rokossovskogo 3rd Belarus Front pasi General Chernyakhovskogo kutanga uye Marshala Vasilevskogo, uye 1st Baltic mberi inotungamirwa General Bagramyan. Zvinoitwa pasi mauto kubva gungwa rakafukidza reBaltic rengarava pasi murayiro General Tributs. Uwandu mudonzvo wemauto munharaunda iyi kwazvo vanhu mamiriyoni 1,6.

Mauto eSoviet paakasangana Army Group "Center" uye "North" vachitungamirirwa ukuwo, Colonel-General Reinhardt uye L. Rendulic. Ivo Chaiva zvuru 580. Persons pemudonzvo.

Munguva anobudirira tsamwisa of Red Army wakaitwa mutsindo budiriro, rwaigara anoverengeka inokosha pfungwa uye maguta. Asi kiyi yose East Prussia akaramba haripindiki Königsberg.

Saka mberi Great Patriotic War. Kusunungurwa Königsberg aizova mumwe kiyi nzendo dzake.

Kugadzirira kwokudzivirira vokuGermany

Mangoti zvakava pachena kuti nokukurumidza vanotanga vachirwira kusunungurwa Königsberg, yokuGermany High Command akarayira kusimbisa nenzvimbo uye napamberi husingakuvadzi haripindiki guta. Takatanga kuvaka kwezvinovharidzira.

Unobereka amplification zvakasikwa masvingo veguta, iine zvindori matatu, yakavakwa akasiyana munhoroondo nguva. Uyezve, Königsberg ane zvokunze kuzvidzivirira mhete uye rakavakirwa munhare.

Zvakanzi zvekare basa rokudzorera anotevera panyatwa iyo, nokuda kubhomba kuBritain avhiyesheni raiva Königsberg (1944). Kusunungurwa guta akavimbisa kuti zvakaoma chaizvo.

Mauto vemapato

Kusunungurwa kubva vaNazi Königsberg chakaitwa kuti abudirire kushanda kunze pasi murayiro Marshal Vasilevsky zvichibvira kuvonga. Naiyewo akanga pasi yeimwe, rinotungamirirwa General Bagramyan. Kufukidza denga akarayira Air Chief Marshal novikov. Hazvina kuita kwavo nepavanogona hwokuchengetedza nokubudiswa Königsberg. Chii mhosva pamberi oparesheni ichi? Most zvikuru munyaya yaiva wechitatu Belarusian, iyo yaisanganisira 1st reBaltic.

Uwandu mauto eSoviet akanga akatora rutivi mukushanda, akanga 137 zviuru vanhu. Uyezve, kwakanga kuwanika 2174 ndege uye 538 Matangi.

Königsberg kudzivirira inotungamirwa General Otto von Lasch Wehrmacht. Dzaanadzo varwi 130 zviuru aiva, izvo haidereri zvikuru kupfuura nhamba uchirwisana nemauto eSoviet. Asi matangi ndege uto reGermany panguva nzvimbo yekudyidzana isinganaki. Aiva, ukuwo, 108 uye 170 dzakabatana.

Saka, kana anenge vakaenzana manpower mune zvekutepfenyura iyi Soviet Army aiva chinokosha zvinobatsira mune unyanzvi mauto ari Wehrmacht. Izvi kamwe zvakare kunoratidza dzinokosha kusiyana mamiriro ezvinhu pakutanga hondo uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akapararira 1945.

Vachitarisira kuvhiyiwa

Usati watanga kusunungurwa Königsberg, akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nemauto eSoviet kutokonora pamusoro akavakirirwa zvinzvimbo nomuvengi. Zvakanditorera vhiki yokutanga rinenge rose April. Uyezve, isu takanga rakachengetedzwa airstrikes edu avhiyesheni ndege panguva inokosha nzvimbo maiva muguta. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko kubhombiwa akanga zvishoma dzinoparadza pane kurwisa pazuva ndege British akaita kuti rinenge rose 1944.

Uyewo, vanhu vokuGermany vakaedza nokukurumidza sezvinobvira achichisonera panguo ose kusarurama kwemafungiro kudzivirira, wakabaya zvombo Soviet.

utungamiri Wehrmacht anonzwisisa kuti kana vanhu vake havana nokudzivirira ose padiki zveminda kusvikira pakupedzisira donhwe reropa, kusvikira okupedzisira musoja, mazuva Third Reich kuti rakaverengwa. Asi, sezvo tichiziva kubva kare, kunyange chibayiro zvavo masoja German kusingaenzaniswi vaisagona kumuponesa ichi monstrous muchina rudzi uye udzvanyiriri pakuparadzwa.

guta Sturm

Ipapo akatanga pakarepo, nokubudiswa Königsberg. Date April 6, 1945 ndiko kutanga kwayo.

Ridzai akanga akabata panguva iyoyo kubva kumaodzanyemba kweguta. Day, senguva dzose, yakatanga kutokonora chinzvimbo muvengi. maawa pedyo gumi wezuva akaenda pamusoro tsamwisa matangi inifanduri. A rinokosha mukushanda akumbirwa kurwisa mauto, uyo akaita mupiro mukuru kusunungurwa Königsberg (1945).

VokuGermany akapa apererwa nemishonga, asi hondo Soviet rinopwanya achizvidzivirira chipingamupinyi pashure perimwe. kuchiteshi chechitima uye chiteshi yakanga yatorwa. On pa wokuti azvipe masoja Wehrmacht vakaratidza kusarudza kuramba. Kuedza kuronga shure yakaitwa, asi mauto eSoviet Yakabata German chikamu, rinoda kushandisa urongwa zviitike.

Pakupedzisira, April 9, 1945, General Otto von Lasch pokuziva kusabatsira kurwisa, akasaina mapfumo pasi, uye akarayira vanhu vose vaiva pasi pake murayiro, akarara pasi maoko avo. Akatsvaira guta kubva haana kuteerera mirairo mapoka emauto Wehrmacht mberi kusvikira mangwana.

Saka pakanga kusunungurwa Königsberg. Akaudzwa mauto eSoviet zviduku nezvinhu, asi izvi hapana nzira detracts kubva kukosha chiitiko ichi muna kuumbwa Hondo Yenyika II zvikurukuru uye Yechipiri World War yose.

Nokurasikirwa vemapato

Munguva oparesheni kuti kusunungurwa muguta Königsberg, achiuraya masoja 42,000 German, vanenge 92.000 vakatorwa musungwa. Mukuwedzera, mauto eSoviet akanga atora zvombo, kureva atirari zvidimbu zviuru zviviri, 128 ndege uye muna 1652 dhaka.

Pakati nemauto eSoviet nezvinhu zvaiva duku zvikuru, akasvika 3,200 varwi vakafa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa kuti edu vehondo vakadzidza kukunda kukunda kwete nokuda uwandu mauto uye chinokosha nhamba nemasoja akafa, sezvo zvakanga pakutanga hondo, somugumisiro kuvapo kwakajeka hwezvekuita. Chokwadi ichi chakaitika Red Army aine qualitatively itsva nzira.

Nokuti vagari Königsberg chete mamiriro ezvinhu akatarira zvikuru vainzwisa tsitsi. 80% guta rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose munguva kurwisa uye kubhomba kubva kudenga, kusanganisira avo inoitiswa Royal British ndege mukufamba 1944. Pakati 316.000 vagari Vagari Königsberg pakutanga hondo, 200,000 chete akasiya mushure storming reguta, uye nokukurumidza vakaendeswa dzimwe nzvimbo.

mashandiro ukoshi

Waiti Königsberg muHondo Yenyika II akabatsira kuumba springboard zvakatonyanya chinotangira uto reSoviet. April 25 vakakundwa vokupedzisira nouchapupu German rehondo munzvimbo - iri Samland Group of Forces. In ichi East-Prussian kushanda akanga zvapedza.

Uyezve zviitiko anozivikanwa vose vari kuenderera omubatanidzwa kurwisa, ari storming kweBerlin, kuzviuraya yaHitler uye Kuregwa Germany May 8, 1945 wakakwana. Chokwadi, kuti vawane mugumisiro ichi, achitora mumwe Königsberg haana kukwana, asi ichi chiitiko - chakakodzera link hochekoche okukunda sezvo Hondo Stalingrad, Hondo Kursk kuzvimba uye omubatanidzwa kumhara mu Normandy.

Kukosha uye peculiarity pamusoro kukunda hondo veSoviet Koenigsberg zvakakwana chinoratidza kuti pachiitiko chacho 24-nguva volley kubva 324 pfuti rakapiwa muMoscow. Uyezve, rakavambwa chaiwo bheji (menduru) kuti kuchengeta kuyeuka ubudirire ichi mauto edu hondo pamusoro chero zvakadzama, tinotaura akaderera zvishoma.

Kaliningrad - guta Russian

The mberi kutapwa guta Zvinozivikanwa. Königsberg muna 1946 Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Kaliningrad mukukudza wemufi mugore iroro, mutungamiriri webato M. I. Kalinina, uye yaisanganisira pamwe chikamu chikuru East Prussia, kutanga muna RSFSR, uye pashure pokuwa Soviet Union - muna Russian Federation. Vazhinji German Vagari nedunhu akadzingirwa Germany. The nzvimbo kuzivikanwa zvino Kaliningrad, yakazadzwa nevakabva nevagari dzimwe dziri USSR, zvikurukuru pamusoro RSFSR uye Ukrainian SSR uye Byelorussian SSR. Guta Kaliningrad nokukurumidza vakavakazve, vanhu vose pamusoro Union muchirongwa liquidation dzakakonzerwa kuti hondo yakaunza.

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Kaliningrad nharaunda kunokosha maindasitiri uye dzisina munharaunda Russian Federation. Kugadzirwa zvokuimba engineering shipbuilding. Kunze pazvivako, pari hapana umboo Kudzora kare vokuGermany mudunhu.

The menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg"

Pasina mwedzi miviri pashure kubatwa guta nemauto eSoviet kubudikidza chirevo USSR hurumende akagadza menduru kuti kusunungurwa Königsberg. Wakatangwa kuti zvichengete Feat evadzimi. Maererano award kuti musiyano vaifanira kuva vechikamu kusunungurwa Königsberg kwaisanganisira kubva 23 January kusvika 10 April 1945 sechikamu East Prussia ari storming kweguta.

The menduru yakanga yakagadzirwa nendarira. Yakanga mureza chimiro denderedzwa. Kuti "Nokuti akakunda pakati Königsberg" iri rakanyorwa pamberi chitaridzi. It kwakaratidzwa pagungano pamusoro nyeredzi, uye nechepasi - a welaurel bazi. On the neizvi divi rine musi kana kusunungurwa Koenigsberg - April 10, 1945. The dhayamita of bheji - 32 mm.

Zvayaiva menduru ichi ari pachipfuva chake, pashure chiratidzo rokukudza kubatwa kweBudapest uye pamberi menduru nokuda kubatwa pamusoro Vienna. Kureva, kana ichi akaita maererano nenguva matsamba musimboti.

Mazita paakavapa menduru Königsberg kusunungurwa nhengo

Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, varwi vakawanda awane menduru kuti kusunungurwa Königsberg. The pamazita awardees nokusingaperi kwazvo vanhu 760,000.

Varume vakawanda zvino regai kurangarira zita. Asi pakati akatambira menduru vakanga anozivikanwa vanhu, akadai Baikov Eugene G. (sajeni), Lapidus Victor L. (Lt. VaK) Neplyuev Valentina Fyodorovna (sajeni), Rozhin Ivan Maksimovic (sajeni), Statsenko Ivan Denisovich (Second refutenendi), Trinity Viktor Pavlovich (sajeni), Hudyakov Nikolay Vasilevich (koporo), Yanovskiy Petr Grigorevich (wevarwi), Mashanov Ivan Savvateevich (foromani). Kusunungurwa Königsberg 1944-1945 makore - nyaya neimwe. The ropa uye ziya varume ndokusasa minda East Prussia. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiitawo kusunungurwa Königsberg.

Anokosha yokubiridzira varwi izvi, uye mazana ezviuru avo hatigoni kutaura pano. Menduru nokuti kusunungurwa Königsberg, chete chiduku chikamu mubairo, izvo yakakodzerwa hondo, vachikanganisa yake utano uye upenyu kuita basa.

Panguva iyoyo, ichi mubairo musiyano kubva zvoga hazvina akaita.

zvabuda

Mumwe kiyi nguva okuguma Second World War aiva kusunungurwa Königsberg. Chii pamberi rapanzvimbo kurwa zvinopindura pamusoro munharaunda East Prussia! Uye panguva imwe chete Königsberg oparesheni ndiyo yakanakisisa muenzaniso sei pamwe kuvaduku kurasikirwa vashandi zvinogoneka guta rakavakirwa.

Ndicho kukunda wehondo eSoviet akanga inokosha yose East Prussian kushanda uye kuitira dzisina kudzivirirwa nekugara nzira kuna Berlin. Mukuwedzera, anobudirira kupedziswa kurwa pana Königsberg akabvumira mune ramangwana zvinosanganisira guta uye dzakapoteredza ndima kuRussia, ndiro chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Kaliningrad nharaunda iri zvino.

Uye, chokwadi, yokubiridzira mazana ezviuru evadzimi ropa ravo panguva vatapi Königsberg, hakuzokanganwiki. Dzavo huru chibayiro Motherland achagara yeuka.